1835
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1835 by topic |
|---|
| Humanities |
| By country |
| Other topics |
| Lists of leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Works category |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to1835.
1835(MDCCCXXXV) was acommon year starting on Thursdayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Tuesdayof theJulian calendar,the 1835th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 835th year of the2nd millennium,the 35th year of the19th century,and the 6th year of the1830sdecade. As of the start of 1835, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Events
[edit]January–March
[edit]- January 7–HMSBeagleanchors off theChonos Archipelagoon hersecond voyage,withCharles Darwinon board as naturalist.
- January 8– TheUnited States public debtcontracts to zero, for the only time in history.[1]
- January 24–Malê Revolt:African slaves ofYorubaMuslim origin revolt inSalvador, Bahia.
- January 26
- QueenMaria II of PortugalmarriesAuguste de Beauharnais, 2nd Duke of Leuchtenberg,in Lisbon; he dies only two months later.
- Saint Paul'sinMacaulargely destroyed by fire after atyphoonhits.
- January 30– An assassination is attempted against United States PresidentAndrew Jacksonin theUnited States Capitol(the first assassination attempt against a President of the United States).
- February 1–SlaveryisabolishedinMauritius.
- February 20–1835 Concepción earthquake:Concepción, Chile,is destroyed by an earthquake; the resulting tsunami destroys the neighboring city ofTalcahuano.
- March 2–Ferdinandbecomes Emperor ofAustria.
- March 23– TheAcademia Mexicana de la Lengua(Mexican Academy of Language) is established.
April–June
[edit]- April 18–Lord Melbournesucceeds SirRobert PeelasPrime Minister of the United Kingdom.
- May 5
- Rail transport in Belgium:A railway is opened betweenBrusselsandMechelen,the first in continental Europe.
- Braulio Carrillois sworn in asHead of State of Costa Rica.
- May 8–Hans Christian Andersen'sFairy Tales Told for Children. First Collection.begins publication.
- May 11–Matua,High Priest (taura tupua) of thePolynesianisland ofMangareva,isbaptizedinto theRoman Catholic Church.
- May 13– BritishbarqueNeva,transporting female convicts fromCork, Ireland,to Australia, is wrecked in theBass Straitwith the loss of 224 people and only 15 survivors.[2]
- May 23– The Mexican State ofAguascalientesis formed, by decree ofPresidentSanta Anna.
- June 1–Kingston PenitentiaryinKingston, Ontario,opens.
July–September
[edit]- July–Bertelsmannis founded byCarl Bertelsmannas a religious printer and publisher in Prussia.
- July 14– The universalCatholic Apostolic Churchis organized, initially in the U.K.
- July 25–James Bowman Lindsaydemonstrates a constantelectric lightat a public meeting inDundee, Scotland.[3][4]
- July 28– In Paris, the assassination of KingLouis Philippe Iof France is attempted byGiuseppe Marco Fieschi,using a home-madevolley gun;10 are killed, but the King escapes with a minor wound.
- August–H. Fox Talbotexposes the world's first knownphotographic negatives,atLacock Abbeyin England.[5]
- August 25– In the U.S.,The New York Sunprints the first of six installments of theGreat Moon Hoax.
- August 28– St. Vincent's Ecclesiastical Seminary, a predecessor ofCastleknock College,is founded by theVincentian communityinDublin,Ireland.
- August 30– European settlers, landing on the north banks of theYarra Riverin Victoria, Australia, found the settlement ofMelbourne.
- September 7–Charles Darwinarrives at theGalápagos Islands,aboardHMSBeagle.
- September 19–William Lloyd GarrisonpublishesAngelina Grimké's anti-slavery letter inThe Liberator.
- September 20– TheRagamuffin Warbegins inRio Grande do Sul,Brazil.
October–December
[edit]
- October 2– TheTexas Revolution–Battle of Gonzales:Mexican soldiers attempt to disarm the people ofGonzales, Texas,but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.
- October 3– TheStaedtlerCompany (pencil manufacturers) is founded by J. S. Staedtler inNuremberg,Germany.
- October 28
- TheUnited Tribes of New Zealandis founded atWaitangi,with theDeclaration of the Independence of New Zealand.
- Texas Revolution–Battle of Concepción:TheTexian Armydefeats the Mexicans.
- November 12– Construction is completed on theWilberforce MonumentinKingston Upon Hull.[6]
- November 16–Halley's Cometreachesperihelion,its closest approach to the Sun.
- November 19– A force of 500Māori peopleinvade and enslave the peoples of theChatham Islands.
- November 27– Two London men,James Pratt and John Smith,arehangedin front ofNewgate Prisonin London, after a conviction ofbuggery.They are the last to suffer capital punishment forhomosexual actsin England.[7]
- December 7
- TheBavarian Ludwig Railwayopens betweenNurembergandFürth,with a train hauled by the English-builtDer Adler( "The Eagle"), thefirst railway in Germany.
- Future U.S. PresidentJames K. PolkbecomesSpeaker of the United States House of Representatives.
- December 9– TheArmy of the Republic of TexascapturesSan Antonio.
- December 16–17– TheGreat Fire of New Yorkdestroys 530 buildings, including theNew York Stock Exchange.[8]
- December 20– TheTexas Declaration of Independenceis first signed atGoliad, Texas.
- December 21– TheRaleigh and Gaston Railroadis chartered inRaleigh, North Carolina.[9]
- December 28– United States: TheSecond Seminole Warled byOsceolabreaks out.
- December 29– TheTreaty of New Echotais signed between the United States Government, and members of theCherokee Nation.
Date unknown
[edit]- The BritishEast India Companynegotiates a lease of theDarjeelingarea west of theMahananda River,from theKingdom of Sikkim.[10]
- TheBritish Geological Surveyis founded, as the world's first nationalgeological survey.
- Civil war erupts inUruguay,between supporters of theBlancoandColoradoparties.
- TheCachar Levy,forerunner of theAssam Rifles,is founded in India.
- The firstBulgarian-language school opens in theOttoman Empire.
- The French word for their language changes tofrançais,fromfrançois.
- Fort Cassis established, the military headquarters and site of the largest internment camps during the1838Trail of Tears.
- Charles-Louis HavascreatesHavas,the first news agency in the world (which later spawnsAgence France-Presse).
- English becomes theofficial languageof India.
- Juan Manuel de RosasbecomesCaudilloofArgentina.
- Edward Strutt Abdypublishes hisJournal of a Residence and Tour in the United States of North America: From April, 1833, to October 1834.
- David Straussbegins publication ofDas Leben Jessu, kritisch bearbeitet( "The life of Jesus, critically examined" ) inTübingen.
- The firstEgyptian Museumin Cairo opened.
Births
[edit]January–June
[edit]
- January 14–Emmy Rappe,Swedish nurse pioneer (d.1896)
- February 13–Mirza Ghulam Ahmad,founder of theAhmadiyya Muslim Community(d.1908)
- February 15–Demetrius Vikelas,Greek International Olympic Committee president (d.1908)
- February 18–César Cui,Lithuanian composer (d.1918)
- February 22–Jeannette Walworth,American novelist, journalist (d.1918)
- March 12
- Simon Newcomb,Canadian-American astronomer (d.1909)
- Sigismondo Savona,Maltese educator and politician (d.1908)[11]
- March 14–Giovanni Schiaparelli,Italian astronomer (d.1910)
- March 15–Eduard Strauss,Austrian composer (d.1916)[12]
- March 21–Maria Magdalena Mathsdotter,Swedish Sami educator (d.1873)
- March 24–Josef Stefan,Slovenian physicist, mathematician, and poet (d.1893)
- April 1–James Fisk,American entrepreneur (d.1872)
- April 4–John Hughlings Jackson,English neurologist (d.1911)
- April 9– KingLeopold II of Belgium(d.1909)
- May 3–Alfred Austin,English poet (d.1913)
- May 18–Charles N. Sims,American Methodist preacher, third chancellor ofSyracuse University(d.1908)
- May 21–František Chvostek,Moravian physician (d.1884)
- June 2–Pope Pius X(d.1914)
- June 6–Ștefan Fălcoianu,Romanian general and politician (d.1905)
- June 9–Ramón Barros Luco,15thPresident of Chile(d.1919)
- June 10–Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany,(d.1908)
- June 12–George Atzerodt,conspirator withJohn Wilkes Booth,assigned to assassinateVice PresidentAndrew Johnson(d.1865)
- June 15–Adah Isaacs Menken,American actress (d.1868)
- June 23–Fanny Eaton,Jamaican-born artists model and domestic worker (d.1924)
- June 24–Johannes Wislicenus,German chemist (d.1902)
- June 26–Thomas W. Knox,American author, journalist (d.1896)
July–December
[edit]
- July 6–Sir George White,British field marshal (d.1912)
- July 7–Ernest Giles,Australian explorer (d.1897)
- July 10–Henryk Wieniawski,Polish composer (d.1880)
- July 19–Justo Rufino Barrios,9th President of Guatemala (d.1885)
- July 27–Giosuè Carducci,Italian writer,Nobel Prizelaureate (d.1907)
- July 30–Edmund Francis Dunne,American politician, jurist, and Catholic orator (d.1904)
- July 31–Henri Brisson,2-time prime minister of France (d.1912)
- August 2–Elisha Gray,American inventor, businessman (d.1901)
- August 6–Hjalmar Kiærskou,Danish botanist (d.1900)
- August 19–Tom Wills,Australian cricketer, pioneer of Australian rules football (d.1880)
- August 27–Thomas Burberry,English businessman, inventor (d.1926)
- September 1–Raphael Kalinowski,PolishDiscalced Carmelitefriar, saint (d.1907)
- October 7–Felix Draeseke,German composer (d.1913)
- October 9–Camille Saint-Saëns,French composer (d.1921)
- October 16–William Rufus Shafter,American general (d.1906)
- October 31–Adolf von Baeyer,German chemist,Nobel Prizelaureate (d.1917)
- November 6–Cesare Lombroso,Italian criminologist (d.1909)
- November 17–Andrew L. Harris,American Civil War hero, Governor of Ohio (d.1915)
- November 19–Matilda Carse,Irish-born American businesswoman, social reformer (d.1917)
- November 21–Rose Eytinge,American actress (d.1911)
- November 25
- Andrew Carnegie,American industrialist, philanthropist (d.1919)[13]
- Arthur Sewall,American politician, industrialist (d.1900)
- November 29–Empress Dowager Cixiof China (d.1908)[14]
- November 30–Mark Twain,American author, humorist (d.1910)[15]
- December 4–Samuel Butler,English writer (d.1902)
- December 6–Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig,German chemist (d.1910)
- December 17–Alexander Emanuel Agassiz,American scientist (d. 1910)
- December 18–Lyman Abbott,American clergyman, author (d.1922)
- December 28–Sir Archibald Geikie,Scottish geologist (d.1924)
Deaths
[edit]January–June
[edit]
- January 1–Mátyás Godina,Slovene Lutheran pastor, writer, and teacher (b.1768)
- February 8–Guillaume Dupuytren,French anatomist, military surgeon (b.1777)
- February 15
- Nathan Dane,American politician (b.1752)
- Henry Hunt,British politician (b.1773)
- March 2–Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor(b.1768)
- March 18–Christian Günther von Bernstorff,Danish, Prussian statesman, diplomat (b.1769)
- March 28–Auguste de Beauharnais,Prince consortof QueenMaria II of Portugal(b.1810)
- March 30–Richard Sharp,English hat-maker, banker, merchant, poet, critic, Member of Parliament, and conversationalist
- April 1–Józef Zeydlitz,Polish military leader (b.1755)
- April 8–Wilhelm von Humboldt,German linguist, philosopher (b.1767)[16]
- April 10–Magdalene of Canossa,Italian Catholic religious professed, saint (b.1774)
- April 21–Samuel Slater,American industrialist (b.1768)
- May 8–Francisca Zubiaga y Bernales,first lady of Peru, controversial socialite (b.1803)
- May 13–John Nash,English architect (b.1752)
- June 18–William Cobbett,English journalist, author (b.1763)
- June 24–Andreas Vokos Miaoulis,Greek admiral (b.1768)
- June 25–Ebenezer Pemberton,American educator (b.1746)
July–December
[edit]- July 6–John Marshall,influential AmericanChief Justice of the United States Supreme Court(b.1755)
- July 15–Izabela Czartoryska,Polish magnate princess (b.1746)
- July 28–Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise,French marshal (b.1768)
- August 18–Friedrich Stromeyer,Germanchemist(born 1776)[17]
- September 23
- Georg Adlersparre,Swedish military leader (b.1760)
- Vincenzo Bellini,Italian composer (b.1801)
- November 14–James Freeman,first American clergyman to call himself a Unitarian (b.1759)
- November 20–Joseph von Baader,German railway pioneer (b.1763)
- November 29– PrincessCatharina of Württemberg,wife ofJérôme Bonaparte(b.1783)
- December 13–John Storm,American Revolutionarysoldier (b.1760)
- December 17–Pierre Louis Roederer,French politician, economist, and historian (b.1754)
- December 22–David Hosack,American physician and educator, attending doctor at the Hamilton-Burr duel (b.1769)
Unknown
[edit]- Sally Hemings– American-born slave, concubine toThomas Jefferson(b. c.1773)
- Ishak Efendi– Ottoman engineer, translator (b. c.1774)
References
[edit]- ^"Public debt history".www.publicdebt.treas.gov. Archived fromthe originalon March 6, 2016.RetrievedJanuary 8,2010.
- ^Bateson, Charles (1959).The Convict Ships, 1787–1868.Glasgow: Brown, Son & Ferguson.OCLC3778075.
- ^Challoner, Jack; et al. (2009).1001 Inventions That Changed The World.Hauppauge NY: Barrons Educational Series. p. 305.ISBN978-1844036110.
- ^"James Bowman Lindsay - Local History Centre, Leisure and Culture Dundee".Leisure and Culture Dundee.RetrievedSeptember 2,2024.
- ^Robertson, Patrick (1974).The Shell Book of Firsts.London: Ebury Press. pp. 127–8.ISBN0-7181-1279-2.
- ^"Wilberforce Monument, Non Civil Parish - 1283041".Historic England.Archivedfrom the original on June 29, 2017.RetrievedOctober 1,2021.
- ^Cook, Matt; Mills, Robert; Trumback, Randolph; Cocks, Harry (2007).A Gay History of Britain: Love and Sex Between Men Since the Middle Ages.Greenwood World Publishing.p. 109.ISBN978-1846450020.
- ^"Fires, Great", inThe Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance,Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p76
- ^"Railroads — prior to the Civil War".North Carolina Business History.2006. Archived fromthe originalon July 26, 2011.RetrievedDecember 2,2011.
- ^Dasgupta, Atis (1999). "Ethnic Problems and Movements for Autonomy in Darjeeling".Social Scientist.27(11–12): 47–68.doi:10.2307/3518047.JSTOR3518047.
- ^Schiavone, Michael J. (2009).Dictionary of Maltese Biographies Vol. II G–Z.Pietà:Pubblikazzjonijiet Indipendenza. pp. 1414–1415.ISBN9789993291329.
- ^Randel, Don Michael (October 30, 2002).The Harvard Concise Dictionary of Music and Musicians.Harvard University Press. p. 866.ISBN978-0-674-25572-2.
- ^"Andrew Carnegie: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland".www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk.RetrievedJanuary 8,2020.
- ^"Cixi | Biography & Facts".Encyclopedia Britannica.RetrievedJanuary 8,2020.
- ^"Mark Twain | Biography & Facts".Encyclopedia Britannica.RetrievedNovember 30,2020.
- ^Doerig, Detmar (2008)."Humboldt, Wilhelm von (1767–1835)".InHamowy, Ronald(ed.).The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage;Cato Institute.pp. 229–230.doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n141.ISBN978-1412965804.
- ^Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002(PDF).The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006.ISBN0-902-198-84-X.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on March 4, 2016.RetrievedOctober 3,2018.