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1758 in Canada

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1758
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Events from the year1758 in Canada.

Incumbents

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Governors

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Events

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  • Saturday July 8 -Battle of Carillon:GeneralJames Abercrombie,with 15,390 men, attacks 3,600 French and Canadian troops entrenched and barricaded atFort Ticonderoga.The British and American colonial forces are repulsed and lose 2,000 killed and wounded.
  • Wednesday July 27 -Capitulation of Louisbourg:After a 48 days siege, the British, underJames WolfeandJeffery Amherst,captureLouisbourg,defended by about 5,637 French soldiers and sailors.
  • August 26–28 -Battle of Fort Frontenac:Colonel John Bradstreet,with nearly 3,000 men, mostly colonial militia, takes and burns Fort Frontenac, (present-dayKingston).
  • Thursday September 14 -Battle of Fort Duquesne:MajorJames Grant,with 800 Highlanders and some Virginians, is defeated by 500 French and Indians, fromFort Duquesne(present-dayPittsburgh), underCharles Philippe Aubry.
  • Monday October 2 - The Nova Scotia Provincial Parliament, Canada's oldest Legislative Assembly, first met on 2 October 1758 with 22 members.[3]For the first hundred years, this Assembly was known as the Provincial Parliament, and an elected member was called "MPP" Member of the Provincial Parliament. Since 1867, the name "Parliament" has been reserved for the federal assembly at Ottawa, and the Nova Scotia Assembly has been known as the "Legislature", with an elected member called "MLA" Member of the Legislative Assembly.
  • Thursday:) October 12 - Charles Lawrence, Military Governor of Nova Scotia, issued a Proclamation that is published in the Boston Gazette, informing the people of New England that since the enemy which had formerly disturbed and harassed the province was no longer able to do so, the time had come to people and cultivate, not only the lands made vacant by the removal of the Acadians, but other parts of "this valuable province" as well. The Proclamation concluded with the words "I shall be ready to receive any proposals that may be hereafter made to me for effectually settling the vacated, or any other lands within the said province."
  • Saturday November 25 - The French garrison of Fort Duquesne (500) set it on fire and abandoned it to General John Forbes. He renames it "Pittsburg," in honor of thePrime Minister of Great Britain,William Pitt the Elder.
  • English begin capturing French fortifications,New Franceand Ohio Valley, the war started going their way decisively this year.

Births

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Deaths

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Historical documents

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Outnumbered 7 to 1,Rogers' Rangersfight seesaw battle in 4 feet of snow nearLake Georgebefore retreating (Note: "savages" used)[4]

Even with 3,000 troops behind shorebreastworks,French fail to stop British (led byWolfe,Lawrenceand Whitmore) from landing nearLouisbourg[5]

During siege of Louisbourg, British buildprotective earthen wall(9' tall, 16' wide and 1/4 mile long) "to be Proof against all Cannon Ball"[6]

Acadian resistance leaderCharles Boishébertarrives at Louisbourg with "a Party of Canadians and Indians" to harass British[7]

"A dismal Scene of total Destruction!" - Louisbourg harbour littered with shiphulksand sunken vessels ravaged by flames and cannon fire[8]

Post-capitulationtour of Louisbourg through its "stinking Lanes they call Streets" and its good and badfortifications[9]

Taking Île Saint-Jeanremoves grain and cattle supplier for Canada and "great annoyance to our settlement in Nova Scotia" (Note: "savages" used)[10]

"Wherever he went with his troops, desolation followed" - Wolfe's forcesdestroy Gulf towns,includingonethat offers 150,000livreransom[11]

Sachemsconvince 200 Indigenous fighters not to ambush British forces landing atSaint John River,but priest upriver upbraids them[12]

Officer inMaj. Gen. Abercrombie'sheadquarters describes failedassault on Fort Carillonat Ticonderoga[13]

Mostly provincial force takesFort Frontenacalong with all French vessels onLake Ontarioand "immense quantity of provisions and goods"[14]

Acadians of Cape SablebegMassachusetts governmentto accept and protect them as faithful subjects and taxpayers (Note: "savages" used)[15]

Living "more comfortably" than would be expected, Acadian women and children taken prisoner in Nova Scotia and their houses burned[16]

"A vast empire, the Seat of Power & Learning" - James Wolfe writes to his mother his vision of British colonies' future[17]

News that 35Casco Bayfamilies and 30 families ofIrish weaversand linen workers wish to joinAnnapolis residentsin settling alongAnnapolis River[18]

Enslaved Black African,"supposing himself ill used," escapes to woods, is fired on by panickyblockhouseguard, and returns to Annapolis[19]

Memories of "impertinent" Acadian residents who, when near British, would call their oxenLuther, Calvin and Cranmerand then thrash them[20]

Nova Scotia law makes divorce possible only in cases ofimpotence,consanguinity,adultery,or desertion, as judged byCouncil[21]

Penalties in Nova Scotia forblasphemy(pilloryor jail), drunkenness (fine), counterfeiting (pillory with ears nailed, plus whipping) and other crimes[22]

References

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  1. ^Guéganic (2008), p. 13.
  2. ^"George I".Official web site of the British monarchy.30 December 2015.Retrieved18 April2016.
  3. ^Thomas S. Axworthy (October 3, 2016)."Nova Scotia: The Cradle of Canadian Parliamentary Democracy".The Canadian Encyclopedia.Retrieved2 June2021.
  4. ^Robert Rogers,"March 10, 1758"Journals of Major Robert Rogers(1765), pgs. 79-102. Accessed 8 February 2022
  5. ^"8 (June 1758). About 2 o'clock"An Authentic Account of the Reduction of Louisbourg, In June and July 1758 (1758), pgs. 9-17. Accessed 3 February 2022 (Seeconsiderations and preparationsbefore landing, and Adm. Boscawen's predepartureorders)
  6. ^"About this time they began the Epaulement"(June 23, 1758), An Authentic Account of the Reduction of Louisbourg, In June and July 1758 (1758), pgs. 29, 31. (See also construction crews'"Indifference to what the unexperienced might call a dreadful Fire from the Besieged") Accessed 4 February 2022
  7. ^"Mons. Boishibere's Arrival"(July 10, 1758), An Authentic Account of the Reduction of Louisbourg, In June and July 1758 (1758), pg. 37. Accessed 3 February 2022 (Seeconjecturethat Boishébert was seen near Halifax in May)
  8. ^"About low Water this Day"(July 26, 1758), An Authentic Account of the Reduction of Louisbourg, In June and July 1758 (1758), pgs. 49-50. Accessed 7 February 2022 (See also Wolfe'sreputationwith French for unexpectedly popping up in force)
  9. ^"the Town of Louisbourg"An Authentic Account of the Reduction of Louisbourg, In June and July 1758 (1758), pgs. 58-9. Accessed 7 February 2022 (See alsodetailed descriptionof Louisbourg fortress; alsoWolfe's concern for town's women(swipe to F7025_0915_B128_01))
  10. ^John Entick,"Nor was this their whole loss"The General History of the Late War[...];Vol. III(1763), pgs. 249-50. Accessed 8 February 2022
  11. ^John Knox,"Brigadier Wolfe"(November 15, 1758),An Historical Journal of the Campaigns in North-America, for the Years 1757, 1758, 1759, and 1760;Vol. I,pg. 213. Accessed 12 February 2022
  12. ^John Knox,"when Brigadier Monckton and the forces were landing"(November 24, 1758),An Historical Journal of the Campaigns in North-America, for the Years 1757, 1758, 1759, and 1760;Vol. I,pg. 214-15. Accessed 12 February 2022
  13. ^John Knox,"I scratched a few lines to you"(July 29, 1758),An Historical Journal of the Campaigns in North-America, for the Years 1757, 1758, 1759, and 1760;Vol. I,pgs. 148-51. Accessed 11 February 2022 (See alsoopinionson failure to take Ticonderoga (including observations of officer involved and article in Paris gazette), and"A Plan of the Town and Fort of Carillon at Ticonderoga, with the attack made by the British Army Commanded by Genl Abercrombie, 8 July 1758")
  14. ^Letter of Lt. Col. Bradstreet to Maj. Gen. Abercrombie(August 31, 1758),An Authentic Register of the British Successes[....];The Second Edition(1760), pgs. 32-3. Accessed 7 February 2022 (Seeparticipant's accountof expedition, and its preparation and execution, including why most Six Nations fighters atconferencewith Bradstreet refused to participate)
  15. ^Petition to Massachusetts governor and council(September 15, 1758), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs. 306-7. (See alsonews of soldiers at Cape Sableburning settlements and sending 100 inhabitants to Halifax for transfer to Europe) Accessed 10 February 2022
  16. ^John Knox,"On the morning preceding this adventure"(April 1758),An Historical Journal of the Campaigns in North-America, for the Years 1757, 1758, 1759, and 1760;Vol. I,pg. 121. Accessed 11 February 2022
  17. ^Letter of James Wolfe (Louisbourg, August 11, 1758), General Wolfe's Letters to His Parents. Accessed 14 February 2022https://collections.library.utoronto.ca/view/wolfe:F7025(swipe to F7025_0927_B131_01)
  18. ^John Knox,"5th; 8th; 15th (November 1758)"An Historical Journal of the Campaigns in North-America, for the Years 1757, 1758, 1759, and 1760;Vol. I,pg. 212. Accessed 11 February 2022
  19. ^John Knox,"14th (June 1758)"An Historical Journal of the Campaigns in North-America, for the Years 1757, 1758, 1759, and 1760;Vol. I,pg. 140. Accessed 11 February 2022
  20. ^John Knox,"22d (April 1758)"An Historical Journal of the Campaigns in North-America, for the Years 1757, 1758, 1759, and 1760;Vol. I,pgs. 124-5. Accessed 11 February 2022
  21. ^"An Act concerning Marriages and Divorce, and for punishing Incest and Adultery, and declaring Polygamy to be Felony"(1758), 32 George II - Chapter 17, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 3 February 2022
  22. ^"An Act for punishing Criminal Offenders"(1758), 32 George II - Chapter 20, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 3 February 2022
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