1824

This article is about the year 1824. For other uses, see1824 (disambiguation).

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century 19th century 20th century
Decades:	1800s 1810s 1820s 1830s 1840s
Years:	1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827

1824 in variouscalendars

Gregorian calendar	1824 MDCCCXXIV
Ab urbe condita	2577
Armenian calendar	1273 ԹՎ ՌՄՀԳ
Assyrian calendar	6574
Balinese saka calendar	1745–1746
Bengali calendar	1231
Berber calendar	2774
British Regnal year	4Geo. 4– 5Geo. 4
Buddhist calendar	2368
Burmese calendar	1186
Byzantine calendar	7332–7333
Chinese calendar	Quý vịNiên (WaterGoat) 4521 or 4314 — to — Giáp thân niên (WoodMonkey) 4522 or 4315
Coptic calendar	1540–1541
Discordian calendar	2990
Ethiopian calendar	1816–1817
Hebrew calendar	5584–5585
Hindu calendars
-Vikram Samvat	1880–1881
-Shaka Samvat	1745–1746
-Kali Yuga	4924–4925
Holocene calendar	11824
Igbo calendar	824–825
Iranian calendar	1202–1203
Islamic calendar	1239–1240
Japanese calendar	Bunsei7 ( văn chính ７ niên )
Javanese calendar	1751–1752
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar	4157
Minguo calendar	88 beforeROC Dân tiền 88 niên
Nanakshahi calendar	356
Thai solar calendar	2366–2367
Tibetan calendar	Âm thủy dương niên (female Water-Goat) 1950 or 1569 or 797 — to — Dương mộc hầu niên (male Wood-Monkey) 1951 or 1570 or 798

1824(MDCCCXXIV) was aleap year starting on Thursdayof theGregorian calendarand aleap year starting on Tuesdayof theJulian calendar,the 1824th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 824th year of the2nd millennium,the 24th year of the19th century,and the 5th year of the1820sdecade. As of the start of 1824, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

January–March

• January 8– After much controversy,Michael Faradayis finally elected as a member of theRoyal Societyin London, with only one vote against him.
• January 22–First Anglo-Ashanti War:Battle of Nsamankow– forces of theAshanti Empirecrush British forces in theGold Coast(modern-dayGhana), killing the British governorSir Charles MacCarthy.
• January 24– The first issue of the radical quarterly founded byJeremy Bentham,TheWestminster Review,is published in London.
• February 10–Simón Bolívaris proclaimed dictator ofPeru.
• February 20—William Bucklandformally announces the nameMegalosaurus,the first scientifically validly named non-avian dinosaur species.
• February 21– TheChumash Revolt of 1824begins against the Spanish presence in California.
• March 4– Founding of theRoyal National Lifeboat Institutionin the British Isles.
• March 5– TheFirst Anglo-Burmese Warbegins.
• March 7– TheFlorida State Capitolmoves fromSt. AugustinetoTallahassee.
• March 9–Netherlands Trading Society(Netherlandsche Handel-Maatschappij), predecessor of Dutch bankABN AMRO,is founded.
• March 11– TheUnited States War Departmentcreates theBureau of Indian Affairs.
• March 17– TheAnglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824is signed.
• March 19– American explorerBenjamin MorrelldepartsAntarcticaafter a voyage later plagued by claims of fraud.

April–June

April 19: Death ofLord Byron

• April 7– TheMechanics' Institutionis established inManchester,England at the Bridgewater Arms hotel, as part of a national movement for the education of working men. The institute is the precursor to three Universities in the city: theUniversity of Manchester,UMISTand theMetropolitan University of Manchester(MMU).
• April 9– The first permanent settlers arrive to construct the new city ofTallahassee, Florida,selected to be the capital of theFlorida Territorynewly acquired from the Kingdom of Spain; the area has been selected because it is roughly equidistant from the territory's main cities,PensacolaandSt. Augustine.
• April 19–Lord Byron(George Gordon Byron), the British poet, dies at the age of 36 in the Greek city ofMissolonghi,where he had taken ill while making plans to liberate the Greeks from Ottoman rule, "not in combat, but of a fever caught in the unhealthy conditions at Missolonghi... exacerbated, it is generally agreed, by the over-zealous actions of his doctors, whobledhim excessively. "
• April 30–April RevoltinPortugalbegins whenPrince Miguelacts against hisLiberalopponents in defiance of his fatherJohn VI.
• May 7–Beethoven'sSymphony No. 9(the "Choral" ) premieres at theTheater am Kärntnertorin Vienna. The deaf composer has to be turned around on the stage to witness the enthusiastic audience reaction.
• May 24–First Anglo-Burmese War:The British takeRangoon,Burma.
• June 16– TheRoyal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animalsis established in Great Britain.

July–September

August 6:Battle of Junín

• July 2– TheConfederation of the Equatorbegins inPernambuco, Brazil:Wealthy landowners against the government ofEmperor Pedro Iinitiate a secessionist movement for the independence of Pernambuco.
• July 8– QueenKamāmaluof Hawaii dies ofmeasles,while accompanying her husband during a visit to the United Kingdom.
• July 10–Visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayetteand a beloved hero of the American Revolution, departs from the port ofLe Havrein France on the shipCadmusfor a triumphant return to the United States; he arrives in New York on August 15.
• July 13– KingKamehameha IIof Hawaii dies ofmeasles,during a visit to the United Kingdom, before he can meet with King George IV.Because of the slow communications of the era, news of the King's death does not reach Hawaii until the following March; his funeral would then take place on May 11, 1825, and subsequently he is succeeded by his brotherKamehameha III.
• July 19– DonAgustín de Iturbide,who had formerly beenPresident of Mexicoand then proclaimed himself Emperor Agustin the First, until being overthrown on March 19, 1823, is executed by a firing squad in the city ofPadilla,five days after returning from exile in England.
• July 25– TheMontparnasse Cemeteryopens in Paris, France.
• August 6–Peruvian War of Independence:Battle of Junín– Pro-independence forces defeat the Spanish in the highlands of the Junín region.
• August 7–First Anglo-Ashanti Warends when forces of theAshanti Empireflee the field.
• August 15–Visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United Statesbegins atStaten Island;he departs on September 7, 1825.
• September 13– With his crew and 29convictsaboard theAmity,John Oxleyarrives at and founds theMoreton Bay Penal Settlementat what becomesBrisbane, Queensland,in Australia, after leavingSydney.
• September 16–Charles Xsucceeds his brotherLouis XVIIIas King of France.

October–December

December 9:Battle of Ayacucho

• October 4– TheFirst Constitution of Mexicois enacted, declaring the country to be afederal republic.
• October 10– TheEdinburghTown Council founds the Edinburgh Municipal Fire Brigade, the firstfire brigadein Britain, under the leadership ofJames Braidwood.
• October 21–Joseph AspdinpatentsPortland cement.
• November 5–Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,the firsttechnological universityin the English-speaking world, is founded inTroy, New York.
• November 19 [O.S.November 7] – In theworst floodto date inSaint Petersburg,water rises 421 centimetres (166 in) above normal, and 200 lose their lives.
• November 30– The first sod is turned inOntariofor the first of fourWelland Canals(the canal opens for a trial run five years later to the day).
• December 3–1824 United States presidential election:None of the four candidates for U.S. president gain a majority of the electoral votes, so the election is thrown into theU.S. House of Representatives.
• December 9–Peruvian War of Independence:Battle of Ayacucho– Colombian and Peruvian forces led byAntonio José de Sucredefeat the Spanish.
• December 24– The first American fraternity,Chi Phi(ΧΦ), is founded atPrinceton University.
• December 28– TheBathurst Warcomes to an end, with the defeat of theWiradjuri.

Date unknown

• Egyptian and Albanian troops of the Ottoman Empire overturn the Greek revolt onCrete.
• The Dutch sign the Masang Agreement, temporarily ending hostilities in thePadri War.
• The nameAustralia,recommended byMatthew Flindersin 1804, is adopted by theBritish Admiraltyas the official name of the country once known asNew Holland.
• ThePanoramagramis invented as the first stereoscopic viewer.
• TheColorado potato beetleis first described, byThomas Say.

Births

January–June

Bedřich Smetana

Amasa Leland Stanford

Gustav Kirchhoff

Ednah Dow Littlehale Cheney

William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin

• January 7–Julia Kavanagh,Irish novelist (d. 1877)
• January 8–Wilkie Collins,English novelist (d. 1889)
• January 15–Marie Duplessis,French courtesan (d. 1847)
• January 21–Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson,American Confederate general (d. 1863)
• January 26–Emil Czyrniański,Polish chemist (d. 1888)
• February 7–Sir William Huggins,British astronomer (d. 1910)
• February 8–Barnard Elliott Bee, Jr.,American Confederate general (d. 1861)
• February 12–Dayananda Saraswati,Hindu religious leader, Vedic scholar who founded the reform movementArya Samaj(d. 1883)
• February 14–Winfield Scott Hancock,American Civil War Union general, Democratic presidential candidate (d. 1886)
• February 27–Prince Kuni Asahikoof Japan (d. 1891)
• March 2–Bedřich Smetana,Czech composer (d. 1884)
• March 9–Amasa Leland Stanford,American tycoon, industrialist and politician, 8thGovernor of California(d. 1893)
• March 12–Gustav Kirchhoff,German physicist (d. 1887)
• March 19–William Allingham,Irish author (d. 1889)
• March 22–Charles Pfizer,German-American chemist, co-founder ofPfizer(d. 1906)
• March 25–Clinton L. Merriam,American politician (d. 1900)
• March 26–Julie-Victoire Daubié,French journalist (d. 1874)
• March 27–Johann Wilhelm Hittorf,German physicist (d. 1914)
• April 6–George Waterhouse,7th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1906)
• April 7–Edward Jones,trespasser who continually broke intoBuckingham Palace(d. 1895)
• April 13–William Alexander,Anglican bishop, Primate of All Ireland (d. 1911)
• May 3–Pio Siotto,Italian artist, cameo engraver (d.?)
• May 6–Tokugawa Iesada,13thshōgunofTokugawa shogunateof Japan (d. 1858)
• May 9–Jacob ben Moses Bachrach,noted Polish-born apologist of Rabbinic Judaism (d. 1896)
• May 23–Ambrose Burnside,American Civil Wargeneral,inventor,politician fromRhode Island(d. 1881)
• June 7–Bernhard von Gudden,German neuroanatomist, psychiatrist (d. 1886)
• June 8–Arthur von Mohrenheim,Russian diplomat (d. 1906)
• June 20–George Edmund Street,British architect (d. 1881)
• June 26–William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin,Irish-born physicist, engineer (d. 1907)
• June 27–Ednah Dow Littlehale Cheney,American writer, reformer, philanthropist (d. 1904)
• June 28–Paul Broca,French physician, anthropologist (d. 1880)

July–December

Edward Cooper

George MacDonald

• July 1–Casto Méndez Núñez,Spanish admiral (d. 1869)
• July 12–Eugène Boudin,French painter (d. 1898)
• July 19–Horace W. Carpentier,American politician, 1st governor ofOakland, California(d. 1918)
• July 21–Stanley Matthews,American politician,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States(d. 1889)
• July 27–Alexandre Dumas, fils,French writer (d. 1895)
• August 3–William Burnham Woods,Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States(d. 1887)
• August 7–Gideon T. Stewart,American temperance movement leader (d. 1907)
• August 13–John J. Robison,American politician in Michigan (d. 1897)
• August 26–Marie Simon,German nurse (d. 1877)
• September 4
  • Anton Bruckner,Austrian composer (d. 1896)
  • Phoebe Cary,American poet, sister to Alice Cary (1820–1871) (d. 1871)
• September 27–Benjamin Apthorp Gould,American astronomer (d. 1896)
• October 2–Henry C. Lord,American railroad executive (d. 1884)
• October 5–Henry Chadwick,English-born American baseball writer, historian (d. 1908)
• October 18–Juan Valera y Alcalá-Galiano,Spanish author (d. 1905)
• October 26–Edward Cooper,83rdMayor of New York City(d. 1905)
• October 27–Edward Maitland,British writer (d. 1897)
• November 20–Sydenham E. Ancona,American educator, politician and member of theUnited States House of Representativesfrom 1861 to 1867 (d. 1913)
• November 24–Frederick Miller,German-born American brewer, businessman (d. 1888)
• December 10–George MacDonald,Scottish writer (d. 1905)
• December 11–Jonathan Letterman,American surgeon, "Father of Battlefield Medicine" (d. 1872)
• December 14–Pierre Puvis de Chavannes,French painter (d. 1898)
• December 18–Sir John Hall,12th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1907)
• December 27–Charlotta Norberg,Swedish ballerina (d. 1892)

Deaths

January–June

Théodore Géricault

• January 21–Jean-Baptiste Drouet,French revolutionary (b. 1765)
• January 26–Théodore Géricault,French painter (b. 1791)
• January 29–Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern,wife of Charles Edward Stuart (b. 1752)
• February 9–Anne Catherine Emmerich,German Augustinian Canoness, mystic, Marian visionary, ecstatic and stigmatist (b. 1774)
• February 21–Eugène de Beauharnais,son ofJoséphine de Beauharnais(b. 1781)
• April 3–Sally Seymour,American pastry chef and restaurateur
• April 19–George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron,English poet (b. 1788)
• May 15–Johann Philipp Stadion, Count von Warthausen,German statesman (b. 1763)
• May 26–Capel Lofft,English writer (b. 1751)
• May 29–Jean-Baptiste Willermoz,French Freemason (b. 1730)
• June 16–Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance,Third Consul of France (b. 1739)
• June 18–Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany(b. 1769)
• June 21–Étienne Aignan,French writer (b. 1773)

July–December

Louis XVIII of France

• July 14–Kamehameha II,King of Hawaii(b. 1797)
• July 19
  • Agustín de Iturbide,Emperor of Mexico(b. 1783)
  • Alexander Pearce,Irish-born criminal transportee to Van Diemen's Land and cannibal, executed (b. 1790)
• July 20–Maine de Biran,French philosopher (b. 1766)
• July 21–Buddha Loetla Nabhalai(Rama II),King of Siam(Thailand) (b. 1767)
• August 12–Charles Nerinckx,Belgian-born founder of theSisters of Loretto(b. 1761)
• August 24–Valentine Quin, 1st Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl,Irish politician (b. 1752)
• September 16– KingLouis XVIII of France(b. 1755)
• October 13–Sir James Lamb, 1st Baronetof England (b. 1752)
• October 30–Charles Maturin,Irish writer (b. 1773)
• December 5–Anne Louise Boyvin d'Hardancourt Brillon de Jouy,French confidant ofBenjamin Franklin(b. 1744)
• December 21–James Parkinson,English surgeon, apothecary, geologist, palaeontologist and political activist (b. 1755)
• December 23–Pushmataha,chief of theChoctawNation (b. c. 1764)

Dates unknown

• Ali-Qoli Khan Qajar,half-brother ofAgha Mohammad Khan Qajar,the founder of theQajar dynastyofIran(b.c. 1756)