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1884 United States House of Representatives elections

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1884 United States House of Representatives elections

1882 November 4, 1884[a] 1886

All 325 seats in theUnited States House of Representatives
163 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party
Leader John G. Carlisle Thomas Brackett Reed
Party Democratic Republican
Leader's seat Kentucky 6th Maine 1st
Last election 196 seats 117 seats
Seats won 182[1][b] 141[1][b]
Seat change Decrease14 Increase24
Popular vote 4,954,599 4,665,184
Percentage 50.05% 47.13%
Swing Increase1.15% Increase5.52%

Third party Fourth party
Party Greenback Independent
Last election 2 seats 5 seats[c]
Seats won 1[1][b] 1[d]
Seat change Decrease1 Decrease4
Popular vote 105,668 78,972
Percentage 1.07% 0.80%
Swing Decrease1.99% Decrease2.68%

Elections results from the 1884 elections

Speakerbefore election

John G. Carlisle
Democratic

ElectedSpeaker

John G. Carlisle
Democratic

The1884 United States House of Representatives electionswere held for the most part on November 4, 1884, with four states holding theirs early between June and October. They coincided with the election ofPresidentGrover Cleveland.Elections were held for 325 seats of theUnited States House of Representatives,representing 38 states, to serve in the49th United States Congress.Special elections were also held throughout the year.

In spite of Cleveland's victory, the oppositionRepublican Partygained back some of the seats lost in 1882, but theDemocratic Partyretained a majority in the House. Republicans were able to make these slight gains by connecting their pro-business and industry message with progress. The Democrats were also hindered by thePanic of 1884,but were not greatly affected by it since the depression ended quickly.

Election summaries[edit]

183 1 141
Democratic [e] Republican
State Type Total
seats
Democratic Republican Others
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Alabama District 8 8 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Arkansas District[f] 5 5 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
California District[f] 6 1 Decrease5 5 Increase5 0 Steady
Colorado At-large 1 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Connecticut District 4 2 Decrease1 2 Increase1 0 Steady
Delaware At-large 1 1 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Florida District 2 2 Increase1 0 Decrease1 0 Steady
Georgia District[f] 10 10 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Illinois District 20 10 Increase1 10 Decrease1 0 Steady
Indiana District 13 9 Steady 4 Steady 0 Steady
Iowa District 11 3 Increase1 7 Decrease1 1[g] Steady
Kansas District[f] 7 0 Steady 7 Steady 0 Steady
Kentucky District 11 10 Increase1 1 Decrease1 0 Steady
Louisiana District 6 5 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Maine[h] District[i] 4 0 Steady 4 Steady 0 Steady
Maryland District 6 5 Increase1 1 Decrease1 0 Steady
Massachusetts District 12 2 Decrease1 10 Increase1 0 Steady
Michigan District 11 7 Increase1 4 Decrease1 0 Steady
Minnesota District 5 0 Steady 5 Steady 0 Steady
Mississippi District 7 7 Increase2 0 Decrease1 0 Decrease1[j]
Missouri District 14 12 Decrease2 2 Increase2 0 Steady
Nebraska District 3 0 Steady 3 Steady 0 Steady
Nevada At-large 1 0 Decrease1 1 Increase1 0 Steady
New Hampshire District 2 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
New Jersey District 7 3 Steady 4 Steady 0 Steady
New York District[f] 34 17[d] Decrease4 17 Increase4 0 Steady
North Carolina District[f] 9 8 Increase1 1 Decrease1 0 Steady
Ohio[h] District 21 11 Decrease2 10 Increase2 0 Steady
Oregon[h] At-large 1 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Pennsylvania District
+ at-large
28 8 Decrease4 20 Increase5 0 Decrease1[g]
Rhode Island District 2 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
South Carolina District 7 6 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Tennessee District 10 7 Decrease1 3 Increase1 0 Steady
Texas District 11 11 Increase1 0 Steady 0 Decrease1[j]
Vermont[h] District 2 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
Virginia District[f] 10 8 Increase2 2 Increase2 0 Decrease4[k]
West Virginia District 4 3 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Wisconsin District 9 2 Decrease4 7 Increase4 0 Steady
Total 325 183[1][d]
56.3%
Decrease12 141[1]
43.4%
Increase19 1[1]
0.6%
Decrease7
Popular vote
Democratic
50.05%
Republican
47.13%
Greenback
1.07%
Independent
0.80%
Others
0.95%
House seats
Democratic
56.00%
Republican
43.38%
Greenback
0.31%
Independent
0.31%
House seats by party holding plurality in state
80+% Democratic
80+% Republican
60+ to 80% Democratic
60+ to 80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic
Up to 60% Republican
Net gain in party representation
6+ Democratic gain
6+ Republican gain
3-5 Democratic gain
3-5 Republican gain
1-2 Democratic gain
1-2 Republican gain
no net change

Early election dates[edit]

In 1884, four states, with 28 seats among them, held elections early:

Special elections[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Arkansas 3 James K. Jones Democratic 1880 Incumbent resigned February 19, 1885.
New member electedSeptember 7, 1885.
Democratic hold
  • Green tickYThomas McRae(Democratic) 61.2%
  • C.E. Mitchell (Independent) 38.8%
South Carolina 7 Edmund W. M. Mackey Republican 1880 Incumbent died January 27, 1884.
New member electedMarch 18, 1884.
Republican hold.
Iowa 7
Indiana 13 William H. Calkins Republican 1876 Incumbent resigned October 20, 1884.
New member electedNovember 4, 1884.
Anti-Monopoly gain.
Successor had not been a candidate for the next term;see below.
South Carolina 4 John H. Evins Democratic 1876 Incumbent died October 20, 1884.
New member electedNovember 12, 1884.
Democratic hold.
Successor had not been a candidate for the next term;see below.
Kansas 2

Alabama[edit]

Arkansas[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Arkansas 1 Poindexter Dunn Democratic 1878 Incumbent re-elected.
Arkansas 2 Clifton R. Breckinridge
Redistricted fromat-large district.
Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Arkansas 3 James K. Jones
Redistricted from2nd district.
Democratic 1880 Incumbent re-elected.
Arkansas 4 John H. Rogers
Redistricted from3rd district.
Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Arkansas 5 Samuel W. Peel
Redistricted from4th district.
Democratic 1882 New seat.
Incumbent re-elected.

California[edit]

Two new districts were created for the seats gained in the 1882 reapportionment, eliminating theat-large districtthat had been created for them.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
California 1 Barclay Henley
Redistricted from the 2nd district
Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYBarclay Henley(Democratic) 49.7%
  • Thomas L. Carothers (Republican) 49.3%
  • C. C. Bateman (Prohibition) 1%
California 2 Charles A. Sumner
Redistricted from theat-large district
Democratic 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain
California 3 John R. Glascock
Redistricted from theat-large district
Democratic 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain
California 4 William Rosecrans
Redistricted from the 1st district
Democratic 1880 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain
  • Green tickYWilliam W. Morrow(Republican) 58.8%
  • R. P. Hastings (Democratic) 40.7%
  • H. S. Fitch (Populist) 0.5%
  • George Babcock (Prohibition) 0.0%
California 5 Pleasant B. Tully
Redistricted from the 4th district
Democratic 1882 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain
  • Green tickYCharles N. Felton(Republican) 48.8%
  • Frank J. Sullivan (Democratic) 48.4%
  • C. Henderson (Prohibition) 1.4%
  • A. E. Redstone (Independent) 1.4%
California 6 None (District created) New seat
Republican gain
  • Green tickYHenry H. Markham(Republican) 49.1%
  • R. F. Del Valle (Democratic) 47.9%
  • Will D. Gould (Prohibition) 2.3%
  • Isaac Kinley (Populist) 0.7%

Colorado[edit]

Connecticut[edit]

Delaware[edit]

Florida[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida 1 Robert H. M. Davidson Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected.
Florida 2 Horatio Bisbee Jr. Republican 1880 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain

Georgia[edit]

Illinois[edit]

Indiana[edit]

Iowa[edit]

Kansas[edit]

Kentucky[edit]

Louisiana[edit]

Maine[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maine 1 Thomas B. Reed
Redistricted from theat-large district
Republican 1876 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYThomas B. Reed(Republican) 51.03%
  • Nathan Cleeves (Democratic) 48.35%
  • Aaron Clark (Greenback) 0.55%
Maine 2 Nelson Dingley Jr.
Redistricted from theat-large district
Republican 1881(special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYNelson Dingley Jr.(Republican) 55.10%
  • David R. Hastings (Democratic) 39.76%
  • Wilder W. Perry (Greenback) 4.39%
  • Reuben S. Hunt (Prohibition) 0.75%
Maine 3 Seth L. Milliken
Redistricted from theat-large district
Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYSeth L. Milliken(Republican) 58.37%
  • Daniel H. Thing (Democratic) 40.30%
  • Luther C. Bateman (Greenback) 0.95%
  • Joseph E. Ladd (Prohibition) 0.37%
Maine 4 Charles A. Boutelle
Redistricted from theat-large district
Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYCharles A. Boutelle(Republican) 56.65%
  • John F. Lynch (Democratic) 40.85%
  • Seth B. Sprague (Prohibition) 1.71%
  • Charles B. Besse (Greenback) 0.79%

Maryland[edit]

Massachusetts[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Massachusetts 1 Robert T. Davis Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYRobert T. Davis(Republican) 66.53%
  • Weston Howland (Democratic) 25.08%
  • T. Dwight Stow (Democratic) 4.92%
  • Edward H. Hatfield (Prohibition) 3.47%
Massachusetts 2 John Davis Long Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYJohn Davis Long(Republican) 53.00%
  • William Everett(Democratic) 34.30%
  • Edgar E. Dean (Greenback) 9.27%
  • George Buttrick (Prohibition) 3.43%
Massachusetts 3 Ambrose A. Ranney Republican 1880 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYAmbrose A. Ranney(Republican) 53.00%
  • Horatio E. Swasey (Democratic) 36.05%
  • Eleazer B. Loring (Greenback) 9.40%
  • John W. Field (Prohibition) 1.54%
Massachusetts 4 Patrick A. Collins Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 5 Leopold Morse Democratic 1876 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Massachusetts 6 Henry B. Lovering Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 7 Eben F. Stone Republican 1880 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYEben F. Stone(Republican) 47.90%
  • Richard S. Spofford (Democratic) 36.95%
  • John I. Baker (Greenback) 15.16%
Massachusetts 8 William A. Russell Republican 1878 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Green tickYCharles Herbert Allen(Republican) 53.75%
  • Charles S. Lilley (Democratic) 40.16%
  • Hiram W. Eastman (Greenback) 4.49%
  • John W. Reed (Prohibition) 1.61%
Massachusetts 9 Theodore Lyman III Independent Republican 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Green tickYFrederick D. Ely(Republican) 47.41%
  • Henry E. Fales (Democratic) 24.35%
  • Theodore Lyman III(Ind. Republican) 16.47%
  • Henry E. Lemon (Greenback) 9.39%
  • Edmund M. Stowe (Prohibition) 2.38%
Massachusetts 10 William W. Rice Republican 1876 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYWilliam W. Rice(Republican) 58.78%
  • James E. Eastbrook (Democratic) 27.62%
  • James H. Mellen (Greenback) 11.12%
  • William H. Earle (Prohibition) 2.48%
Massachusetts 11 William Whiting II Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYWilliam Whiting II(Republican) 60.01%
  • David Hill (Democratic) 34.04%
  • James Oliver (Greenback) 3.21%
  • Wilbur F. Whitney (Prohibition) 2.74%
Massachusetts 12 Francis W. Rockwell Republican Jan. 1884 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYFrancis W. Rockwell(Republican) 51.78%
  • Jarvis N. Dunham (Democratic) 43.20%
  • Joseph D. Cadle (Greenback) 3.40%
  • John Blackmer (Prohibition) 1.75%

Michigan[edit]

Minnesota[edit]

Mississippi[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Mississippi 1 Henry L. Muldrow Democratic 1876 Incumbent retired to becomeFirst Assistant Secretary of the Interior.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Green tickYJohn M. Allen(Democratic) 81.70%
  • Green C. Chandler (Republican) 18.30%[6]
Mississippi 2 James R. Chalmers Independent 1882[l] Incumbent lost re-election as a Republican.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Mississippi 3 Elza Jeffords Republican 1882 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Mississippi 4 Hernando Money Democratic 1874 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Mississippi 5 Otho R. Singleton Democratic 1874 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 6 Henry S. Van Eaton Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 7 Ethelbert Barksdale Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.

Missouri[edit]

Nebraska[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Nebraska 1 Archibald J. Weaver Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYArchibald J. Weaver(Republican) 49.95%
  • Charles H. Brown (Democratic) 47.80%
  • E. J. O'Neil (Prohibition) 2.26%[13]
Nebraska 2 James Laird Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYJames Laird(Republican) 52.94%
  • J. H. Stickel (Democratic) 44.12%
  • B. Crabb (Prohibition) 2.94%[14]
Nebraska 3 Edward K. Valentine Republican 1878 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.

Nevada[edit]

New Hampshire[edit]

New Jersey[edit]

New York[edit]

North Carolina[edit]

Ohio[edit]

Oregon[edit]

Pennsylvania[edit]

Rhode Island[edit]

South Carolina[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1 Samuel Dibble Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYSamuel Dibble(Democratic) 73.5%
  • W. N. Taft (Republican) 26.5%
South Carolina 2 George D. Tillman Democratic 1878 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYGeorge D. Tillman(Democratic) 84.4%
  • E. J. Dickerson (Republican) 14.2%
  • Others 1.4%
South Carolina 3 D. Wyatt Aiken Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYD. Wyatt Aiken(Democratic) 93.5%
  • John R. Tolbert (Republican) 6.5%
South Carolina 4 John H. Evins Democratic 1876 Incumbent died October 20, 1884.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Winner was not elected to finish the current term.
South Carolina 5 John J. Hemphill Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYJohn J. Hemphill(Democratic) 74.5%
  • C. C. Macoy (Republican) 21.8%
  • Others 3.7%
South Carolina 6 George W. Dargan Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYGeorge W. Dargan(Democratic) 74.0%
  • Edmund H. Deas (Republican) 23.3%
  • Others 2.7%
South Carolina 7 Robert Smalls Republican 1884(special) Incumbent re-elected.

Tennessee[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee 1 Augustus H. Pettibone Republican 1880 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 2 Leonidas C. Houk Republican 1878 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 3 George G. Dibrell Democratic 1874 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Tennessee 4 Benton McMillin Democratic 1878 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 5 Richard Warner Democratic 1880 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Green tickYJames D. Richardson(Democratic) 58.46%
  • James A. Warder (Republican) 31.43%
  • Matt Martin (Ind. Democratic) 8.28%
  • J. R. Beasley (Ind. Greenback) 1.83%[20]
Tennessee 6 Andrew J. Caldwell Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 7 John G. Ballentine Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 8 John M. Taylor Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 9 Rice A. Pierce Democratic 1882 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Tennessee 10 H. Casey Young Democratic 1882 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.

Texas[edit]

Vermont[edit]

Virginia[edit]

West Virginia[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
West Virginia 1 Nathan Goff Jr. Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
West Virginia 2 William L. Wilson Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
West Virginia 3 Charles P. Snyder Democratic 1883 (special) Incumbent re-elected.
West Virginia 4 Eustace Gibson Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.

Wisconsin[edit]

Wisconsin elected nine members of congress on Election Day, November 4, 1884.[30][31]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Wisconsin 1 John Winans Democratic 1882 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin 2 Daniel H. Sumner Democratic 1882 Incumbent lost re-nomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Wisconsin 3 Burr W. Jones Democratic 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin 4 Peter V. Deuster Democratic 1878 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin 5 Joseph Rankin Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYJoseph Rankin(Democratic) 59.2%
  • Charles Luling (Republican) 38.5%
  • John E. Thomas(Greenback) 1.6%
  • D. I. Miller (Prohibition) 0.4%
  • William Miller (Write-in) 0.2%
Wisconsin 6 Richard W. Guenther Republican 1880 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 7 Gilbert M. Woodward Democratic 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin 8 William T. Price Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 9 Isaac Stephenson Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.

Non-voting delegates[edit]

Idaho Territory[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
Idaho Territory at-large Theodore F. Singiser Republican 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
New delegate elected.
Democratic gain.

Montana Territory[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
Montana Territory at-large Martin Maginnis Democratic 1872 Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected.
Democratic hold.

Wyoming Territory[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
Wyoming Territory at-large Morton E. Post Democratic 1880 Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected.
Republican gain.

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^Four states held early elections between June 2 and October 14.
  2. ^abcDubin (p. 271) counts 182 Democrats, 142 Republicans, and 1 Greenback at the start of the49th United States Congress.
  3. ^Included 2Independent Democratsand 1Independent Republican.
  4. ^abcIncludes 1Independent Democrat,Truman A. MerrimanofNY-11.
  5. ^There was 1 Greenback member.
  6. ^abcdefgAt-large seats eliminated in redistricting.
  7. ^abGreenback Party
  8. ^abcdElections held early.
  9. ^Changed from at-large.
  10. ^abIndependentin previous election.
  11. ^Readjuster Party
  12. ^Initial victor wasVan. H. Manning,but election was overturned in 1884.

References[edit]

  1. ^abcdefMartis, pp. 138–139.
  2. ^"SC - District 07 Special Election".Our Campaigns.Retrieved13 June2021.
  3. ^"Our Campaigns - IN - District 13 Special Election Race - Nov 04, 1884".www.ourcampaigns.com.Retrieved9 October2021.
  4. ^"Our Campaigns - SC - District 04 Special Election Race - Nov 12, 1884".
  5. ^abcdeGuide to U.S. Elections.Vol. II (6th ed.).Washington, D.C.:CQ Press.2010. p. 1074.ISBN9781604265361.LCCN2009033938.OCLC430736650.
  6. ^"MS - District 01".Our Campaigns.Retrieved13 March2021.
  7. ^"MS - District 02".Our Campaigns.Retrieved13 March2021.
  8. ^"MS - District 03".Our Campaigns.Retrieved13 March2021.
  9. ^"MS - District 04".Our Campaigns.Retrieved13 March2021.
  10. ^"MS - District 05".Our Campaigns.Retrieved13 March2021.
  11. ^"MS - District 06".Our Campaigns.Retrieved13 March2021.
  12. ^"MS - District 07".Our Campaigns.Retrieved13 March2021.
  13. ^"Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Nov 4, 1884".www.ourcampaigns.com.Retrieved24 September2021.
  14. ^"Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 4, 1884".www.ourcampaigns.com.Retrieved24 September2021.
  15. ^"Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 4, 1884".www.ourcampaigns.com.Retrieved24 September2021.
  16. ^"TN - District 01".Our Campaigns.Retrieved24 February2021.
  17. ^"TN - District 02".Our Campaigns.Retrieved24 February2021.
  18. ^"TN - District 03".Our Campaigns.Retrieved24 February2021.
  19. ^"TN - District 04".Our Campaigns.Retrieved24 February2021.
  20. ^"TN - District 05".Our Campaigns.Retrieved24 February2021.
  21. ^"TN - District 06".Our Campaigns.Retrieved24 February2021.
  22. ^"TN - District 07".Our Campaigns.Retrieved24 February2021.
  23. ^"TN - District 08".Our Campaigns.Retrieved24 February2021.
  24. ^"TN - District 09".Our Campaigns.Retrieved24 February2021.
  25. ^"TN - District 10".Our Campaigns.Retrieved24 February2021.
  26. ^"WV District 01".Our Campaigns.Retrieved17 April2021.
  27. ^"WV District 02".Our Campaigns.Retrieved17 April2021.
  28. ^"WV District 03".Our Campaigns.Retrieved17 April2021.
  29. ^"WV District 04".Our Campaigns.Retrieved17 April2021.
  30. ^"Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results"(PDF).Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on April 5, 2012.RetrievedNovember 19,2021– viaWayback Machine.
  31. ^Heg, J. E., ed. (1885)."Biographical"(PDF).The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin(Report).Madison, Wisconsin:State of Wisconsin. pp. 413–415.RetrievedNovember 19,2021.
  32. ^"ID Territorial Delegate".www.ourcampaigns.com.
  33. ^"Our Campaigns - MT Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 04, 1884".www.ourcampaigns.com.
  34. ^"WY Territorial Delegate".Our Campaigns.Retrieved11 April2021.

Bibliography[edit]

External links[edit]