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1756 in Canada

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1756
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Events from the year1756 in Canada.

Incumbents

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Governors

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Events

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  • Francesends two battalions to Canada, with provisions, and 1,300,000 livres, in specie, which has the effect of depreciating the paper currency by 25 per cent.
  • March - A Canadien force of 300 captures Fort Bull, betweenSchenectadyandOswego,and puts the garrison to the sword.
  • May - Montcalm reachesQuebecwith 1,400 soldiers.
  • The Canadiens, suffering fromsmallpoxandfamine,are burthened with the support of their Indian allies.
  • Saturday August 14 - Though opposed to attacking any British fort, Montcalm, at the head of 3,100 regulars, Canadiens and Indians, captures Fort Oswego, - a success attributable, mainly, to his intercepting a message to General Webb, commanding 2,000 men in the vicinity. Colonel Mercer is killed. The garrison (1,780) and about 100 women and children are taken prisoners.
  • TheMarquis de Montcalmassumes a troubled command of French troops in North America. (TheSeven Years' Warbetween Britain and France begins in Europe).

Births

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Deaths

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Historical documents

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Britishdeclaration of waragainst France mentions encroachment "particularly in our province of Nova Scotia" and French troop buildup[3]

William Johnsondelivers some French prisoners toSix Nationsto compensate for death ofHendrickand others atBattle of Lake George[4]

Johnson's advice to Six Nations includes gathering nations in and being "unanimous in your councils, and also in the field"[5]

French align with Indigenous interestsby localizing trade, alliance and influence, and expanding tofortsand "real command over the country"[6]

Rogers' RangersreconnoitreFrench-heldTiconderogaandCrown Point,and prisoner disclosesMarquis de Montcalm's arrival from France[7]

Britishsloopand companions chased by four large FrenchschoonersonLake Ontariobefore escaping intoOswego[8]

Lengthy narration of Montcalm'scapture of Oswego fortsin August and analysis of British mismanagement leading to it[9]

"Best constructed of any in our possession" -PallisadedFort Eagle is built with moat near Oswego, but torn down after Oswego's fall[10]

"The main Point" -Lord LoudounadvisesDuke of Cumberlandto mount campaign againstQuebec Cityby way ofSt. Lawrence River[11]

Evangelical societywishes toteach"a few Indian Boys" at its New York school, but difficulties (including war) prevent it[12]

Halifaxoppressed by military establishment that makes all laws (includingby-laws), takes government jobs and even seizes firewood[13]

Indigenous people in Nova Scotia favour French "caressing and courting them," in contrast to violent British (Note: "savages" used)[14]

Rangers sent toSaint John Riverfind transport taken byAcadianswho had overwhelmed its crew, but ship burned before rangers can retake it[15]

Acadians gathered under French command outside peninsular Nova Scotia, along withMi'kmaqand "St. John Indians,"number 1,500 men[16]

Gov. Shirleysays Massachusetts will not suffer "unreasonable Burthen" ofAcadians sent there,but "enable and induce" their self-support[17]

Notice inBristol, Englandnewspaper of arrival of hundreds of Acadian deportees sent fromVirginia,and of local welfare payments made to them[18]

Board of Trade"extremely anxious" that lands vacated by expelled Acadians be soon settled for "future strength and Prosperity of the Colony"[19]

Secretary of StateHenry FoxtellsCharles Lawrenceto improveChignecto fortsand reinforce garrisons with troops coming from Ireland[20]

References

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  1. ^Guéganic (2008), p. 13.
  2. ^"George I".Official web site of the British monarchy.30 December 2015.Retrieved18 April2016.
  3. ^John Entick et al.,"His Majesty's declaration of war against the French King"(May 17, 1756),The General History of the Late War;Vol. I(1763), pgs. 390-4. (See alsoFrench war declarationagainst British, and wartimeline) Accessed 17 January 2022
  4. ^"At a meeting of 586 of the six nations and their allies" (February 18, 1756), An Account of Conferences held, and Treaties made, Between Major-general Sir William Johnson [and] Indian Nations in North America, pgs. 24-5. Accessed 20 January 2022https://digitalarchive.tpl.ca/objects/342324/an-account-of-conferences-held-and-treaties-made-between-m(turn to PDF frame 36 - "Brethren of the Onondagas[...]" )
  5. ^"At a meeting of the six nations" (February 23, 1756), An Account of Conferences held, and Treaties made, Between Major-general Sir William Johnson [and] Indian Nations in North America, pgs. 41-3. Accessed 20 January 2022https://digitalarchive.tpl.ca/objects/342324/an-account-of-conferences-held-and-treaties-made-between-m(turn to PDF frame 53; see also (at frame 58) Six Nations' assertion of importance of trade to alliance with British, even for remotest nations)
  6. ^Thomas Pownall,"Appendix; Section I; A Memorial: Stating the Nature of the Service in North America(...), 1756"The Administration of the Colonies(1765), pgs. 13-16. Accessed 21 April 2022
  7. ^"June 28, 1756"Journals of Major Robert Rogers(1765), pgs. 20-2. (See alsobrief descriptionof Ticonderoga) 18 January 2022
  8. ^"Eyewitness Account of Naval Engagement off Oswego"(July 2, 1756), New York [City] Mercury (July 26, 1756). Accessed 20 January 2022
  9. ^John Entick et al.,"The siege of Oswego resolved upon"The General History of the Late War;Vol. I(1763), pgs. 473-89. (See Peter Williamson'snarrativeof being wounded and falling prisoner at Oswego, and engineer Patrick Mackellar'stimelineof his experience up to surrender; also see one author whoblames William Shirleyfor British setbacks in New York, and another whosupports him) Accessed 17 January 2022
  10. ^"In the succeeding year"An Impartial Account of Lieut. Col. Bradstreet's Expedition to Fort Frontenac (1759), pg. 13. Accessed 18 January 2022
  11. ^"12. I have in my Letter"(October 2, 1756),Military Affairs in North America; 1748-1765(1936), pgs. 235-6. (See Cumberlandrepliesthat expedition planned for Louisbourg should lead to "the main Point" ) Accessed 22 January 2022
  12. ^"However in the Beginning of the Year 1756"An Answer to[...]Observations on[...]the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, pg. 40. Accessed 19 January 2022
  13. ^"I have therefore"An Account of the Present State of Nova-Scotia (1756), pgs. 2, 6-9. Accessed 17 January 2022
  14. ^"At present these savage nations""Letter from Mons. de la Varenne[....]" (Louisbourg, May 8, 1756),An Account of the Customs and Manners of the Micmakis and Maricheets Savage Nations, &c.(1758), pgs. 84-90. Accessed 19 January 2022
  15. ^"Governor Lawrence to Governor Shirley"(February 18, 1756), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs. 296-8. Accessed 20 January 2022
  16. ^"Extract of a Document entitled, 'Remarks relative to the State of the Forces in Nova Scotia'"(March 30, 1756), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs. 298-9. Accessed 20 January 2022
  17. ^"Govenor [sicShirley to Legislature of Massachusetts "] (February 13, 1756), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs. 295-6. Accessed 27 January 2022
  18. ^"On Friday last arrived""Bristol, June 26," Bristol Journal (June 26, 1756), Centre d'études acadiennes, Université de Moncton. (See also Lawrence's"Circular to the Governors on the Continent"asking them not to allow Acadians to return north) Accessed 16 January 2022
  19. ^"Extract from Letter Lords of Trade to Governor Lawrence"(July 8, 1756), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs. 300-1. Accessed 20 January 2022
  20. ^"Henry Fox to Governor Charles Lawrence"(August 14, 1756),Military Affairs in North America; 1748-1765(1936), pg. 222. (See Cumberland makes"1200 Soldiers draughted from Ireland"available to Loudoun) Accessed 21 January 2022
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