1886 United States House of Representatives elections
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All 325 seats in theUnited States House of Representatives 163 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The1886 United States House of Representatives electionswere held for the most part on November 2, 1886, with three states holding theirs early between June and September. They occurred in the middle ofPresidentGrover Cleveland's first term. Elections were held for 325 seats of theUnited States House of Representatives,representing 38 states, to serve in the50th United States Congress.Special elections were also held throughout the year.
As in many midterm elections, the President's party lost seats to the opposition, in this case,Democratslost seats toRepublicans,although a narrow majority was retained. Many of these Republican pickups were in the industrializingMidweststates, where the debate over tariffs, which were advocated by Republicans to protect domestic industry but opposed by Democrats to allow for free agricultural trade, led to political change. The smallLabor Party,supported by industrial workers, gained one seat each inVirginiaandWisconsin,while theGreenback Partymaintained its one seat inIowa(James B. Weaver). OneIndependentwas also elected inNorth Carolina.
Election summaries[edit]
167 | 6 | 152 |
Democratic | [d] | Republican |
State | Type | Total seats |
Democratic | Republican | Others | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | |||
Alabama | District | 8 | 8 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Arkansas | District | 5 | 5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
California | District | 6 | 2 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Colorado | At-large | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Connecticut | District | 4 | 2 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Delaware | At-large | 1 | 1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Florida | District | 2 | 2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Georgia | District | 10 | 10 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Illinois | District | 20 | 6 | ![]() |
14 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Indiana | District | 13 | 6 | ![]() |
7 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Iowa | District | 11 | 1 | ![]() |
9[e] | ![]() |
1[f] | ![]() |
Kansas | District | 7 | 0 | ![]() |
7[e] | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Kentucky | District | 11 | 8 | ![]() |
3 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Louisiana | District | 6 | 6 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Maine | District | 4 | 0 | ![]() |
4 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Maryland | District | 6 | 5 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Massachusetts | District | 12 | 4 | ![]() |
8 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Michigan | District | 11 | 5 | ![]() |
6 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Minnesota | District | 5 | 3 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Mississippi | District | 7 | 7 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Missouri | District | 14 | 12 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Nebraska | District | 3 | 1 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Nevada | At-large | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
New Hampshire | District | 2 | 1 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
New Jersey | District | 7 | 2 | ![]() |
5 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
New York | District | 34 | 16 | ![]() |
18 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
North Carolina | District | 9 | 7 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
Ohio | District | 21 | 6 | ![]() |
15 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Oregon | At-large | 1 | 0 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Pennsylvania | District + at-large |
28 | 8 | ![]() |
20 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Rhode Island | District | 2 | 0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
South Carolina | District | 7 | 7 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Tennessee | District | 10 | 8 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Texas | District | 11 | 11 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Vermont | District | 2 | 0 | ![]() |
2 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Virginia | District | 10 | 3 | ![]() |
6 | ![]() |
1[g] | ![]() |
West Virginia | District | 4 | 3 | ![]() |
1 | ![]() |
0 | ![]() |
Wisconsin | District | 9 | 1 | ![]() |
7 | ![]() |
1[g] | ![]() |
Total | 325 | 167[1] 51.4% |
![]() |
154[1][c] 47.4% |
![]() |
4[1] 1.2% |
![]() |
There were 2Laborand 1Independentmembers elected, and 1Greenbackmember re-elected. The previous election saw just the Greenback elected.
Special elections[edit]
![]() | This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(September 2019) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New York 15 | Lewis Beach | Democratic | 1880 | Incumbent died August 10, 1886. New member electedNovember 2, 1886. Democratic hold. Successor also elected the same day to the next term,see below. |
|
Wisconsin 5 | Joseph Rankin | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent died January 24, 1886. New member electedFebruary 23, 1886. Democratic hold. |
|
Election dates[edit]
In all the states except three, elections were held November 2, 1886. Those three states, with 7 seats among them, held elections:
Alabama[edit]
Arkansas[edit]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arkansas 1 | Poindexter Dunn | Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arkansas 2 | Clifton R. Breckinridge | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arkansas 3 | Thomas McRae | Democratic | 1885 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arkansas 4 | John H. Rogers | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arkansas 5 | Samuel W. Peel | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arizona Territory[edit]
SeeNon-voting delegates,below.
California[edit]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California 1 | Barclay Henley | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold |
|
California 2 | James A. Louttit | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
California 3 | Joseph McKenna | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 4 | William W. Morrow | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 5 | Charles N. Felton | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 6 | Henry Markham | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold |
|
Colorado[edit]
Connecticut[edit]
Dakota Territory[edit]
SeeNon-voting delegates,below.
Delaware[edit]
Florida[edit]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida 1 | Robert H. M. Davidson | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 2 | Charles Dougherty | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Georgia[edit]
Idaho Territory[edit]
SeeNon-voting delegates,below.
Illinois[edit]
Indiana[edit]
Iowa[edit]
Kansas[edit]
Kentucky[edit]
Louisiana[edit]
Maine[edit]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maine 1 | Thomas B. Reed | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maine 2 | Nelson Dingley Jr. | Republican | 1881(special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maine 3 | Seth L. Milliken | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maine 4 | Charles A. Boutelle | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland[edit]
Massachusetts[edit]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | Robert T. Davis | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 2 | John Davis Long | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 3 | Ambrose A. Ranney | Republican | 1880 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Massachusetts 4 | Patrick A. Collins | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 5 | Edward D. Hayden | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 6 | Henry B. Lovering | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Massachusetts 7 | Eben F. Stone | Republican | 1880 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Massachusetts 8 | Charles Herbert Allen | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 9 | Frederick D. Ely | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Massachusetts 10 | William W. Rice | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Massachusetts 11 | William Whiting II | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 12 | Francis W. Rockwell | Republican | 1884 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan[edit]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Michigan 1 | William C. Maybury | Democratic Fusion |
1882 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Michigan 2 | Nathaniel B. Eldredge | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Michigan 3 | James O'Donnell | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 4 | Julius C. Burrows | Republican | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 5 | Charles C. Comstock | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Michigan 6 | Edwin B. Winans | Democratic Fusion |
1876 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Michigan 7 | Ezra C. Carleton | Democratic Fusion |
1882 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Michigan 8 | Timothy E. Tarsney | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 9 | Byron M. Cutcheon | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 10 | Spencer O. Fisher | Democratic Fusion |
1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 11 | Seth C. Moffatt | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Minnesota[edit]
Mississippi[edit]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi 1 | John M. Allen | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 2 | James B. Morgan | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 3 | Thomas C. Catchings | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 4 | Frederick G. Barry | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 5 | Otho R. Singleton | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Mississippi 6 | Henry S. Van Eaton | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Mississippi 7 | Ethelbert Barksdale | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Missouri[edit]
Montana Territory[edit]
SeeNon-voting delegates,below.
Nebraska[edit]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Nebraska 1 | Archibald J. Weaver | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Nebraska 2 | James Laird | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Nebraska 3 | George W. E. Dorsey | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Nevada[edit]
New Hampshire[edit]
New Jersey[edit]
New Mexico Territory[edit]
SeeNon-voting delegates,below.
New York[edit]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New York 15 | Lewis Beach | Democratic | 1880 | Incumbent died August 10, 1886. New member elected. Democratic hold. Successor alsoelected the same day to finish the current term. |
|
North Carolina[edit]
Ohio[edit]
Oregon[edit]
Pennsylvania[edit]
Rhode Island[edit]
South Carolina[edit]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 1 | Samuel Dibble | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 2 | George D. Tillman | Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 3 | D. Wyatt Aiken | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
South Carolina 4 | William H. Perry | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 5 | John J. Hemphill | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 6 | George W. Dargan | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 7 | Robert Smalls | Republican | 1884(special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Tennessee[edit]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | Augustus H. Pettibone | Republican | 1880 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Tennessee 2 | Leonidas C. Houk | Republican | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 3 | John R. Neal | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 4 | Benton McMillin | Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 5 | James D. Richardson | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 6 | Andrew J. Caldwell | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Tennessee 7 | John G. Ballentine | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Tennessee 8 | John M. Taylor | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Tennessee 9 | Presley T. Glass | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 10 | Zachary Taylor | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Texas[edit]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Texas 6 | Olin Wellborn | Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Utah Territory[edit]
SeeNon-voting delegates,below.
Vermont[edit]
Virginia[edit]
Washington Territory[edit]
SeeNon-voting delegates,below.
West Virginia[edit]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
West Virginia 1 | Nathan Goff Jr. | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia 2 | William L. Wilson | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia 3 | Charles P. Snyder | Democratic | 1883 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia 4 | Eustace Gibson | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Wisconsin[edit]
Wisconsin elected nine members of congress on Election Day, November 2, 1886.[43][44]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wisconsin 1 | Lucien B. Caswell | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 2 | Edward S. Bragg | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent lost re-nomination. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Wisconsin 3 | Robert M. La Follette | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 4 | Isaac W. Van Schaick | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent declined re-nomination. New member elected. Union Labor gain. |
|
Wisconsin 5 | Thomas R. Hudd | Democratic | 1886 Special |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 6 | Richard W. Guenther | Republican | 1880 | Incumbent lost re-nomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Wisconsin 7 | Ormsby B. Thomas | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 8 | William T. Price | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 9 | Isaac Stephenson | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wyoming Territory[edit]
SeeNon-voting delegates,below.
Non-voting members[edit]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arizona Territory at-large | |||||
Dakota Territory at-large | |||||
Idaho Territory at-large | John Hailey | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Montana Territory at-large | Joseph K. Toole | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Mexico Territory at-large | |||||
Utah Territory at-large | |||||
Washington Territory at-large | |||||
Wyoming Territory at-large | Joseph M. Carey | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^Regular elections only, not specials
- ^Including 1Independent Democrat.
- ^abIncluding 2Independent Republicans.
- ^There were 2 Labor members, 2 Independent Republicans, 1 Independent, and 1 Greenback members elected.
- ^abIncludes 1Independent Republican.
- ^Greenback Party
- ^abLabor Party
References[edit]
- ^abcdefgMartis 1989,p. 140–141.
- ^"Our Campaigns - NY District 15 - Special Election Race - Nov 02, 1886".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedJanuary 28,2021.
- ^abcdeGuide to U.S. Elections.Vol. II (6th ed.).Washington, D.C.:CQ Press.2010. p. 1078.ISBN9781604265361.LCCN2009033938.OCLC430736650.
- ^"MI - District 01".Our Campaigns.RetrievedOctober 22,2021.
- ^"MI - District 02".Our Campaigns.RetrievedOctober 22,2021.
- ^abcdefgMichigan Secretary of State (1886).Michigan manual. 1887–88.pp. 581–586 – viaHathiTrust.
- ^"MI - District 03".Our Campaigns.RetrievedOctober 22,2021.
- ^"MI - District 04".Our Campaigns.RetrievedOctober 22,2021.
- ^"MI - District 05".Our Campaigns.RetrievedOctober 22,2021.
- ^"MI - District 06".Our Campaigns.RetrievedOctober 22,2021.
- ^"MI - District 07".Our Campaigns.RetrievedOctober 22,2021.
- ^"MI - District 08".Our Campaigns.RetrievedOctober 22,2021.
- ^"MI - District 09".Our Campaigns.RetrievedOctober 22,2021.
- ^"MI - District 10".Our Campaigns.RetrievedOctober 22,2021.
- ^"MI - District 11".Our Campaigns.RetrievedOctober 22,2021.
- ^"MS - District 01".Our Campaigns.RetrievedMarch 13,2021.
- ^"MS - District 02".Our Campaigns.RetrievedMarch 13,2021.
- ^"MS - District 03".Our Campaigns.RetrievedMarch 13,2021.
- ^"MS - District 04".Our Campaigns.RetrievedMarch 13,2021.
- ^"MS - District 05".Our Campaigns.RetrievedMarch 13,2021.
- ^"MS - District 06".Our Campaigns.RetrievedMarch 13,2021.
- ^"MS - District 07".Our Campaigns.RetrievedMarch 13,2021.
- ^"Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Nov 2, 1886".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedSeptember 24,2021.
- ^"Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 2, 1886".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedSeptember 24,2021.
- ^"Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 2, 1886".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedSeptember 24,2021.
- ^Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections.1975. p. 566.
- ^"Our Campaigns - NY District 15 Race - Nov 02, 1886".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedJanuary 28,2021.
- ^"TN - District 01".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 25,2021.
- ^"TN - District 02".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 25,2021.
- ^"TN - District 03".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 25,2021.
- ^"TN - District 04".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 25,2021.
- ^"TN - District 05".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 25,2021.
- ^"TN - District 06".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 25,2021.
- ^"TN - District 07".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 25,2021.
- ^"TN - District 08".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 25,2021.
- ^"TN - District 09".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 25,2021.
- ^"TN - District 10".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 25,2021.
- ^Daniell, Lewis E. (1889)"Personnel of the Texas State Government with Sketches of Distinguished Texans embracing the Executive Staff, Heads of the Departments, United States Senators and Representatives, Members of the Twenty-First Legislature",Austin: Smith, Hicks & Jones, State Printers. p. 137. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
- ^"WV District 01".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 18,2021.
- ^"WV District 02".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 18,2021.
- ^"WV District 03".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 18,2021.
- ^"WV District 04".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 18,2021.
- ^"Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results"(PDF).Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on April 5, 2012.RetrievedNovember 19,2021– viaWayback Machine.
- ^Timme, Ernst G., ed. (1887)."Biographical"(PDF).The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin(Report).Madison, Wisconsin:State of Wisconsin. pp. 479–482.RetrievedNovember 19,2021.
- ^"ID Territorial Delegate".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 4,2021.
- ^"Our Campaigns - MT Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 02, 1886".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedJanuary 28,2021.
- ^"WY Territorial Delegate".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 11,2021.
Bibliography[edit]
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998).United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses.McFarland and Company.ISBN978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989).The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989.Macmillan Publishing Company.ISBN978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994).Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections(Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc.ISBN978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present".Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives.RetrievedJanuary 21,2015.
External links[edit]
- Office of the Historian(Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)