1763 in Canada
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Events from the year1763 in Canada.
Incumbents
[edit]- French Monarch:Louis XV(abdicated February 10)[1]
- British and Irish Monarch:George III[2]
Governors
[edit]- Governor of the Province of Quebec:Jeffery Amherst
- Colonial Governor of Louisiana:Louis Billouart
- Governor of Nova Scotia:Jonathan Belcher
- Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland:Richard Edwards
Events
[edit]With theRoyal Proclamation of 1763Lower Canada was renamed the "Province of Quebec".
- 1763–1820 The Conquest: French defeated. British take over and successfully expand fur trade fromMontreal(North West Company). Much money is invested in Montreal.
- 1763–64 –Pontiac's Rebellionthreatens British control of theGreat Lakesregion before being suppressed.
- 1763–1766: Pontiac's Rebellion, an American Indian revolt, is suppressed by the English in Canada. OttawaChief Pontiac(c. 1720–1769) leads an Indian uprising but the British defeat the Indians.
- Thursday February 10 – By thetreaty of Paris,France cedes to Britain, Canada and all the Laurentian Islands, exceptSt. Pierre and Miquelon.
- April 11 – Britain allows Canadians the free exercise of their religion.
- April 18 – The folk heroMarie-Josephte Corriveauwas sentenced to death by a Britishcourt martialfor murdering her second husband, and washangedinQuebec City.
- December 7 – Canadians are required to swear fealty.
- Proclamation byKing George IIIbans settlements west of theAppalachiansand establishes a protected Indian Country there. White settlers ignore the boundary line – Indian raids inPennsylvanialead to the Paxton Riots – Peaceful Conestoga Mission Indians are massacred by settlers.
- Pontiac fails to take Detroit, because of informers alerting the English to his plans; as winter approaches, his army of Indians lost faith in victory, and returned to their homes. Aware that England and France had ended both their European and American wars, Pontiac tried to start a second uprising, later counseled peace, and was killed in 1769 inIllinoisby a Peoria Indian who was probably an assassin hired by the English.
- The prophetic say that the acquisition of Canada will cost England her colonies. "No longer requiring protection, they will be asked to support burdens, which their necessities have brought upon the mother country, and will answer by striking off all dependence."
Births
[edit]- December 23 –John Kinzie,Fur trader fromQuebec Citywho was responsible for the "first murder inChicago"(d.June 6,1828)
Deaths
[edit]- April 18 –Marie-Josephte Corriveau,criminal (born1733)
Historical documents
[edit]Treaty of Paris 1763confirmsCanada,Cape BretonandNova Scotiafor Britain, and limitedNewfoundlandandGulffishing rights for France[3]
British ambassadorordered to discover how French intend to disrupt British rule in North Americancessionsand encroach on Newfoundland fishery[4]
Province of Quebecestablished with limits to settlement on Indigenous lands beyond its borders, and on settlers buying such land within province[5]
"Various Conjectures" -Benjamin Franklinsummarizes reasons people are giving forattacksmade on British by Indigenous people west ofLake Huron[6]
DespiteOjibwechiefWawatam's warning,Alexander Henrywitnessesmassacre of British at Michilimackinacbut is saved byenslaved Pawneewoman[7]
Teenager recounts being taken, enslaved, adopted, sold and rescued among Ojibwe,Odawaand French (Note: gruesome details; "savage" used)[8]
Character traitsneeded by North American commander-in-chief to deal well with Indigenous people (Note:racial stereotypes)[9]
Prospectusforweekly bilingual newspaperin Montreal, to aid anglophones and francophones learning each other's language, as well as deliver news[10]
"Correspondence increases Commerce" - Quebec merchants wantpostal service,but will have postmaster and military express handle their mail[11]
Maple sugaringnearSault Ste. Marieinvolves sugar shack with 20-foot-long fireplace,birchbarksap ducts and 100 gallon moosehide vats[12]
Nova ScotiaLt. Gov. Wilmotwarns against letting dangerous Acadian group "bigotted to France and the Church of Rome" settle onMiramichi[13]
Acadiansare not to be persuaded to move toFrance;instead "settle them in some distant District of Canada"[14]
Each Nova Scotia countyquarter sessionis to make rules about river obstructions (weirs,fish garths,seinesetc.) that may affect fishspawning[15]
At annualNova Scotia townshipmeetings,freeholderswill appoint board of 12 residents to decide who should receive funds voted forpoor relief[16]
"In order to prevent the increase ofBilliardTables andShuffle Boards"in Nova Scotia, owners must get annual £10 licence, or risk £20 fine[17]
"Over populous[...]in the Island they at present inhabit,"Nantucketmariners want to relocate toSt. John's Islandto takecodand whales[18]
To evade violently anti-British Indigenous people,Alexander Henrydons variety ofOjibweclothing and ornaments[19]
Though injured bysnowshoeingfromMichilimackinactoSault Ste. Marie,Alexander Henry refuses local remedy for "snow-shoe evil"[20]
References
[edit]- ^Guéganic (2008), p. 13.
- ^"George III".Official website of the British monarchy.Royal Household. 31 December 2015.Retrieved18 April2016.
- ^"The definitive Treaty of Peace and Friendship between his Britannick Majesty, the Most Christian King, and the King of Spain"(February 10, 1763), Lillian Goldman Law Library, Yale Law School. (See alsoTreaty of Paris 1763in French and English) Accessed 4 April 2022
- ^Instructions11,13 and 14, "Separate and Private Instructions for.....Francis Seymour, Earl of Hertford....." (September 29, 1763), British Diplomatic Instructions, 1689-1789; Volume VII, France, Part IV, 1745-1789 (1934), pgs. 89, 90. Accessed 4 April 2022
- ^"By the King, A Proclamation; George R."(October 7, 1763). Accessed 5 April 2022
- ^Letter of Benjamin Franklin(June 28, 1763), U.S. National Archives. Accessed 8 April 2022
- ^Alexander Henry,Chapter VIIIand IX,Travels and Adventures in Canada and the Indian Territories[....] (1809), pgs. 71-84. Accessed 6 April 2022
- ^"Journal of Mr Rutherford of his Captivity Among the Indians in 1763, during the Pontiac war"Accessed 7 April 2022
- ^"His Connexion with the Indians"Some Hints to People in Power, on the Present Melancholy Situation of our Colonies in North America (1763), pgs. 27-9. Accessed 5 April 2022
- ^"Quebeck, To the Publick / Au Public"(1763?). Accessed 5 April 2022
- ^"Benjamin Franklin to Anthony Todd"(April 14, 1763), U.S. National Archives. Accessed 7 April 2022
- ^Alexander Henry,"The season for making maple-sugar"Travels and Adventures in Canada and the Indian Territories[....] (1809), pgs. 68-70. Accessed 6 April 2022
- ^"Governor Wilmot to Board of Trade"(December 10, 1763), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs. 340-1. Accessed 5 April 2022
- ^"Extract from a Letter of the Earl of Halifax to Montague Wilmot, Governor of Nova Scotia"(November 26, 1763), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs. 338-9. Accessed 5 April 2022
- ^"An Act to prevent Nusances, by Hedges, Wears, and other Incumbrances, Obstructing the Passage of Fish in the Rivers in this Province"(November 28, 1763), 3 George III - Chapter 2 (Session 2), British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 4 April 2022
- ^"An Act to enable the Inhabitants of the several Townships within this Province, to Maintain their Poor"(November 28, 1763), 3 George III - Chapter 7 (Session 2), British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. (See alsoact for poor relief in Halifax) Accessed 4 April 2022
- ^"An Act For Laying a Duty on Billiard Tables, and Shuffle Boards"(November 28, 1763), 3 George III - Chapter 11 (Session 2), British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 4 April 2022
- ^(Benjamin Franklin),"Timothy Folger: Petition to Sir Jeffery Amherst"(1763), U.S. National Archives. Accessed 7 April 2022
- ^Alexander Henry,"My hair was cut off"Travels and Adventures in Canada and the Indian Territories[....] (1809), pg. 115. Accessed 6 April 2022
- ^Alexander Henry,"snow-shoe evil"Travels and Adventures in Canada and the Indian Territories[....] (1809), pg. 68. Accessed 6 April 2022
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