1849

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century 19th century 20th century
Decades:	1820s 1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s
Years:	1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852

1849 in variouscalendars

Gregorian calendar	1849 MDCCCXLIX
Ab urbe condita	2602
Armenian calendar	1298 ԹՎ ՌՄՂԸ
Assyrian calendar	6599
Baháʼí calendar	5–6
Balinese saka calendar	1770–1771
Bengali calendar	1256
Berber calendar	2799
British Regnal year	12Vict. 1– 13Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar	2393
Burmese calendar	1211
Byzantine calendar	7357–7358
Chinese calendar	Mậu thânNiên (EarthMonkey) 4546 or 4339 — to — Kỷ dậu niên (EarthRooster) 4547 or 4340
Coptic calendar	1565–1566
Discordian calendar	3015
Ethiopian calendar	1841–1842
Hebrew calendar	5609–5610
Hindu calendars
-Vikram Samvat	1905–1906
-Shaka Samvat	1770–1771
-Kali Yuga	4949–4950
Holocene calendar	11849
Igbo calendar	849–850
Iranian calendar	1227–1228
Islamic calendar	1265–1266
Japanese calendar	Kaei2 ( gia vĩnh ２ niên )
Javanese calendar	1777–1778
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar	4182
Minguo calendar	63 beforeROC Dân tiền 63 niên
Nanakshahi calendar	381
Thai solar calendar	2391–2392
Tibetan calendar	Dương thổ hầu niên (male Earth-Monkey) 1975 or 1594 or 822 — to — Âm thổ kê niên (female Earth-Rooster) 1976 or 1595 or 823

March 22:Battle of Novara (1849)

1849(MDCCCXLIX) was acommon year starting on Mondayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Saturdayof theJulian calendar,the 1849th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 849th year of the2nd millennium,the 49th year of the19th century,and the 10th and last year of the1840sdecade. As of the start of 1849, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

January–March

• January 1– France begins issue of theCeres series,the nation's firstpostage stamps.
• January 5–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:The Austrian army, led byAlfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz,enters in the Hungarian capitals,BudaandPest.The Hungarian government and parliament flee toDebrecen.
• January 8–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:Romanianarmed groups massacre 600 unarmed Hungarian civilians, atNagyenyed.
• January 13
  • Second Anglo-Sikh War– Battle of Tooele: British forces retreat from the Sikhs.
  • TheColony of Vancouver Islandis established.
• January 21
  • General elections are held in thePapal States.
  • Hungarian Revolution of 1848:Nagyszeben– The Hungarian army inTransylvania,led byJosef Bem,is defeated by theAustrians,led by Anton Puchner.
• January 23–Elizabeth Blackwellis awarded her M.D. by the Medical Institute ofGeneva, New York,thus becoming the United States' first woman doctor.
• January 27
  • TheFayetteville and Western Plank RoadCompany is incorporated, to build a plank road fromFayettevilletoBethania, North Carolina.
  • TheNorth Carolina General Assemblyincorporates theNorth Carolina Railroad,to complete a rail line fromGoldsborothroughRaleigh,andSalisburytoCharlotte.
• February 1– The abolition of theCorn Lawsby the United Kingdom's Importation Act1846comes fully into effect.
• February 2– TheTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgois signed, ending theMexican–American War(effective on exchange of ratifications, May 30; proclaimed July 4).
• February 4–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:Battle of Vízakna– The Austrian army, led by Anton Puchner, defeats the Hungarians, led by generalJosef Bem.
• February 5–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:The Hungarian revolutionary army, led byRichard Guyon,breaks through the pass ofBranyiszkó,defeating the Austrian defenders.
• February 8– The newRoman Republicis proclaimed.
• February 9–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:Battle of Piski–Josef Bem's Hungarian army defeats Anton Puchner.
• February 14– In New York City,James Knox Polkbecomes the first President of the United States to have his photograph taken.
• February 21–Second Anglo-Sikh War:Battle of Gujrat– Forces of the BritishEast India Companydefeat those of theSikh EmpireinPunjab.
• February 27–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:Battle of Kápolna– The Austrians defeat the Hungarians.
• February 28– Regularsteamboatservice from the west to the east coast of the United States begins, with the arrival of theSSCaliforniainSan Francisco Bay.TheCalifornialeavesNew York HarboronOctober 6,1848,roundsCape Hornat the tip of South America, and arrives atSan Franciscoafter the 4-month, 21-day journey.
• March– TheFrankfurt Parliamentcompletes its drafting of a liberal constitution, and electsFrederick William IVemperor of the new German national state.
• March 3
  • TheUnited States Department of the Interioris established, incorporating theCensus Office,United States General Land Office,Office of Indian AffairsandPatent and Trademark Office.
  • Minnesotabecomes aUnited States territory.
  • TheUnited States Congresspasses theGold Coinage Actallowing the minting of two additional denominations ofgoldcoins,thegold dollarand thedouble eagle.
• March 4
  • Zachary Taylorbecomes the 12th president of the United States, but refuses to be sworn into office on aSunday.Urban legendholds thatDavid Rice Atchison,President pro tempore of the United States Senate,is Presidentde jurefor a single day.
  • Hungarian Revolution of 1848:The Habsburg emperorFranz Joseph I of Austriapromulgates atOlomouctheMarch Constitution of Austria,which abolishes theApril Lawspromulgated by the Hungarian Batthyány-govern, and degrades Hungary to a simple Austrian province.
• March 5
  • Hungarian Revolution of 1848–Second Battle of Szolnok:The Hungarians led byJános DamjanichandKároly Vécseydefeat the Austrians.
  • PresidentZachary Taylorissworn in.
• March 11–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:The Hungarian army ofTransylvania,under generalJosef Bem,defeats the Russian-Austrian army atSecond Battle of Nagyszeben,capturing the city which is the headquarters of Austrian general Anton Puchner. Most of Transylvania is liberated from the Austrian rule. The Austrian and the Russian troops flee toWallachia.
• March 22–23–First Italian War of Independence:Battle of Novara– TheKingdom of Sardiniasuffers a huge defeat, andCharles Albertabdicates.
• March 28– Four Christians are ordered to be burnt alive inAntananarivo,Madagascar,by QueenRanavalona I,and 14 others are executed.
• March 30– TheSecond Anglo-Sikh Warends, with the United Kingdom annexing thePunjab.
• March 30–Maharaja Duleep Singhis exiled to England.

April–June

• April 1
  • After10 days,the insurrection inBresciais ended byAustriantroops.
  • Hungarian Revolution of 1848:The Hungarian Revolutionary Army, under the leadership ofArthur Görgey,starts the victoriousSpring Campaign,which leads to the liberation of much of Hungary from theAustrianforces.
• April 2
  • TheGerman revolutions of 1848–49end in failure, as King Frederick William IV of Prussia refuses to accept the offer of the Frankfurt National Assembly, to be crowned as German emperor.
  • Hungarian Revolution of 1848–Battle of Hatvan:The Hungarian revolutionary army, under the command ofAndrás Gáspár,defeats theAustrians,led by generalFranz Schlik.
• April 4–Hungarian Revolution of 1848–Battle of Tápióbicske:Hungarian forces, under the generalsGyörgy KlapkaandJános Damjanich,defeat the Austrian-Croatian army, led byFranz SchlikandJosip Jelačić.
• April 6–Hungarian Revolution of 1848–Battle of Isaszeg:The main Hungarian forces, led byArthur Görgey,defeat the main imperial forces, led byAlfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz,forcing them to retreat westward.
• April 10–Hungarian Revolution of 1848–Battle of Vác:The Hungarians, led byJános Damjanich,defeat the Austrians, led by Christian Götz, who dies after the battle due to his injuries.
• April 12
  • Hungarian Revolution of 1848:Because of his series of defeats suffered from the Hungarian army,Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätzis released from the supreme command of the Austrian forces in Hungary, and replaced byLudwig von Welden.
  • AstronomerAnnibale de Gasparisdiscovers the asteroid10 Hygiea.
• April 14–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:The Hungarian revolutionary parliament inDebrecendeclares independencefrom theHabsburg Empire.
• April 19–Hungarian Revolution of 1848–Battle of Nagysalló:The Hungarian revolutionary army, led byGyörgy KlapkaandJános Damjanich,defeat the Austrian army, led by Lt. Gen.Ludwig von Wohlgemuth.
• April 21
  • Great Famine (Ireland):96 inmates of the overcrowdedBallinrobeUnion Workhouse died over the course of the preceding week from illness and other famine-related conditions, a record high.
  • The Austrian government asks Russian help against theHungarian Revolution.TsarNicholas I of Russiaagrees to send troops against Hungary.
• April 22– The firstKennedyarrives in America.
• April 25–James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin,theGovernor General of Canada,signs theRebellion Losses Bill,outragingMontreal'sEnglishpopulation and triggering theMontreal Riots.
• April 26–Hungarian Revolution of 1848–Battle of Komárom:Hungarian forces relieve the city and castle with the same name from a long Austrian siege. The Austrian imperial forces and theirCroatian,RomanianandSerbianallies are chased out from Hungary, or near the borders of the country.
• April 27–Giuseppe Garibaldienters Rome, to defend it from the French troops of GeneralCharles Oudinot.
• May– TheSecond Carlist Warends in Spain.
• May 2–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:A new independent Hungarian government, led byBertalan Szemere,is formed. The head of state of Hungary becomesLajos Kossuth,as governor president.
• May 3
  • TheMay Uprising in Dresden,last of theGerman revolutions of 1848–49,begins.Richard Wagneris among the participants.
  • TheMississippi Riverlevee atSauvé's Crevassebreaks, flooding much ofNew Orleans.
• May 9– TheMay Uprising in Dresdenis suppressed by theKingdom of Saxony.
• May 10– TheAstor Place Riottakes place inManhattan,over a dispute between two Shakespearean actors; over 20 people are killed when troops fire on the rioters.
• May 15– Troops of theKingdom of the Two SiciliestakePalermo,and crush therepublican governmentofSicily.
• May 17– TheSt. Louis Firestarts when asteamboatcatches fire and nearly burns down the entire city.
• May 21–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:The Hungarian army, led byArthur Görgey,captures theCastle of Buda,liberating the Hungarian capital city completely. The leader of the defending Austrian forces, GeneralHeinrich Hentzi,dies because of his injuries. The Hungarian government moves back fromDebrecentoBudapest.
• May 30–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:Julius Jacob von HaynaureplacesLudwig von Weldenas leader of the Austrian forces in Hungary, because of the failure of the latter to stop the advance of the Hungarian forces.
• June 5
  • Denmarkbecomes aconstitutional monarchy.
  • Hungarian Revolution of 1848:The first Russian troops, led by Lieutenant General Fyodor Sergeyevich Panyutin, who come in the aid of theHabsburgs,cross the Hungarian border atPozsony,in order to crush the Hungarian revolution.
• June 6– The settlement ofFort Worth, Texas,is founded.
• June 17–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:The main Russian forces, led byIvan Paskevich,cross the Hungarian border, and together with the Austrian troops, led byJulius Jacob von Haynau,start the final attack against theHungarian Revolution.Now the Hungarian revolutionary troops, numbering 173,000 soldiers, which even before the Russian attack were in inferiority regarding their numbers, and the quality of their weapons and war industry, face a force of 370,000 Austro-Russian forces,and other tens of thousands of Croatian, Serbian and Romanian insurgents, who serve the Habsburg imperial interests.
• June 20–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:Russian troops, under the command ofAlexander von Lüders,break inTransylvania,and, together with the Austrian forces, start to operate against the Hungarian troops, led byJózef Bem.
• June 21–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:The Russo-Austrian army, led byJulius Jacob von Haynau,defeats the Hungarians under the command ofArthur Görgeyin theBattle of Pered.
• June 28–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:The Austrian army, led byJulius Jacob von Haynau,defeats the Hungarians, led byErnő Poeltenberg,in theBattle of Győr.The Hungarian army is forced to retreat towardsBudapest.

July–September

• July 2–Hungarian Revolution of 1848–Second Battle of Komárom:The Hungarian army, led byArthur Görgey,repulses the combined attack of the Austrian and Russian troops led byJulius Jacob von Haynau.During the battle Görgey suffers a heavy head injury, which prevents him from taking advantage of this success.
• July 3– French troops occupy Rome; theRoman Republicsurrenders.
• July 6–Battle of Fredericia:The Danish Army beats thePrussianarmy atFredericia,Jutland,thereby putting an end to the Prussian-Danish War until1864.
• July 11–Hungarian Revolution of 1848–Third Battle of Komárom:The Hungarian army, led byArthur Görgey,is defeated by the Austrians, led byJulius Jacob von Haynau.
• July 13–Charleston Workhouse Slave Rebellion:A slave uprising led by Nicholas Kelly took place at the Workhouse inCharleston, South Carolina;the white community quickly suppressed the revolt, captured 37 freedom seekers, and tried and hanged 3 of the leaders.
• July 14
  • Hungarian Revolution of 1848:Because of the imminent Austrian attack, the Hungarian government moves fromBudapesttoSzeged.
  • Hungarian Revolution of 1848:Hungarian troops, led byRichard Guyon,defeat theCroatian-Austrian army led byJosip Jelačićin theBattle of Kishegyes,securing southern Hungary for the revolutionary government.
• July 17–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:Hungarians, led byArthur Görgey,and the Russians, led byIvan Paskevich,battle indecisively in theSecond Battle of Vác.The Russians are unsuccessful in destroying the Hungarian army, which retreats towards the east.
• July 23– The French scientistHippolyte Fizeaumeasures thespeed of light,with an instrument placed on the Earth.
• July 28–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:The Hungarian government, led byBertalan Szemerepromulgates the Nationality Law, which gives important rights to the nationalities of Hungary, like the right to use their mother tongue in school, church, army, court and administration. TheRomaniansare declared a nation, and not a minority, inTransylvania.TheJewsreceive equality thanks to the Emancipation Decree.
• July 31–Hungarian Revolution of 1848–Battle of Segesvár:The Russian troops inTransylvania,led byAlexander von Lüders,crush the Hungarian forces, under the lead ofJózef Bem.Hungarian poet and revolutionarySándor Petőfiis killed in the battle by the Russians.
• July 31–August 1–Joven Danielwrecks at the coast ofAraucanía,Chile, leading to allegations that localMapuchetribes murdered survivors and kidnappedElisa Bravo.
• August 2–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:The Russian main forces, underIvan Paskevich,defeat the Hungarian army underJózsef Nagysándor,in theBattle of Debrecen.
• August 3–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:The Hungarian defenders ofKomárom,led byGyörgy Klapka,destroy the besieging Austrian forces in theFourth Battle of Komárom,liberatingGyőrandSzékesfehérvár.But this victory comes too late to change the course of military events in the eastern part of the country, where the Hungarian forces are about to crumble under the heavy Austro-Russian pressure.
• August 5–Hungarian Revolution of 1848–Battle of Szőreg:Austrian forces, underJulius Jacob von Haynau,defeat the Hungarian main forces underHenryk Dembiński.
• August 9–Hungarian Revolution of 1848–Battle of Temesvár:The main Russo-Austrian forces, led byJulius Jacob von Haynau,win a decisive victory against theHungarians,led byJózef Bem.
• August 11–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:Lajos Kossuthand the Hungarian Government ofBertalan Szemereresign, and give all powers to the hands ofArthur Görgey.After this Kossuth, the ministries and many military officers leave Hungary, and ask asylum in Turkey.
• August 13–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:The main Hungarian army, under the lead ofArthur Görgey,capitulates to the Russian troops, led byTheodor von Rüdiger,atVilágos.The official end of theHungarian Revolution,although the fortress of Komárom continue to resist.
• August 23–William Ernest Henley,English poet, writer, critic (d.1903)
• August 28–Venice(theRepublic of San Marco) surrenders to Austrian troops after a 4-month siege.
• September 1– The first segment of thePennsylvania Railroad,fromLewistowntoHarrisburg,opens for service.
• September 17– African-American abolitionistHarriet Tubmanescapes from slavery.

October–December

• October 4–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:Komárom,the last bastion of the Hungarian Revolution, surrenders to the Austrian forces.
• October 6–Hungarian Revolution of 1848:The 13 Martyrs of Aradare executed after the Hungarian War of Independence, in repression by the Austrian authorities led byJulius Jacob von Haynau(these martyrs being the generals of the Hungarian revolutionary army, who did not flee from Hungary after the suppression of the Hungarian revolution by the Russo-Austrian forces). Also today,Lajos Batthyány,the first Hungarianprime minister,is executed by Austrian authorities inPest.
• November–Austin Collegereceives a charter inHuntsville, Texas.
• November 13
  • TheConstitution of Californiais ratified in a general election.
  • Swiss-bornMarie Manningand her husband Frederick are publicly hanged for the murder of her lover in London, before a crowd of 30,000-50,000.
• November 16– A Russian court sentencesFyodor Dostoyevskyto death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group, thePetrashevsky Circle.Facing a firing squad onDecember 23,the group members are reprieved at the last moment, and exiled to thekatorgaprison camps inSiberia.
• December 3
  • German missionariesJohann Ludwig KrapfandJohannes Rebmannbecome the first Europeans to seeMount Kenya.
  • TheAbgeordnetenhaus,lower house of the parliament of theKingdom of Bavaria,passes a bill granting German Jews the same legal rights as German Christians.The measure draws a strong reaction from Christians across Bavaria, who sign petitions urging the upper house to prevent the equal rights measure from becoming law.
• December 22– After 17 days of deadlock and 63 votes, DemocratHowell Cobbof Georgia is electedSpeaker of the United States House of Representatives,by a plurality of 102 votes to 99 for the former Speaker, the Whig Party'sRobert C. Winthropof Massachusetts. Neither the Democrats nor the Whigs have a majority of the 230 seats in the House, and after neither candidate can obtain the required 116 votes, the Representatives agree that the plurality will decide the leadership.

Date unknown

• Seven of the "best known"opium clippersgo missing:Sylph,Coquette,Kelpie,Greyhound,Don Juan,Mischief,andAnna Eliza.
• GlobalhealthcareandpharmaceuticalcompanyPfizerfounded inNew York,United States.

Births

January–June

Edmund Barton

Aleksander Świętochowski

August Strindberg

Oscar Hertwig

Lord Randolph Churchill

Alfred von Tirpitz

Bernhard von Bülow

Empress Shōken

• January 8–Stepan Makarov,Russian admiral (d.1904)
• January 9–John Hartley,English tennis player, double winner of Wimbledon (d.1935)
• January 11–Ignacio Pinazo Camarlench,Spanish impressionist painter (d.1916)
• January 14–James Moore,English winner of the first ever cycle race (d.1935)
• January 18
  • Aleksander Świętochowski,Polish writer of the Positivist period (d.1938)
  • Sir Edmund Barton,1stPrime Minister of Australia(d.1920)
• January 22–August Strindberg,Swedish author, playwright, and painter (d.1912)
• February 13–Lord Randolph Churchill,British statesman (d.1895)
• February 18–Alexander Kielland,Norwegian author (d.1906)
• February 19–Giovanni Passannante,Italian anarchist (d.1910)
• March 6–Georg Luger,Austrian firearm designer (d.1923)
• March 7–Luther Burbank,American biologist, botanist (d.1926)
• March 19–Alfred von Tirpitz,German admiral (d.1930)
• March 24–Franz S. Exner,Austrian physicist (d.1926)
• April 6–John William Waterhouse,Italian-born British artist (d.1917)
• April 20–Nikolai Nebogatov,Russian admiral (d.1922)
• April 21–Oscar Hertwig,German zoologist (d.1922)
• April 24
  • Emma Whitcomb Babcock,American litterateur and author (d.1926)
  • Helen Taggart Clark,American journalist and poet (d.1918))
  • Joseph Gallieni,French general (d.1916)
• April 25–Felix Klein,German mathematician (d.1925)
• April 28–Augusto Aubry,Italian admiral, politician (d.1912)
• May 1–Kamimura Hikonojō,Japanese admiral (d.1916)
• May 3
  • Bertha Benz,German automotive pioneer (d.1944)
  • Bernhard von Bülow,8thChancellor of Germany(d.1929)
• May 9–Empress Shōken,consort ofEmperor Meiji of Japan(d.1914)
• May 19–John Hubbard,American admiral (d.1932)
• May 22
  • Louis Perrier,member of theSwiss Federal Council(d.1913)
  • Sir Aston Webb,British architect (d.1930)
• May 23–Károly Khuen-Héderváry,2-time prime minister of Hungary (d.1918)
• May 27–Alzina Stevens,American labor leader, social reformer, and editor (d.1900)
• June 9–Michael Ancher,Danish painter (d.1927)
• June 29–Pedro Montt,14th president of Chile (d.1910)

July–December

Emma Lazarus

Maurice Barrymore

Sarah Orne Jewett

Ivan Pavlov

James Whitcomb Riley

Georg Frobenius

Frances Hodgson Burnett

• July 4
  • Fernand de Langle de Cary,French general (d.1927)
  • Vladimir Vasilyevich Smirnov,Russian general (d.1918)
• July 22–Emma Lazarus,American author and activist (d.1887)
• July 29
  • Max Nordau,Austrian author, philosopher andZionistleader (d.1923)
  • Edward Theodore Compton,English-German painter and mountain climber (d.1921)

• August 28–Benjamin Godard,French composer (d.1895)
• September 2–Emma Curtis Hopkins,American spiritual writer (d.1925)
• September 3–Sarah Orne Jewett,American writer (d.1909)
• September 11–Sir Edmund Poë,British admiral (d.1921)
• September 12–Alexander von Krobatin,Austro-Hungarian field marshal and politician (d.1933)
• September 14–Ivan Pavlov,Russian physiologist, recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine(d.1936)
• September 18–Martha Place,American murderer, first woman executed in theelectric chair(d.1899)
• September 21–Maurice Barrymore,British-American stage actor, playwright (d.1905)
• September 23–Hugo von Seeliger,German astronomer (d.1924)
• October 7–James Whitcomb Riley,American poet and author (d.1916)
• October 10–Mary Baker McQuesten,Canadian letter writer and missionary (d.1934)
• October 26–Ferdinand Georg Frobenius,German mathematician (d.1917)
• October 28–Oskar Enkvist,Russian admiral (d.1912)
• October 31–Marie Louise Andrews,American author and editor (d.1891)
• November 24–Frances Hodgson Burnett,English-American playwright, author (d.1924)
• November 29–Sir Ambrose Fleming,English electrical engineer, inventor (d.1945)
• December 5–Eduard Seler,Prussian scholar, Mesoamericanist (d.1922)
• December 6–August von Mackensen,German field marshal (d.1945)
• December 7–Saionji Kinmochi,Japanese prince and prime minister (d.1940)
• December 12–William Kissam Vanderbilt,American railway magnate (d.1920)
• December 18–Laura M. Johns,American suffragist, journalist (d.1935)
• December 19–Henry Clay Frick,American industrialist, art collector (d.1919)
• December 20
  • John W. Kern,American politician (d.1917)
  • Raymond P. Rodgers,American admiral (d.1925)
• December 25–Nogi Maresuke,Japanese general (d.1912)

Date unknown

• Muhammad Abduh,Islamic reformer (d.1905)
• Elisabeth Cavazza,American author, journalist, and music critic (d.1926)
• Harriet Abbott Lincoln Coolidge,American philanthropist, author and reformer (d.1902)
• Ellen Eglin,American inventor
• Pavlos Karolidis,Greek historian (d.1930)
• Aleksandr Loran,Russian inventor (d.1911)
• Euphemia Wilson Pitblado,American activist, social reformer, and writer (d.1928)

Deaths

January–June

Maria Edgeworth

• January 14–Pierre Roch Jurien de La Gravière,French admiral (b.1772)
• January 18–Panoutsos Notaras,Greek politician (b.1752)
• January 30–Jonathan Alder,American settler (b.1773)
• February 8–France Prešeren,Slovenian poet (b.1800)
• February 28–Regina von Siebold,German physician,obstetrician(b.1771)
• March 14– KingWillem II of the Netherlands(b.1792)
• March 15–Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti,Italian Catholic cardinal, linguist (b.1774)
• March 18–Antonin Moine,French sculptor (b.1796)
• March 20–James Justinian Morier,British diplomat, author (b.1780)
• March 24–Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner,German chemist (b.1780)
• April 11–Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros,Argentine statesman, priest (b. 1777)
• May 10–Hokusai,Japanese Ukiyo-e Artist (b. 1760)
• May 11
  • Juliette Récamier,French socialite (b.1777)
  • Otto Nicolai,German composer, conductor (b.1810)
• May 22–Maria Edgeworth,Irish novelist(b.1767)
• May 25–Benjamin D'Urban,British general, colonial administrator (b.1777)
• May 28–Anne Brontë,English author (b.1820)
• June 10–Thomas Robert Bugeaud,Marshal of France,duke of Isly (b.1784)
• June 15–James Knox Polk,53, 11th president of the United States (b.1795)

July–December

Edgar Allan Poe

Frédéric Chopin

• July 12–Dolley Madison,81,First Lady of the United States(b.1768)
• July 28– KingCharles Albert of Sardinia(b.1798)
• July 31–Sándor Petőfi,Hungarian poet (b.1823)
• August 1–José de Urrea,Mexican General (b.1797)
• August 2–Muhammad Ali of Egypt(b.1769)
• August 23–Edward HicksAmerican folk artist (b.1780)
• September 4–Friedrich Laun,German novelist (b.1770)
• September 6–Andreas Joseph Hofmann,German philosopher and revolutionary (b.1752)
• September 7–Mariano Paredes,Mexican President and General
• September 23–Mary Elizabeth Lee,American writer (b.1813)
• September 25–Johann Strauss, Senior,Austrian composer (b.1804)
• October 6–Lajos Batthyány,Hungarian statesman (executed) (b.1807)
• October 7–Edgar Allan Poe,American writer (b.1809)
• October 17–Frédéric Chopin,Polish-French musician, composer (b.1810)
• October 22–William Miller,American Baptist preacher, leader of the Second Advent Movement (b.1782)
• December 2–Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen,queen ofWilliam IV of the United Kingdom(b.1792)

Date unknown

• Cynthia Taggart,American poet (b.1801)
• Mupitsukupʉ (Old Owl),Comanche Civil Chief