1832–33 United States Senate elections
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16 of the 48 seats in theUnited States Senate(plus special elections) 25 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Results: Jacksonian HoldJacksonian Gain Anti-Jacksonian HoldAnti-Jacksonian Gain Nullifier HoldLegislature Failed To Elect | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1832–33 United States Senate electionswere held on various dates in various states. As theseU.S. Senateelections were prior to the ratification of theSeventeenth Amendmentin 1913, senators were chosen bystate legislatures.Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1832 and 1833, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due tolegislative deadlock.[1]In these elections, terms were up for the senators inClass 1.
TheAnti-Jacksoniancoalition assumed control of the Senate from theJacksoniancoalition, despiteAndrew Jackson's victory in the1832 presidential election.
Change in composition[edit]
Before the elections[edit]
After the January 3, 1832 special election in Indiana.
AJ1 | AJ2 | AJ3 | AJ4 | ||||||
AJ14 | AJ13 | AJ12 | AJ11 | AJ10 | AJ9 | AJ8 | AJ7 | AJ6 | AJ5 |
AJ15 | AJ16 Conn. Ran |
AJ17 Del. Ran |
AJ18 Mass. Ran |
AJ19 R.I. Ran |
AJ20 Maine Retired |
AJ21 Ohio Retired |
AJ22 Vt. Retired |
N1 S.C. Hold |
N2 |
Majority (with VP tie-breaking vote) → | J24 Pa. Retired | ||||||||
J15 | J16 Ind. Ran |
J17 Mo. Ran |
J18 Tenn. Ran |
J19 Va. Ran |
J20 Md. Unknown |
J21 Miss. Unknown |
J22 N.J. Unknown |
J23 N.Y. Unknown | |
J14 | J13 | J12 | J11 | J10 | J9 | J8 | J7 | J6 | J5 |
J1 N.Y. Hold |
J2 Va. Hold |
J3 | J4 |
As a result of the regular elections[edit]
AJ1 | AJ2 | AJ3 | AJ4 | ||||||
AJ14 | AJ13 | AJ12 | AJ11 | AJ10 | AJ9 | AJ8 | AJ7 | AJ6 | AJ5 |
AJ15 | AJ16 Del. Re-elected |
AJ17 Mass. Re-elected |
AJ18 R.I. Re-elected |
AJ19 Conn. Hold |
AJ20 Vt. Hold |
AJ21 Md. Gain |
AJ22 N.J. Gain |
AJ23 Va. Gain |
N1 |
Plurality ↑ | N2 | ||||||||
J15 | J16 Ind. Re-elected |
J17 Mo. Re-elected |
J18 Tenn. Re-elected |
J19 N.Y. Hold |
J20 Maine Gain |
J21 Ohio Gain |
V1 Miss. J Loss |
V2 Pa. J Loss | |
J14 | J13 | J12 | J11 | J10 | J9 | J8 | J7 | J6 | J5 |
J1 | J2 | J3 | J4 |
At the beginning of the first session, December 2, 1833[edit]
AJ1 | AJ2 | AJ3 | AJ4 | ||||||
AJ14 Ala. Gain |
AJ13 | AJ12 | AJ11 | AJ10 | AJ9 | AJ8 | AJ7 | AJ6 | AJ5 |
AJ15 N.C. Gain |
AJ16 | AJ17 | AJ18 | AJ19 | AJ20 | AJ21 | AJ22 | AJ23 | AJ24 |
Majority → | AJ25 | ||||||||
J15 Ga. Hold |
J16 | J17 | J18 | J19 | V1 | N2 S.C. Hold |
N1 | AJ26 Miss. Gain | |
J14 | J13 | J12 | J11 | J10 | J9 | J8 | J7 | J6 | J5 |
J1 | J2 | J3 | J4 |
Key: |
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Race summaries[edit]
Special elections during the 22nd Congress[edit]
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1832 or before March 4, 1833; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Indiana (Class 1) |
Robert Hanna | Anti-Jacksonian | 1831(Appointed) | Interim appointee retired when elected successor qualified. New senator electedJanuary 3, 1832. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. Jacksonian gain. |
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Virginia (Class 2) |
Littleton Waller Tazewell | Jacksonian | 1824(special) 1829 |
Incumbent resigned July 16, 1832. New senator electedDecember 10, 1832. Jacksonian hold. |
|
South Carolina (Class 2) |
Robert Y. Hayne | Nullifier | 1822 1828 |
Incumbent resigned December 13, 1832 to becomeGovernor of South Carolina. New senator electedDecember 29, 1832. Nullifier hold. |
|
New York (Class 3) |
William L. Marcy | Jacksonian | 1831 | Incumbent resigned January 1, 1833 to becomeGovernor of New York. New senatorelectedJanuary 4, 1833. Jacksonian hold. |
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Races leading to the 23rd Congress[edit]
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1833; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Connecticut | Samuel A. Foot | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 | Incumbent lost re-election, and was thenelected to the U.S. House of Representativesinstead. New senator elected in 1832. Anti-Jacksonian hold. |
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Delaware | Arnold Naudain | Anti-Jacksonian | 1830(special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1832. |
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Indiana | John Tipton | Jacksonian | 1832(special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1832. |
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Maine | John Holmes | Anti-Jacksonian | 1820(Short term) 1820(Long term) 1826(Retired or lost) 1829(special) |
Retired. Winner elected January 23, 1833. Jacksonian gain |
|
Maryland | Samuel Smith | Jacksonian | 1802 1809 1815(Lost) 1822(special) 1827 |
Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1833. Anti-Jacksonian gain |
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Massachusetts | Daniel Webster | Anti-Jacksonian | 1827(special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1833. |
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Mississippi | John Black | Jacksonian | 1832(Appointed) | Legislature failed to elect. Jacksonian loss. Incumbent would later be elected as an Anti-Jacksonian, see below. |
[data missing] |
Missouri | Thomas H. Benton | Jacksonian | 1821 1827 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1833. |
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New Jersey | Mahlon Dickerson | Jacksonian | 1817 1823 1829(Resigned) 1829(special) |
Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1833. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
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New York | Charles E. Dudley | Jacksonian | 1829(special) | Incumbent retired. New senatorelectedin 1833. Jacksonian hold. |
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Ohio | Benjamin Ruggles | Anti-Jacksonian | 1815 1821 1827 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1833. Jacksonian gain. |
|
Pennsylvania | George M. Dallas | Jacksonian | 1831(special) | Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Jacksonian loss. |
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Rhode Island | Asher Robbins | Anti-Jacksonian | 1825(special) 1827 |
Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1833. |
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Tennessee | Felix Grundy | Jacksonian | 1829(special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1833. |
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Vermont | Horatio Seymour | Anti-Jacksonian | 1821 1827 |
Incumbent retired torun for Vermont Governor. New senator elected in 1833. Anti-Jacksonian hold. |
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Virginia | John Tyler | Jacksonian | 1827 | Incumbent re-elected as an Anti-Jacksonian in 1833. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
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Elections during the 23rd Congress[edit]
There were two late regular elections and two special elections, in which the winners were seated in 1833 after March 4. They are ordered here by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Georgia (Class 3) |
George Troup | Jacksonian | 1816(special) 1816 1818(Resigned) 1828 |
Incumbent resigned November 8, 1833. Successor electedNovember 21, 1833. Jacksonian hold. |
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Mississippi (Class 1) |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect and the seat was vacant from March 4, 1833. Incumbent Jacksonian appointee was then elected as an Anti-Jacksonian lateNovember 22, 1833. Anti-Jacksonian gain. |
| ||
South Carolina (Class 3) |
Stephen D. Miller | Nullifier | 1830 | Incumbent resigned March 2, 1833 due to ill health. Successor electedNovember 26, 1833. Nullifier hold. |
|
Pennsylvania (Class 1) |
Vacant | Legislature had previously failed to elect. Successorelected lateDecember 7, 1833. Jacksonian gain. |
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Connecticut[edit]
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Delaware[edit]
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Georgia (special)[edit]
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JacksonianGeorge Troupresigned November 8, 1833 and JacksonianJohn Pendleton Kingwas elected November 21, 1833 to finish the term that would end March 3, 1835.
Indiana[edit]
Class 1 Anti-Jacksonian senatorJames Nobledied February 26, 1831, having served in office since statehood in 1816. Anti-JacksonianRobert Hannawas appointed August 19, 1831 to serve until a special election, and Hanna did not run for the seat.
Indiana (special)[edit]
On January 3, 1832, JacksonianJohn Tiptonwas elected to finish Noble's term, ending March 3, 1833.
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Indiana (regular)[edit]
That same day, JacksonianJohn Tiptonwas also elected to the next term, beginning March 4, 1833.
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Maine[edit]
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Maryland[edit]
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80 members of theMaryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
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Joseph Kentwon election overSamuel Smithby a margin of 41.86%, or 36 votes, for the Class 1 seat.[4]
Massachusetts[edit]
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Mississippi[edit]
Jacksonian senatorPowhatan Ellisresigned July 16, 1832 to become a U.S. District Judge. The governor appointed JacksonianJohn Blackto finish the term. But when the term ended March 3, 1833, the legislature had failed to appoint a successor.
Black was eventually elected to the seat November 22, 1833, this time as an Anti-Jacksonian.
Missouri[edit]
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New Jersey[edit]
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New York[edit]
New York (special)[edit]
William L. Marcyhad beenelected in 1831to the class 3 seat. InNovember 1832,Marcy was elected Governor, and upon taking office resigned his Senate seat on January 1, 1833.
On January 4, 1833, Silas Wright Jr. was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate and was declared elected.
Candidate | Party | Senate (32 members) |
Assembly (128 members) |
---|---|---|---|
Silas Wright Jr. | Jacksonian | 24 | 99 |
John C. Spencer | Anti-Mason | 3 | 8 |
James Burt | 1 | 2 | |
Gerrit Smith | 1 | 1 | |
James Kent | 4 | ||
Albert Gallatin | 3 | ||
Gideon Hawley | 3 | ||
John Birdsall | Anti-Mason | 1 | |
Myron Holley | 1 | ||
William Thompson | 1 | ||
Albert H. Tracy | Anti-Mason | 1 | |
Samuel A. Foot | 1 |
New York (regular)[edit]
For the regular election,Nathaniel P. Tallmadgereceived majorities in both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected. Due to the controversy about his eligibility, he received only very small majorities - one more than necessary in the Senate, and four more than necessary in the Assembly - although his party had large majorities in both houses of the Legislature.
House | Jacksonian | Anti-Mason/National Republican | Jacksonian | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State Senate(32 members) | Nathaniel P. Tallmadge | 18 | Francis Granger | 6 | Benjamin F. Butler | 2 |
State Assembly(128 members) | Nathaniel P. Tallmadge | 69 | Francis Granger | 25 | Benjamin F. Butler | 12 |
Ohio[edit]
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Pennsylvania[edit]
The election was held on eleven separate dates from December 1832 to December 1833. On December 7, 1833,Samuel McKeanwas elected by thePennsylvania General Assemblyto theUnited States Senate.[5][6]
The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of theHouse of Representativesand theSenate,convened on December 11, 1832, for the regularly scheduled Senate election for the term beginning on March 4, 1833. A total of thirty-six ballots were recorded. Ballots 1-17 were recorded on four separate dates (11th, 12th, 13th, 15th) in December 1832. Ballots 18-21 were recorded on two separate dates (9th and 10th) in January 1833. Ballots 22-29 were recorded on two separate dates (19th and 20th) in February 1833. The thirtieth ballot was recorded on March 12, 1833, followed by three additional ballots on April 2. Following the thirty-third ballot on April 2, the election convention adjournedsine diewithout electing a Senator.[5]
Upon the expiration of incumbentGeorge M. Dallas's term on March 4, 1833, the seat was vacated. It was vacant until the election convention of the General Assembly re-convened on December 7, 1833, and electedJacksonianSamuel McKeanto the seat after three additional ballots.[6]The results of the third and final ballot (thirty-sixth ballot in total) of both houses combined during the December 7 session are as follows:
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jacksonian | Samuel McKean | 74 | 55.64 | |
Anti-Masonic | William Clark | 28 | 21.05% | |
Jacksonian | Thomas H. Crawford | 19 | 14.29% | |
Jacksonian | James Buchanan | 5 | 3.76% | |
Anti-Jacksonian | Garrick Mallery | 3 | 2.26% | |
Jacksonian | Adam King | 1 | 0.75% | |
N/A | Not voting | 3 | 2.26% | |
Totals | 133 | 100.00% |
Rhode Island[edit]
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South Carolina (special)[edit]
There were two special elections to the U.S. Senate in South Carolina during this cycle.
South Carolina (special, class 2)[edit]
The first election, on December 29, 1832, was to the class 2 seat held by NullifierRobert Y. Hayne,who had resigned December 13, 1832 to becomeGovernor of South Carolina.That election, for the term ending March 3, 1835, was won by NullifierJohn C. Calhoun.
South Carolina (special, class 3)[edit]
The second election, on November 25, 1833, was to the Class 3 seat held by NullifierStephen D. Miller,who had resigned March 2, 1833. That election, for the term ending March 3, 1837, was won by NullifierWilliam C. Preston.
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Tennessee[edit]
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Vermont[edit]
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Virginia[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/WilliamCRives.png/105px-WilliamCRives.png)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/John_Tyler_%28cropped_3x4%29.png/102px-John_Tyler_%28cropped_3x4%29.png)
Virginia (special)[edit]
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Incumbent Jacksonian senatorLittleton Tazewellresigned July 16, 1832 to becomeGovernor of Virginia.On December 10, 1832, JacksonianWilliam C. Riveswas elected to finish the Class 2 seat's term ending March 3, 1837. He would only serve, however, until his February 22, 1834 resignation.
Virginia (regular)[edit]
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Incumbent senator (and future president),John Tylerwas re-elected to the Class 1 seat in 1833, changing from Jacksonian to Anti-Jacksonian.
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^also Anti-Jacksonian
References[edit]
- ^"17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)".National Archives and Records Administration.February 8, 2022.
- ^"Our Campaigns - ME US Senate Race - Jan 17, 1833".www.ourcampaigns.com.June 26, 2019.RetrievedNovember 4,2019.
- ^J. Fred Parker, Secretary of State (1914).Manual, with Rules and Orders, for the use of the General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island, 1914.State of Rhode Island manual. Providence, RI: E. L. Freeman Company, State Printers. p. 149.
- ^"Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 25, 1833".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedNovember 5,2022.
- ^ab"U.S. Senate Election - 1832-33"(PDF).Wilkes University.RetrievedDecember 22,2012.
- ^abc"U.S. Senate Election - 7 December 1833"(PDF).Wilkes University.RetrievedDecember 22,2012.
- ^"PA US Senate".OurCampaigns.RetrievedDecember 22,2012.
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present,via Senate.gov
- The New York Civil Listcompiled in 1858 (see: pg. 63 for U.S. Senators; pg. 129 for State Senators 1833; pg. 213f for Members of Assembly 1833)
- Members of the 23rd United States Congress
- History of Political Parties in the State of New-York, Vol. IIbyJabez Delano Hammond(•State election, 1832 State election: pg. 424; Speaker election, 1833 Speaker election: pg. 430; U.S. Senate election, 1833 Senate election: pg. 432f)
- Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006from theWilkes University Election Statistics Project