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1784 in Canada

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Events from the year1784 in Canada.

Incumbents

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Governors

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Events

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  • August 16 – In response toLoyalistdemands, the Crown createsNew Brunswickout ofNova Scotia.New Brunswick was then divided into eight counties.
  • North West Companybuilt up Grand portage as a general summer rendezvous for all companies and free traders, drawing furs from as far asOregonand theArctic Circle.
  • David Thompsonbegan his apprenticeship on Hudson Bay.
  • James Cook's journal of his last voyage published in London.
  • Ward Chipman the Elder, a Massachusetts lawyer, settled in New Brunswick, where he served as solicitor general until 1808.[2]
  • Butler's Rangers were disbanded in June 1784, and its veterans were given land grants in theNassau District,now the Niagara region ofOntario,as a reward for their services to the British Crown.

Births

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Deaths

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Full date unknown

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  • Laurence Coughlan,Methodist preacher, Church of England clergyman, and local official

Historical documents

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Lower Canada

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Ordinance "for securing the Liberty of the Subject" guaranteeshabeas corpusrights (with certain limitations) to persons charged with crimes[3]

U.S. exporters to be assessed sameduties,drawbacksandbountieson goods shipped to Britain as are on British American exports[4]

Canada is "most prominent [in Empire as] a wide world ofWildernesses"poorly defended, bringing in little revenue and costing perhaps £600,000/yr.[5]

Canada and Nova Scotia will not reach their potential for export toWest Indieswhile they lack population, capital and output of U.S.A.[6]

If it draws "an energy from thewar"and encouragement of wheat" manufacturing, "Canada will supply Newfoundland and West Indies with flour[7]

Largegrist millavailable atPointe-Lévy,with 2water wheels,4 pairs of stones, 1,000-bushelbins, plus 16,000-bushel granary being built[8]

Henry Rimphoffsuccessfully sendstimber raftup St. Lawrence River fromSt. Paul's Bayto Quebec City, "chiefly to encourage industry"[9]

Montreal merchant appeals toContinental Congressfor compensation of expenditures on U.S. forces and losses from confiscations by Canada[10]

Discharged fromButler's Rangers,Charles Anger entitled to "the portion of Land [in Quebec] allotted to each [Provincial Corps]private soldier"[11]

Loyalistsand disbanded troops wishing concessions of land are to muster for settlement fromPointe au BaudettoCataraquiand atChaleur Bay[12]

Painting: Loyalists arrived at Johnstown (today'sCornwall, Ont.) on St. Lawrence River[13]

Provincial corpsofficers who havereturned to U.S.A.have had to give up theirhalf-pay,but British government may revoke that rule[14]

Henry Caldwelloffers Loyalists about 180,000 acres mostly nearLake Champlainand onChaudière Rivernear Quebec "on the most reasonable terms"[15]

For sale, "a Stout, healthy, youngPanisGirl, about 22 years of age,[...]speaks French and English, and is perfectly honest and sober "[16]

For sale, "a Likely healthyNegroWench,"15 or 16, brought up in New York, has hadsmallpoxand "understands all sorts of house work"[17]

Black woman's remaining 7-8 years ofindentureis for sale; seller assures any purchaser of her "honesty, sobriety and good temper"[18]

Offer of $14 for escaped "Negro-Man named Ishmael," about 36, missing some front teeth and knuckle of one finger, and passes as "aFree Negro"[19]

"A Negro man named Tight" ran away August 12 and was seen crossing St. Lawrence with Snow (anotherenslaved Black man) about 1st of September[20]

$30 reward for capture ofKamouraskaindentedapprenticeThomas Costin ( "18[,] looks sulky[,] very slovenly and dirty in his dress" )[21]

Charles Nishonoit "of thePenobscottribe was executed on the road side a little out of St. John's Suburbs "for murder of two travellers[22]

Fundraising for treatment of Quebec City's "Sick Poor [who have been] recommended by the Clergy, Magistrates, or other respectable persons"[23]

Practitioner to lecture on theory and practice ofmidwifery,as it will employ "elderly women" and is needed in Quebec's "infant settlements"[24]

Trois-Rivièreservant with candle causes loss of entire house by fire (except money,plateand papers saved);53rd Regimentthanked for saving town[25]

Shoe and boot maker fromEdinburghsays "as he is a young beginner," he trusts he will be accepted by public, "particularly his country-men"[26]

Attorney's household effects on auction, including chairs and sofa with curtains and slipcovers "to correspond;" variousglassware;cabinetry[27]

"Gentlemen of the Army" and Montreal merchants put on "most elegant and splendidBall,"with dancing 7pm-7am paused for supper at 1am[28]

Pianofortesfor sale by Mr. Glackemeyer, who also teaches that instrument and guitar, violin, flute and "Singing French and English"[29]

Poem: "Whence this unusual languor o'er my mind?/This chilling stupor that pervades each sense?/Pensive I sit, each active power confin'd[....]"[30]

Upper Canada

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Frederick Haldimandagrees withJoseph Brantthat "so fine a Country" as can bepurchased on Grand River"is much to be desired"[31]

"The Indians will be greatly surprised[...]when they find that we want to purchase the whole Country" between threelowerGreatLakes[32]

"We have found a place for to setle" -John Deserontyonsays Indigenous people have taken spot onBay of Quinteand need livestock and seeds[33]

Haldimand's instructions for disbanding and settling British forces atNiagara,depending on War Office orders and any evacuation of forts[34]

Evacuating U.S. postsshould be delayed while Loyalists are "insulted in the Grossest manner" trying to recover their lost property in U.S.A.[35]

Mississaugachief Pokquan tellsJohn Johnsonthey are ready to transfer their interlake lands, and welcomes Brant and Six Nations "brethren"[36]

"Affectionate people" - After 7-year absence,ministertoKanien’kéhà:kapreaches to, baptizes and marries them at their New York camp[37]

John Dease takes overIndian Departmentat Niagara without supplies Indigenous people want ( "Tea, Sugar, Barley Rice &c." ) or good storage[38]

Dease approves of Joseph Brant going toFort Stanwixto sound out Americans, advising "that in proper time & place,the Hatchett wou'd be Buried"[39]

U.S. signspeace treatywith Kanien’kéhà:ka,Onondaga,CayugaandSenecathat draws Six Nations' western boundary just east of Niagara River[40]

Map: Indigenous land ceded to U.S.A. in New York; detail showing 1784 Six Nations allotment[41]

George Pownallsays difficulty may arise for settlers from conflicts with Indigenous people and distance from markets (Note: "savages" used)[42]

Joseph Brant is travelling "tothe New Settlement at the Grand River"witharmy engineerand promise of sawmill,grist mill,church and school[43]

"To weaken it as a British province" -James Monroesays Canada will suffer due to resources, geography and, mostly, aggressive U.S. trade[44]

Nova Scotia

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House of Assembly,after consulting "principal Merchants and Men of Business" about trade, has passed bills to change system ofgovernment revenue[45]

Assembly asks governor to begin prosecution over all irregular public accounts, otherwise "Abuses ofpublic Trust[...]cannot be put a Stop to "[46]

Assembly agrees to letfreeholdersobserve its proceedings, members take notes on debates, and members' names and votes be recorded[47]

Louisbourgwill have "proper persons to work thecoal mines,which have long been[...]objects of the first consideration [and] of immense value "[48]

Petition to Assembly from Halifaxorphanagekeeper asking payment for maintaining "Moor Children" since House of Commons stopped support[49]

"Encreasing population, building and improvements[...]really amazing" - 9,000 inShelburne,more inCarletonandParrsboro,and "numerous towns begun"[50]

Benjamin Marstondetails Shelburne's development in housing and fisheries, and Nova Scotia's natural resources and Indigenous people[51]

Gov. Parrmakes grant of 98warehouselots on waterfront at Shelburne to scores of men for annual quitrent of 1farthingper lot[52]

Edward Winslowdismayed by distressed Nova Scotians, "vagrantsfrom the streets of London "and" Blackies "begging him for provisions[53]

Black Pioneers' petition for land asks they be granted "Articles Allowed by Government[...]the same as [for] the Rest of the Disbanded Soldiers"[54]

More than 600 names listed as head of family in Muster Book ofFree BlacksatBirchtownsettlement[55]

SurveyorBenjamin Marston notes disbanded soldiers arerioting in Shelburneagainst "Free negroes,"driving them out and looking for him[56]

"The word came with power to my heart" -Black LoyalistBoston Kingdescribes hisreligious conversionin Birchtown[57]

John Wentworthships to brother'sSurinameestate 19 enslaved Blacks, describing men's skills, and women as likely "to increase their numbers"[58]

"The business we are entering into" -Jamaicaninstructs his brother to set up in importing (and later perhaps fishing) in Shelburne[59]

AfterTea Party"you Said it would coust Newingland Dear, and I think It has old Ingland Two" - pre-war traders renew contact[60]

"[Many] are leaving the bleak province of Nova Scotia for the great advantages in trade that are to be met with atBermuda"[61]

Hannah Winslow, widow ofEdward Winslow Sr.,grantspower of attorneytoPlymouth, Massachusettslawyer to sell her property in that state[62]

In long letter to his wife,Edward Winslowexpresses his love for her and relates story of three condemned men'sreprieveat last minute[63]

Edward Winslow notes arriving London women "expose to view such[...]parts as nature seems to intend that everymodestwoman should conceal "[64]

New Brunswick

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New Brunswickto be set up for subjects from "revolted Colonies" and disbanded soldiers, as Halifax too far for them to use its courts[65]

Lord Sydneypraised for not assigning civil service jobs to friends, "except those of theGovernorand Lieutenant-Governor "[66]

Loyalists to be "victualled" at 2/3 rations (1/3 for kids under 10) in 1784-5, and half that in 1785-6; disbanded soldiers to get full rations[67]

Robert Lawson and 10 otherBlack Loyalistspetition for land promised but not received, fearing "Greatest Distress" to their large families[68]

"Smart, activeNegroBoy, "about 15, for sale;"titleindisputable "[69]

Fort Howeofficer seeks "slave"cooper;"speaksEnglish like the West India negroes[and] very talkative; "is fromSt. Augustinevia New York[70]

Nova Scotia Lieutenant GovernorEdmund Fanningnotes beginning of commerce betweenSaint John River settlementsand West Indies[71]

Settleron "Le Tete Island"praises ice-free and timber-richPassamaquoddy Bay[72]

New inCarletonare New York watchmaker,Brooklyntavernkeeper serving some of his old customers, and surgeon with 7 years' army experience[73]

School opened "to teach Youth[...]gauginggeometry,trigonometry,navigation,mensuration,surveying,dialing,&c. "plusmoralsandbehaviour[74]

Anonymous author seeks 1,000subscribersfor 3-volume "History of the Settlement of his Majesty's Exiled Loyalists," and prints its introduction[75]

Prince Edward Island

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Shelburneresident encouraged to come toCharlottetown,where land is "good & easy" to farm and cod fishery "will encrease & rise mens weages"[76]

John MacDonaldgoes over reasons his charges settling onSt. John's Islandshould be more aware of his sacrifices and good advice for them[77]

MacDonald tells his sisterHelenthat royal council is impatient with St. John's Islandgovernmentalmost as much as he is with her "Childishness"[78]

Elsewhere

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Authorexperiences (on December 12, 1784) "Nehethawa"moon called" Pou-arch-e-kin-e-shish [or] the wind blowing the brush from the pine tree "[79]

References

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  1. ^"Kings and Queens of Canada".aem.11 August 2017.Retrieved24 February2021.
  2. ^"SEARCHABLE ONLINE DATA – New Brunswick, Canada / Canadian Genealogy & History Information".globalgenealogy.com.Retrieved2017-07-01.
  3. ^"[...]An Ordinance," The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 977(May 13, 1784), pgs. 1-3. Accessed 8 February 2023
  4. ^"At the Court at St. James's[....]" (April 16, 1784), The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 982(June 17, 1784), pg. 2. Accessed 8 February 2023
  5. ^John Earl of Stair, "Address to, and Expostulation with, the Public" (1784),pgs. 30-2Accessed 3 February 2023
  6. ^Richard Champion,Considerations on the Present Situation of Great Britain and the United States of America[....],pgs. 107-15(frames 147-55). Accessed 20 February 2023
  7. ^George Chalmers,Opinions on Interesting Subjects of Public Law and Commercial Policy(1784),pgs. 78-9(PDF pgs. 87-8; see alsosimilar argumentfor lumber production, andcounter argumentthat Canada can't meet demand; also seereasonsNova Scotia and Canada can supply West Indies with all they want) Accessed 3 February 2023
  8. ^"To Be Let" (March 1, 1784), The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 967(March 4, 1784), pg. 3. Accessed 7 February 2023
  9. ^"At the Wharf of Mr. Charles Grant Lower-town[....]," The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 983(June 24, 1784), pg. 4. Accessed 8 February 2023
  10. ^"On the report of a committee[...]to whom was referred a memorial of Mr. Francis Cazeau" (March 1784),Journals of the Continental Congress; Volume XXVI, 1784pgs. 147-50 (PDF pgs. 153-6), Library of Congress. (See also similar report in this volume (pgs. 260-1) concerning Pierre du Calvet) Accessed 20 February 2023
  11. ^"Anger, Charles; Discharge papers[....]" (June 24, 1784),Land Petitions of the Niagara Settlers "A"(See also request ofAdam Bowmanfor medical treatment of war wound) Accessed 14 February 2023
  12. ^"Advertisements; Quebec, 25th February, 1784," The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 967(March 4, 1784), pg. 2. (See alsodetails(PDF pgs. 18-19) of this process) Accessed 7 February 2023
  13. ^James Peachey,"Encampment of the Loyalists at Johnston (sic), a New Settlement, on the Banks of the River St Laurence in Canada"(June 6, 1784) Accessed 20 February 2023
  14. ^"Aug. 14. The terms[....]," The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 1009(December 23, 1784), pg. 2. Accessed 9 February 2023
  15. ^"Advertisements; Whereas[....]" (December 24, 1783), The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 958(January 1, 1784), pg. 2. Accessed 7 February 2023
  16. ^"To Be Sold[....]," The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 986(July 15, 1784), pg. 2. Accessed 8 February 2023
  17. ^"To Be Sold by Private Sale[....]" (May 10, 1784), The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 977(May 13, 1784), pg. 2. Accessed 7 February 2023
  18. ^"To Be Sold[....]," The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 1000(October 21, 1784), pg. 3. Accessed 9 February 2023
  19. ^"Fourteen Dollars Reward" (Montreal, March 1, 1784), The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 968(March 11, 1784), pg. 3. Accessed 7 February 2023
  20. ^"Ran Away" (September 7, 1784), The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 992(September 9, 1784), pg. 2. Accessed 7 February 2023
  21. ^"Ran Away from his Master[....]," The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 1001(October 28, 1784), pg. 3. Accessed 9 February 2023
  22. ^"Quebec, November 11," The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 1003(November 11, 1784), pg. 3. (See alsofurther details(Page 2 of 2, right column on lefthand page) of Nishonoit's death, andreason(in footnote) for this unusual execution) Accessed 9 February 2023
  23. ^"The Public is informed[....]," The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 968(March 11, 1784), pg. 2. (See also (pg. 3) Quebec Theatre benefit for Hôtel Dieu infirmary) Accessed 7 February 2023
  24. ^"Mr. Gill, late Army Surgeon[....]," The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 1007(December 9, 1784), pg. 3. Accessed 9 February 2023
  25. ^"Three-Rivers, February 13," The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 965(February 19, 1784), pg. 2. (See alsofurther details(pg. 2), particularly "a Negroe man belonging to Mr. Malcolm Fraser" ) Accessed 7 February 2023
  26. ^"Robert Urquhart[....]," The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 988(July 29, 1784), pg. 3. Accessed 8 February 2023
  27. ^"For Sale by Auction[....]," The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 1000(October 21, 1784), pg. 3 (right column). Accessed 9 February 2023
  28. ^"Montreal, 22d. January, 1784," The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 963(February 5, 1784), pg. 2. Accessed 7 February 2023
  29. ^"For Sale, Five elegant Piano Fortes[....]," The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 983(June 24, 1784), pg. 3. Accessed 8 February 2023
  30. ^"Poets Corner; An Ode on Sickness, By a Young Lady," The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 1003(November 11, 1784), pg. 4. Accessed 9 February 2023
  31. ^"From General Haldimand to Sir John Johnson" (March 15, 1784), inRecords of Niagara(...)1784-1787unpaginated (PDF pg. 7; see also (pgs. 11-12) Haldimand staffer's enlargement on subject). Accessed 9 February 2023
  32. ^"Extract of a Letter from Colonel John Butler to Major Robert Matthews" (May 8, 1784), inRecords of Niagara(...)1784-1787unpaginated (PDF pg. 13). Accessed 10 February 2023
  33. ^Letter of John Deserontyon to Daniel Claus(June 8, 1784), Library and Archives Canada. (See alsoDeserontyon's noterequesting land charter to show settlers) Accessed 15 February 2023
  34. ^"From General Haldimand to Lieut.-Colonel A.S. De Peyster" (March 29, 1784), inRecords of Niagara(...)1784-1787unpaginated (PDF pgs. 9-11; see also (pg. 12) Lord Sydney's views on evacuation). Accessed 9 February 2023
  35. ^"From General Haldimand to Lord North; No. 33" (May 12, 1784), inRecords of Niagara(...)1784-1787unpaginated (PDF pgs. 16-17; see also (pg. 25) Haldimand's view that government confirmation of non-evacuation policy will benefit Indigenous people). Accessed 10 February 2023
  36. ^"Indian Council at Niagara" (May 22, 1784), inRecords of Niagara(...)1784-1787unpaginated (PDF pgs. 19-20; see also (pg. 35) official notice of land transfer to Six Nations and (pg. 33) British policy to accommodate Indigenous peoples). Accessed 10 February 2023
  37. ^"From Reverend John Stuart to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel" (July 17, 1784), inRecords of Niagara(...)1784-1787unpaginated (PDF pgs. 32-3). Accessed 10 February 2023
  38. ^"From John Dease to Sir John Johnson" (August 21, 1784), inRecords of Niagara(...)1784-1789unpaginated (PDF pgs. 3-4). Accessed 9 February 2023
  39. ^"From John Dease to Sir John Johnson" (September 5, 1784), inRecords of Niagara(...)1784-1789unpaginated (PDF pgs. 5-6; see also (pgs. 6-7) Dease's idea that other priorities (including troops to take possession of Upper Posts) will delay U.S. attention to "an Indian Treaty" ). Accessed 9 February 2023
  40. ^"Treaty with the Six Nations at Fort Stanwix" (October 22, 1784), inRecords of Niagara(...)1784-1789unpaginated (PDF pgs. 9-10; see also (pgs. 8-9) report from Stanwix that U.S. commissioners dictated treaty terms andU.S. speech(pgs. 221-4) containing terms, andtranslated notesof "Iroquois chief" who was there). Accessed 9 February 2023
  41. ^New York detailIndian Land Cessions in the United States (1899), Library of Congress. Accessed 20 February 2023
  42. ^"Extract of a Letter from George Pownall Esqr. Secretary to the Province of Quebec" (November 11, 1784), inRecords of Niagara(...)1784-1787unpaginated (PDF pgs. 37-8). Accessed 10 February 2023
  43. ^"Extract from a Letter from General Haldimand to Lieut.-Colonel De Peyster" (November 1784), inRecords of Niagara(...)1784-1787unpaginated (PDF pg. 38). Accessed 10 February 2023
  44. ^"To Thomas Jefferson from James Monroe"(November 1, 1784), U.S. National Archives. Accessed 15 February 2023
  45. ^"Thursday, 2nd December, 1784; To his Excellency John Parr[....],"Journal and Votes of the House of Assembly For the Province of Nova-Scotiapgs. 89-90. (See also (on pg. 90) disagreement Assembly has with Nova Scotia Council amending money bills) Accessed 7 February 2023
  46. ^"Monday 29th November, 1784; To his Excellency John Parr[....],"Journal and Votes of the House of Assembly For the Province of Nova-Scotiapg. 85. (See, for example, accounts listed on pgs. 86-7) Accessed 7 February 2023
  47. ^"Wednesday 3rd November, 1784,"Journal and Votes of the House of Assembly For the Province of Nova-Scotiapgs. 61-2. Accessed 7 February 2023
  48. ^"Aug. 18. A Governor[....]," The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 1010(December 30, 1784), pg. 1. Accessed 9 February 2023
  49. ^"Memorial pf Samuel Albro, Keeper of the Orphan House, to the Assembly(....)(November 5, 1784), Nova Scotia Archives. (See alsoAssembly resolution(pg. 70) that when orphanage house and premises "are granted for the public Use," keeper will be paid) Accessed 6 February 2023
  50. ^"Quebec, March 4; Extract of a letter from Halifax dated 16 January, 1784," The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 967(March 4, 1784), pg. 2. (See alsoEdward Winslow's observationthat energy of newcomers has excited "languid" earlier settlers) Accessed 7 February 2023
  51. ^"Marston Describes Shelburne"(after June 1784), Black Loyalists: Our History, Our People. Accessed 16 February 2023
  52. ^"To all to whom these Presents shall come(....)"(May 13, 1784). (See alsograntof 50- and 200-acre lots rent-free for 10 years, andgranton Saint John River of 200 acres each to Sarah and Penelope Winslow) Accessed 3 February 2023
  53. ^Edward Winslow to his wife(September 25, 1784),Winslow Papers; A.D. 1776-1826,pg. 233. Accessed 17 February 2023
  54. ^"Petition on behalf of the Black Pioneers"(August?21, 1784), Nova Scotia Archives. Accessed 13 February 2023
  55. ^Muster Book of Free Blacks(1784), Black Loyalists: Our History, Our People. (See alsoAnnapolis Muster List 1784) Accessed 17 February 2023
  56. ^"Monday, [July] 26 [1784],"Marston's JournalBlack Loyalists: Our History, Our People. Accessed 13 February 2023
  57. ^"Memoirs of Boston King"(1796), Black Loyalists: Our History, Our People. Accessed 16 February 2023
  58. ^T. Watson Smith, "A wholesale baptism of slaves[....],"The Slave in Canada(1898), Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Accessed 17 February 2023
  59. ^Letter of Nathaniel Whitworth to Charles Whitworth(March 15, 1784), Nova Scotia Archives. (See also"Preliminary Steps to be taken in order to quiet the Minds and Apprehensions of the Settlers in the Town and District of Shelburne") Accessed 16 February 2023
  60. ^"Letter, Joseph Curtis, Roxbury, to John Easson"(March 20, 1784), Nova Scotia Archives. (See alsoKatharine Curtis' letterof reconciliation with Easson) Accessed 20 February 2023
  61. ^"London, August 10; By letters lately received[....]," The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 1005(November 25, 1784), pgs. 1-2. Accessed 9 February 2023
  62. ^"Letter from Hannah Winslow to John Davis"(July 6, 1784), Loyalist Women in New Brunswick, 1783-1827. (See alsosimilar lettergranting daughter Sarah power of attorney before Loyalist losses commission in Britain, andEdward Winslow's letterabout his father's death) Accessed 3 February 2023
  63. ^"Letter from Edward Winslow to Mary Winslow"(September 10-12, 1784), Loyalist Women in New Brunswick, 1783-1827. (See alsoanother letterwith much about servants) Accessed 3 February 2023
  64. ^"Edward Winslow to His Wife"(September 20, 1784),Winslow Papers; A.D. 1776-1826,pg. 226. Accessed 17 February 2023
  65. ^"Order-in-Council Establishing New Brunswick"(June 18, 1784), Canadian Constitutional Documents. (See alsoelaborationon difficulty of getting to Halifax, and also political reasons N.B. not created sooner in lettershereandhereand96 instructionsto N.B. Gov. Thomas Carleton) Accessed 2 February 2023
  66. ^"The establishment of the infant province of New-Brunswick[....]," The Quebec Gazette,Nomb. 1001(October 28, 1784), pg. 2. Accessed 9 February 2023
  67. ^"Commissary-General's Office, Fort Howe" (September 15, 1784),The Royal St. John's Gazette, and Nova-Scotia Intelligencer, Vol. I, Numb. XLI(September 23, 1784), Page 3 of 23. (See also adjacent call for small craft owners to ship 2,000 barrels of provisions from Ft. Howe, andreportof official overseeing distribution) Accessed 2 February 2023
  68. ^"The Petition of Robert Lawson"(February 21, 1784), Black Loyalists in New Brunswick, University of New Brunswick Libraries. Accessed 6 February 2023
  69. ^"To Be Sold[....],"The Royal St. John's Gazette, and Nova-Scotia Intelligencer, Vol. I, Numb. XXXI(July 15, 1784), Page 2 of 4. Accessed 2 February 2023
  70. ^"Five Guineas Reward" (July 13, 1784),The Royal St. John's Gazette, and Nova-Scotia Intelligencer, Vol. I, Numb. XXXI(July 15, 1784), Page 3 of 4. Accessed 2 February 2023
  71. ^"Lieut. Col. Fanning to Ward Chipman"(April 27, 1784),Winslow Papers; A.D. 1776-1826,pg. 197. Accessed 17 February 2023
  72. ^"Dr. William Paine to Edward Winslow"(April 26, 1784),Winslow Papers; A.D. 1776-1826,pg. 196. (See alsosimilar reportfrom St. Andrews, N.B.) Accessed 17 February 2023
  73. ^Various ads,The Royal St. John's Gazette, and Nova-Scotia Intelligencer, Vol. I, Numb. VII(January 29, 1784), Page 3 of 4. Accessed 2 February 2023
  74. ^"John Sinnott[....]" (June 30, 1784),The Royal St. John's Gazette, and Nova-Scotia Intelligencer, Vol. I, Numb. XXX(July 8, 1784), Page 1 of 3. Accessed 2 February 2023
  75. ^"Proposals[....],"The Royal St. John's Gazette, and Nova-Scotia Intelligencer, Vol. I, Numb. XLI(September 23, 1784), Page 1 of 4. Accessed 2 February 2023
  76. ^Letter of Peter McMahon to Charles Cready(November 24, 1784), Nova Scotia Archives. (See also thatShelburne residentsdon't know much about cod fishing) Accessed 17 February 2023
  77. ^"Letter from John MacDonald to Helen MacDonald"(March 6, 1784), pgs. 3-6, The MacDonald Family Letters, 1779-1801, University of New Brunswick Libraries. Accessed 6 February 2023
  78. ^"Letter from John MacDonald to Helen MacDonald"(September 17, 1784), The MacDonald Family Letters, 1779-1801, University of New Brunswick Libraries. Accessed 6 February 2023
  79. ^Edward Umfreville, The Present State of Hudson's Bay, (1790),pgs. 191, 145Accessed 6 February 2023
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