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1894 United States House of Representatives elections

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1894 United States House of Representatives elections

1892 June 4, 1894[a]– November 6, 1894[b] 1896

All 356 seats in theUnited States House of Representatives[c]
179 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party
Leader Thomas Brackett Reed Charles Frederick Crisp
Party Republican Democratic
Leader's seat Maine 1st Georgia 3rd
Last election 124 seats 218 seats
Seats before 143 seats[d] 198 seats[g]
Seats won 253[e][f] 93[e][f]
Seat change Increase110 Decrease105
Popular vote 5,442,266 4,252,292
Percentage 48.27% 37.72%
Swing Increase7.45% Decrease9.66%

Third party Fourth party
Party Populist Silver
Last election 11 seats 1 seat
Seats before 13 seats 1 seat
Seats won 9[e][f] 1[e]
Seat change Decrease4 Steady
Popular vote 1,242,242 4,581
Percentage 11.02% 0.04%
Swing Increase2.73% Decrease0.02%

Fifth party
Party Independent
Last election 2 seats
Seats before 2 seats
Seats won 0
Seat change Decrease2
Popular vote 82,148
Percentage 0.73%
Swing Decrease0.08%

Results:
Democratic gainRepublican gain
Democratic holdRepublican hold
Populist gainPopulist hold
Silver hold

Speakerbefore election

Charles Crisp
Democratic

ElectedSpeaker

Thomas Reed
Republican

The1894 United States House of Representatives electionswere held from June 4, 1894, to November 6, 1894, withspecial electionsthroughout the year. Elections were held to elect representatives from all 356congressional districtsacross each of the 44U.S. statesat the time, as well asnon-voting delegatesfrom the inhabitedU.S. territories.The winners of this election served in the54th Congress,with seats apportioned among the states based on the1890 United States census.

The elections comprised a significantpolitical realignment,with a majorRepublicanlandslide that set the stage for the decisiveelection of 1896.The 1894 elections came in the middle ofDemocraticPresidentGrover Cleveland's second term. The nation was in its deepest economic depression yet following thePanic of 1893,which pushed economic issues to the forefront. In the spring,a major coal strikedamaged the economy of theMidwestandMid-Atlantic.It was accompanied by violence; the miners lost and many joined thePopulist Party.Immediately after the coal strike concluded,Eugene V. Debsleda nationwide railroad strike.It shut down the nation's transportation system west ofDetroitfor weeks, until President Cleveland's use of federal troops ended the strike. Debs went to prison for disobeying a court order.Illinois GovernorJohn Peter Altgeld,a Democrat, broke bitterly with Cleveland.

The fragmented and disoriented Democratic Party was crushed everywhere outside of the South, losing more than 55% of its seats to the Republican Party. The Democrats did so poorly that even in the South, they lost seats to the Republican-Populistelectoral fusioninAlabama,North Carolina,Tennessee,andTexas.[2][3]The Democrats ultimately lost 127 seats in this election, with the Republicans gaining 130 seats after the resolution of several contested elections.

The Democratic Party failed to win one seat in twenty-four states and only won one seat in six states. Prominent Democrats in the house includingRichard P. Bland,William S. Holman,William M. Springer,andWilliam L. Wilsonwere defeated in the election.[4]As of 2022, the 1894 election represents the largest seat swing in a single election in the history of the House of Representatives; the only other occasion where a political party has suffered triple-digit losses was in1932.

The main issues revolved around the severe economic depression, which the Republicans blamed on the conservativeBourbon Democratsled by Cleveland. Cleveland supporters lost heavily, weakening their hold on the party and setting the stage for an 1896 takeover by the free silver wing of the party. The Populist Party ran candidates in the South and Midwest, but generally lost ground outside of the South. The Democrats tried to raise a religious issue, claiming the GOP was in cahoots with theanti-CatholicAmerican Protective Association;the allegations seem to have fallen flat as Catholics swung towards the GOP.[5]

Election summaries[edit]

93 10 254
Democratic [h] Republican
State Type Total
seats
Democratic Populist Republican Silver
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Alabama District 9 5 Decrease4 2 Increase2 2 Increase2 0 Steady
Arkansas District 6 6 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
California District 7 1 Decrease2 0 Decrease1 6 Increase3 0 Steady
Colorado District 2 0 Steady 1 Decrease1 1 Increase1 0 Steady
Connecticut District 4 0 Decrease3 0 Steady 4 Increase3 0 Steady
Delaware At-large 1 0 Decrease1 0 Steady 1 Increase1 0 Steady
Florida District 2 2 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Georgia District 11 11 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Idaho At-large 1 0 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Illinois District 22 0 Decrease11 0 Steady 22 Increase11 0 Steady
Indiana District 13 0 Decrease11 0 Steady 13 Increase11 0 Steady
Iowa District 11 0 Decrease1 0 Steady 11 Increase1 0 Steady
Kansas District
+at-large
8 0 Steady 1 Decrease4 7 Increase4 0 Steady
Kentucky District 11 5 Decrease5 0 Steady 6 Increase5 0 Steady
Louisiana District 6 6 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Maine[i] District 4 0 Steady 0 Steady 4 Steady 0 Steady
Maryland District 6 3 Decrease3 0 Steady 3 Increase3 0 Steady
Massachusetts District 13 1 Decrease3 0 Steady 12 Increase3 0 Steady
Michigan District 12 0 Decrease5 0 Steady 12 Increase5 0 Steady
Minnesota District 7 0 Decrease2 0 Decrease1 7 Increase3 0 Steady
Mississippi District 7 7 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady 0 Steady
Missouri District 15 4 Decrease9 0 Steady 11 Increase9 0 Steady
Montana At-large 1 0 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Nebraska District 6 0 Decrease1 1 Decrease1 5 Increase2 0 Steady
Nevada At-large 1 0 Decrease1 0 Steady 0 Steady 1 Increase1
New Hampshire District 2 0 Steady 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
New Jersey District 8 0 Decrease6 0 Steady 8 Increase6 0 Steady
New York District 34 4 Decrease16 0 Steady 30 Increase16 0 Steady
North Carolina District 9 2 Decrease6 4 Increase4 3 Increase2 0 Steady
North Dakota At-large 1 0 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
Ohio District 21 2 Decrease9 0 Steady 19 Increase9 0 Steady
Oregon[i] District 2 0 Steady 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
Pennsylvania District
+2 at-large
30 2 Decrease8 0 Steady 28 Increase8 0 Steady
Rhode Island District 2 0 Decrease2 0 Steady 2 Increase2 0 Steady
South Carolina District 7 6 Steady 0 Steady 1 Steady 0 Steady
South Dakota At-large 2 0 Steady 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
Tennessee District 10 6 Decrease2 0 Steady 4 Increase2 0 Steady
Texas District 13 12 Decrease1 0 Steady 1 Increase1 0 Steady
Vermont[i] District 2 0 Steady 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
Virginia District 10 8 Decrease2 0 Steady 2 Increase2 0 Steady
Washington At-large 2 0 Steady 0 Steady 2 Steady 0 Steady
West Virginia District 4 0 Decrease4 0 Steady 4 Increase4 0 Steady
Wisconsin District 10 0 Decrease6 0 Steady 10 Increase6 0 Steady
Wyoming At-large 1 0 Decrease1 0 Steady 1 Increase1 0 Steady
Total[c] 356 93[e]
26.1%
Decrease107 9[e]
2.5%
Decrease4 253[e]
71.1%
Increase110 1[e]
0.3%
Increase1
Popular vote
Republican
48.27%
Democratic
37.72%
Populist
11.02%
Silver
0.04%
Independent
0.73%
Others
2.22%
House seats
Republican
71.07%
Democratic
26.12%
Populist
2.53%
Silver
0.28%
House seats by party holding plurality in state
80+% Democratic
80+% Republican
60+ to 80% Democratic
60+ to 80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic
Up to 60% Populist
Up to 60% Republican
Net gain in party representation
6+ Democratic gain
6+ Republican gain
3 to 5 Democratic gain
3 to 5 Republican gain
1 to 2 Democratic gain
1 to 2 Populist gain
1 to 2 Republican gain
no net change

Special elections[edit]

15special electionstook place in 1894 leading up to and following the general election. They are listed below in order of election date then by state and district. Republicans flipped 3 seats in the special elections inNew York's 14th,Kentucky's 9th,andMaryland's 5thcongressional districts.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Virginia 7 Charles T. O'Ferrall Democratic 1884(special) Incumbent resigned December 28, 1893 after being electedGovernor of Virginia.
New member electedJanuary 30, 1894.
Democratic hold.
Winner later re-elected in November;see below.
  • Green tickYSmith S. Turner(Democratic) 65.09%
  • E. D. Root (Republican) 34.59%
  • Basil Gordon (unknown) 0.32%[6]
New York 14 John R. Fellows Democratic 1890 Incumbent resigned December 31, 1893 to becomeDistrict Attorney of New York City.
New member electedJanuary 30, 1894.
Republican gain.
Winner later re-elected in November;see below.
  • Green tickYLemuel E. Quigg(Republican) 49.62%
  • William L. Brown (Democratic) 46.14%
  • Daniel De Leon(Socialist Labor) 2.46%
  • George Munro (Prohibition) 0.90%
  • George A. Hunter (Populist) 0.88%[7]
Pennsylvania at-large William Lilly Republican 1892 Incumbent died December 1, 1893.
New member electedFebruary 26, 1894.
Republican hold.
South Carolina 1 William H. Brawley Democratic 1890 Incumbent resigned February 12, 1894, to become judge for theUnited States District Court for the District of South Carolina.
New member electedApril 12, 1894.
Democratic hold.
Maryland 1 Robert F. Brattan Democratic 1892 Incumbent died May 10, 1894.
New member electedNovember 6, 1894.
Democratic hold.
Ohio 3 George W. Houk Democratic 1890 Incumbent died February 9, 1894.
New member electedMay 21, 1894.
Democratic hold.
Wisconsin 7 George B. Shaw Republican 1892 Incumbent died August 27, 1894.
New member electedNovember 6, 1894.
Republican hold.[8]
  • Green tickYMichael Griffin(Republican) 57.8%
  • George W. Levis (Democratic) 32.5%
  • Clement H. Van Worner (Populist) 5.3%
  • Edward Berg (Prohibition) 4.1%
  • William F. Button (Independent) 0.4%
Alabama 3 William C. Oates Democratic 1880 Incumbent resigned November 5, 1894, after being electedGovernor of Alabama.
New member electedNovember 6, 1894.
Democratic hold.
Kentucky 9 Thomas H. Paynter Democratic 1888 Incumbent resigned January 5, 1895, having been elected to theKentucky Court of Appeals.
New member electedNovember 6, 1894,but didn't take his seat until March 4, 1895.
Republican gain.
Maryland 5 Barnes Compton Democratic 1884
1890(lost contest)
1890
Incumbent resigned May 15, 1894, to become a naval officer.
New member electedNovember 6, 1894.
Republican gain.
Arkansas 2 Clifton R. Breckinridge Democratic 1882 Incumbent resigned August 14, 1894, to becomeU.S. Minister to Russia.
New member electedDecember 3, 1894.
Democratic hold.
Kentucky 10 Marcus C. Lisle Democratic 1892 Incumbent died July 7, 1894.
New member electedDecember 3, 1894.
Democratic hold.
Louisiana 4 Newton C. Blanchard Democratic 1880 Incumbent resigned March 12, 1894, to become aU.S. Senator.
New member electedDecember 3, 1894.
Democratic hold.
Ohio 2 John A. Caldwell Republican 1888 Incumbent resigned April 4, 1894, to becomeMayor of Cincinnati.
New member electedDecember 3, 1894.
Republican hold.
New York 15 Ashbel P. Fitch Democratic 1886 Incumbent resigned December 26, 1893, to becomeNew York City Comptroller.
New member electedDecember 30, 1894.
Democratic hold.

Early election dates[edit]

In 1894, three states, with 8 seats among them, held elections early:

Alabama[edit]

Arkansas[edit]

California[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
California 1 Thomas J. Geary Democratic 1890 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
California 2 Anthony Caminetti Democratic 1890 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
California 3 Warren B. English Democratic 1892(contested) Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
California 4 James G. Maguire Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
California 5 Eugene F. Loud Republican 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYEugene F. Loud(Republican) 36.8%
  • Joseph P. Kelly (Democratic) 23.0%
  • James T. Rogers (Populist) 21.5%
  • James Denman (Prohibition) 18.7%
California 6 Marion Cannon Populist 1892 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
California 7 William W. Bowers Republican 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYWilliam W. Bowers(Republican) 42.9%
  • W. H. Alford (Democratic) 28.2%
  • J. L. Gilbert (Populist) 25.0%
  • W. H. Somers (Prohibition) 3.9%

Colorado[edit]

Connecticut[edit]

Delaware[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Delaware at-large John W. Causey Democratic 1892 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.

Florida[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida 1 Stephen R. Mallory Democratic 1890 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Florida 2 Charles Merian Cooper Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.

Georgia[edit]

Idaho[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Idaho at-large Willis Sweet Republican 1890 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Green tickYEdgar Wilson(Republican) 43.38%
  • James Gunn(Populist) 31.53%
  • James M. Ballatine (Democratic) 24.37%
  • William J. Boone (Prohibition) 0.72%[10]

Illinois[edit]

Indiana[edit]

Iowa[edit]

Kansas[edit]

Kentucky[edit]

Louisiana[edit]

Maine[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maine 1 Thomas B. Reed Republican 1876 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYThomas B. Reed(Republican) 63.53%
  • John Deering(Democratic) 33.10%
  • Linus Seely (Prohibition) 2.20%
  • James E. Campion (Populist) 1.17%
Maine 2 Nelson Dingley Jr. Republican 1881(special) Incumbent re-elected.
Maine 3 Seth L. Milliken Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYSeth L. Milliken(Republican) 64.78%
  • Moses R. Leighton (Democratic) 25.55%
  • George C. Sheldon (Populist) 7.62%
  • William S. Thompson (Prohibition) 2.05%
Maine 4 Charles A. Boutelle Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYCharles A. Boutelle(Republican) 65.46%
  • Al L. Simpson (Democratic) 25.90%
  • Oliver D. Chapman (Populist) 4.98%
  • Charles W. Johnston (Prohibition) 3.66%

Maryland[edit]

Massachusetts[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Massachusetts 1 Ashley B. Wright Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYAshley B. Wright(Republican) 55.2%
  • Addison L. Green (Democratic) 39.2%
  • Augustus R. Smith (Prohibition) 3.3%
  • Jonathan Johnson (Populist) 2.3%
Massachusetts 2 Frederick H. Gillett Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 3 Joseph H. Walker Republican 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYJoseph H. Walker(Republican) 59.4%
  • Charles Haggerty (Democratic) 35.6%
  • Henry S. Brown (Populist) 2.55%
  • George F. Wright (Prohibition) 2.45%
Massachusetts 4 Lewis D. Apsley Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYLewis D. Apsley(Republican) 64.9%
  • John J. Desmond (Democratic) 32.2%
  • Bertram Sparhawk (Populist) 3.0%
Massachusetts 5 Moses T. Stevens Democratic 1890 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Green tickYWilliam S. Knox(Republican) 51.7%
  • George W. Fifield (Democratic) 44.4%
  • Hiram W. Eastman (Populist) 2.7%
  • Warren F. Taylor (Prohibition) 1.1%
Massachusetts 6 William Cogswell Republican 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYWilliam Cogswell(Republican) 68.3%
  • Henry B. Little (Democratic) 24.2%
  • Joseph K. Harris (Populist) 7.5%
Massachusetts 7 William Everett Democratic 1893 (special) Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Massachusetts 8 Samuel W. McCall Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 9 Joseph H. O'Neil Democratic 1888 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Green tickYJohn F. Fitzgerald(Democratic) 53.3%
  • Jesse M. Gove (Republican) 44.4%
  • Patrick F. O'Neil (Socialist Labor) 2.4%
Massachusetts 10 Michael J. McEttrick Citizens
Democratic
1892 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected
Republican gain.
Massachusetts 11 William F. Draper Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYWilliam F. Draper(Republican) 62.0%
  • Bentley W. Warren (Democratic) 34.7%
  • John F. Dowd (Populist) 3.4%
Massachusetts 12 Elijah A. Morse Republican 1888 Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 13 Charles S. Randall Republican 1888 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Green tickYJohn Simpkins(Republican) 61.2%
  • Robert Howard (Democratic) 38.8%

Michigan[edit]

Minnesota[edit]

Mississippi[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Mississippi 1 John M. Allen Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 2 John C. Kyle Democratic 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYJohn C. Kyle(Democratic) 75.30%
  • R. J. Lyle (Populist) 20.90%
  • W. R. Montgomery (Republican) 3.23%
  • N. W. Brown (Prohibition) 0.57%[12]
Mississippi 3 Thomas C. Catchings Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 4 Hernando Money Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYHernando Money(Democratic) 57.88%
  • J. H. Jamison (Populist) 41.65%
  • Frank Sourer (Prohibition) 0.47%[14]
Mississippi 5 John S. Williams Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 6 T. R. Stockdale Democratic 1886 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Mississippi 7 Charles E. Hooker Democratic 1886 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Green tickYJames G. Spencer(Democratic) 70.19%
  • A. M. Newman (Populist) 26.44%
  • T. P. Barr (Prohibition) 3.38%[17]

Missouri[edit]

Montana[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Montana at-large Charles S. Hartman Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.

Nebraska[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Nebraska 1 William Jennings Bryan Democratic 1890 Incumbent retired torun for U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Green tickYJesse B. Strode(Republican) 44.90%
  • Austin H. Weir (Democratic) 39.79%
  • Richard H. Hawley (Prohibition) 3.37%[19]
Nebraska 2 David H. Mercer Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska 3 George de Rue Meiklejohn Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYGeorge de Rue Meiklejohn(Republican) 44.51%
  • John M. Devine (Populist) 31.61%
  • W. A. Hensley (Democratic) 21.59%
  • J. C. Thomas (Prohibition) 2.29%[21]
Nebraska 4 Eugene Jerome Hainer Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska 5 William A. McKeighan Populist 1890 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Nebraska 6 Omer Madison Kem Populist 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYOmer Madison Kem(Populist) 52.31%
  • Matt A. Dougherty (Republican) 44.96%
  • William Bone (Prohibition) 2.73%[24]

Nevada[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Nevada at-large Francis G. Newlands Silver 1892 Incumbent re-elected.

New Hampshire[edit]

New Jersey[edit]

New Mexico[edit]

New York[edit]

North Carolina[edit]

North Dakota[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
North Dakota at-large Martin N. Johnson Republican 1890 Incumbent re-elected.

Ohio[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates[27]
Ohio 1 Bellamy Storer Republican 1890 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Ohio 2 Jacob H. Bromwell Republican 1894 (s) Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 3 Paul J. Sorg Democratic 1894 (s) Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 4 Fernando C. Layton Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 5 Dennis D. Donovan Democratic 1892 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Ohio 6 George W. Hulick Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 7 George W. Wilson Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 8 Luther M. Strong Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 9 Byron F. Ritchie Democratic 1892 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Ohio 10 Hezekiah S. Bundy Republican 1893 (s) Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Ohio 11 Charles H. Grosvenor Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 12 Joseph H. Outhwaite Democratic 1892 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Ohio 13 Darius D. Hare Democratic 1892 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Ohio 14 Michael D. Harter Democratic 1892 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Ohio 15 H. Clay Van Voorhis Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 16 Albert J. Pearson Democratic 1892 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Green tickYLorenzo Danford(Republican) 62.9%
  • Albert O. Barnes (Democratic) 37.1%
Ohio 17 James A. D. Richards Democratic 1892 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Ohio 18 George P. Ikirt Democratic 1892 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Ohio 19 Stephen A. Northway Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Ohio 20 William J. White Republican 1892 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Ohio 21 Tom L. Johnson Democratic 1890 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.

Oregon[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Oregon 1 Binger Hermann Republican 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYBinger Hermann(Republican) 47.62%
  • Charles Miller (Populist) 26.99%
  • J. K. Weatherford (Democratic) 23.08%
  • John D. Hurst (Prohibition) 2.31%[28]
Oregon 2 William R. Ellis Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYWilliam R. Ellis(Republican) 47.89%
  • Joseph Waldrop (Populist) 27.27%
  • James H. Raley (Democratic) 22.87%
  • A. F. Miller (Prohibition) 1.97%[29]

Pennsylvania[edit]

Rhode Island[edit]

South Carolina[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1 James F. Izlar Democratic 1894(special) Incumbent retired.
Democratic loss.
George W. Murray
Redistricted from the 7th district
Republican 1892 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Murray successfully challenged Elliott's election and was awarded the seat on June 4, 1896.[31]
South Carolina 2 W. Jasper Talbert Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 3 Asbury Latimer Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYAsbury Latimer(Democratic) 81.3%
  • Robert Moorman (Republican) 13.9%
  • Others 4.8%
South Carolina 4 George W. Shell Democratic 1890 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Green tickYStanyarne Wilson(Democratic) 75.1%
  • Lawson D. Melton (Republican) 24.7%
  • Others 0.2%
South Carolina 5 Thomas J. Strait Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYThomas J. Strait(Democratic) 67.6%
  • G. G. Alexander (Republican) 17.0%
  • W. R. Davie (Independent) 12.8%
  • Others 2.6%
South Carolina 6 John L. McLaurin Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 7 None (New district) New district.
Democratic gain.
The election was voided on June 1, 1896, due to electoral fraud.
  • Green tickYJ. William Stokes(Democratic) 73.0%
  • T. B. Johnson (Republican) 26.3%
  • Others 0.7%

South Dakota[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Dakota at-large
2 seats
John Pickler Republican 1889 Incumbent re-elected.
William V. Lucas Republican 1892 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.

Tennessee[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Tennessee 1 Alfred A. Taylor Republican 1888 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Green tickYWilliam C. Anderson(Republican) 61.66%
  • Thad A. Cox (Democratic) 29.23%
  • R. S. Cheves (Prohibition) 9.11%[33]
Tennessee 2 John C. Houk Republican 1891(special) Incumbent lost re-election as an Independent Republican.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Green tickYHenry R. Gibson(Republican) 53.24%
  • John C. Houk(Ind. Republican) 43.31%
  • Jonathan M. Meek (Populist) 2.10%
  • W. G. Olinger (Prohibition) 1.36%[34]
Tennessee 3 Henry C. Snodgrass Democratic 1890 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 4 Benton McMillin Democratic 1878 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 5 James D. Richardson Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYJames D. Richardson(Democratic) 53.70%
  • W. W. Erwin (Populist) 44.80%
  • R. S. Montgomery (Republican) 1.50%[37]
Tennessee 6 Joseph E. Washington Democratic 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 7 Nicholas N. Cox Democratic 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYNicholas N. Cox(Democratic) 52.57%
  • H. F. Farris (Republican) 36.78%
  • J. K. Blackburn (Populist) 10.65%[39]
Tennessee 8 Benjamin A. Enloe Democratic 1886 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Tennessee 9 James C. McDearmon Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 10 Josiah Patterson Democratic 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYJosiah Patterson(Democratic) 66.12%
  • J. W. Brown (Republican) 19.43%
  • R. J. Rawlings (Populist) 14.45%[42]

Texas[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Texas 1 Joseph C. Hutcheson Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYJoseph C. Hutcheson(Democratic) 55.01%
  • J. J. Burroughs (Populist) 37.01%
  • L. E. Dunns (Republican) 7.98%[43]
Texas 2 Samuel B. Cooper Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Texas 3 Constantine B. Kilgore Democratic 1890 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Texas 4 Benton McMillin Democratic 1874 Incumbent re-elected.
Texas 5 Joseph W. Bailey Democratic 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYJoseph W. Bailey(Democratic) 56.71%
  • N. W. Browder (Populist) 38.93%
  • W. S. Farmer (Republican) 4.36%[47]
Texas 6 Jo Abbott Democratic 1886 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYJo Abbott(Democratic) 49.23%
  • Jerome Kearby (Populist) 48.38%
  • B. O. James (Republican) 2.39%[48]
Texas 7 George C. Pendleton Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Texas 8 Charles K. Bell Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Texas 9 Joseph D. Sayers Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Texas 10 Walter Gresham Democratic 1892 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Green tickYMiles Crowley(Democratic) 39.41%
  • A. J. Rosenthal (Republican) 35.19%
  • J. C. McBride (Populist) 25.40%[52]
Texas 11 William H. Crain Democratic 1884 Incumbent re-elected.
Texas 12 Thomas M. Paschal Democratic 1892 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Green tickYGeorge H. Noonan(Republican) 43.41%
  • A. W. Houston (Democratic) 40.09%
  • A. V. Gates (Populist) 16.50%[54]
Texas 13 Jeremiah V. Cockrell Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYJeremiah V. Cockrell(Democratic) 39.82%
  • D. B. Gilliland (Populist) 38.75%
  • J. M. Dean (Ind. Democratic) 16.81%
  • R. J. Rawlings (Republican) 4.62%[55]

Vermont[edit]

Virginia[edit]

Washington[edit]

West Virginia[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
West Virginia 1 John O. Pendleton Democratic 1890 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Green tickYBlackburn B. Dovener(Republican) 53.40%
  • John A. Howard (Democratic) 42.52%
  • John E. Stealey (Populist) 2.15%
  • J. Howard Holt (Prohibition) 1.93%[56]
West Virginia 2 William Lyne Wilson Democratic 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Green tickYAlston G. Dayton(Republican) 51.83%
  • William Lyne Wilson (Democratic) 47.30%
  • John T. Jarmey (Populist) 0.74%
  • Ulysses A. Clayton (Prohibition) 0.12%[57]
West Virginia 3 John D. Alderson Democratic 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
West Virginia 4 James Capehart Democratic 1890 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Green tickYWarren Miller(Republican) 52.00%
  • Thomas H. Harvey (Democratic) 44.38%
  • Sampson H. Piersol (Populist) 3.55%
  • W. H. Shaw (Prohibition) 0.08%[59]

Wisconsin[edit]

Wisconsin elected ten members of congress on Election Day, November 6, 1894.[8][60]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Wisconsin 1 Henry Allen Cooper Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickYHenry Allen Cooper(Republican) 56.7%
  • Andrew Kull (Democratic) 31.8%
  • Hamilton Utley (Populist) 7.3%
  • Alex S. Kaye (Prohibition) 7.3%
Wisconsin 2 Charles Barwig Democratic 1888 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin 3 Joseph W. Babcock Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 4 Peter J. Somers Democratic 1893 Incumbent declined re-nomination.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin 5 George H. Brickner Democratic 1888 Incumbent declined re-nomination.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Green tickYSamuel S. Barney(Republican) 52.6%
  • Henry Blank (Democratic) 36.7%
  • Fred C. Runge (Populist) 10.7%
Wisconsin 6 Owen A. Wells Democratic 1892 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Green tickYSamuel A. Cook(Republican) 55.8%
  • Owen A. Wells(Democratic) 38.3%
  • Riley S. Bishop (Populist) 3.4%
  • Byron E. Van Keuren (Prohibition) 2.5%
Wisconsin 7 George B. Shaw Republican 1892 Incumbent died August 27, 1894.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Green tickYMichael Griffin(Republican) 57.4%
  • George W. Levis (Democratic) 32.8%
  • Clement H. Van Worner (Populist) 5.3%
  • Edward Berg (Prohibition) 4.1%
  • William F. Button (Independent) 0.4%
Wisconsin 8 Lyman E. Barnes Democratic 1892 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin 9 Thomas Lynch Democratic 1890 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Wisconsin 10 Nils P. Haugen Republican 1892 Incumbent declined re-nomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Green tickYJohn J. Jenkins(Republican) 57.9%
  • E. C. Kennedy (Democratic) 26.4%
  • William Munro (Populist) 11.2%
  • John Holt (Prohibition) 4.5%

Wyoming[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Wyoming at-large Henry A. Coffeen Democratic 1892 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.

Non-voting delegates[edit]

Oklahoma Territory[edit]

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Oklahoma Territory at-large Dennis T. Flynn Republican 1892 Incumbent re-elected.

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^Three states held early elections between June 4 and September 10.
  2. ^Not including special elections
  3. ^abIncludes late elections.
  4. ^Includes two vacancies.
  5. ^abcdefghMartis's figure includes Utah, which held its election in 1895 and is therefore not covered in this article.[1]
  6. ^abcDubin (p. 312) counts 244 Republicans, 105 Democrats, 7 Populists, and 1 Silver at the opening of the54th Congress,before the results of several contested elections were overturned in favor of Republican (and a few Populist) candidates. Dubin counts 253 Republicans, 93 Democrats, 9 Populists, and 1 Silver at the start of the 2nd session of the 54th Congress, which closely matches Martis' figure (pp. 148–49). Dubin's figure includes Utah, which held its election in 1895 and is therefore not covered in this article.
  7. ^Includes five vacancies.
  8. ^Populists won 9 seats and Silver won 1.
  9. ^abcElections held early.
  10. ^Full name unavailable.

References[edit]

  1. ^Martis, pp. 148–49.
  2. ^"Senate and House Secured; Republican Control in the Next Congress Assured".The New York Times.November 9, 1894. p. 5.
  3. ^"African-Americans and Populism".Archived fromthe originalon June 22, 2006.RetrievedJuly 2,2010.
  4. ^Murphy, Paul (1974).Political Parties In American History, Volume 3, 1890-present.G. P. Putnam's Sons.
  5. ^Jensen (1971), Chap. 9.
  6. ^"Our Campaigns - VA - District 07 Special Election Race - Jan 30, 1894".Our Campaigns.
  7. ^"NY - District 14 - History".Our Campaigns.
  8. ^ab"Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results"(PDF).Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on April 5, 2012.RetrievedMarch 8,2022– viaWayback Machine.
  9. ^"Our Campaigns - DE District At Large Race - Nov 06, 1894".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 30,2023.
  10. ^"ID At Large".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 4,2021.
  11. ^"MS - District 01".Our Campaigns.RetrievedMarch 14,2021.
  12. ^"MS - District 02".Our Campaigns.RetrievedMarch 14,2021.
  13. ^"MS - District 03".Our Campaigns.RetrievedMarch 14,2021.
  14. ^"MS - District 04".Our Campaigns.RetrievedMarch 14,2021.
  15. ^"MS - District 05".Our Campaigns.RetrievedMarch 14,2021.
  16. ^"MS - District 06".Our Campaigns.RetrievedMarch 14,2021.
  17. ^"MS - District 07".Our Campaigns.RetrievedMarch 14,2021.
  18. ^"MT At-Large".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 5,2021.
  19. ^"Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Nov 6, 1894".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedSeptember 26,2021.
  20. ^"Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 6, 1894".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedSeptember 26,2021.
  21. ^"Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 6, 1894".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedSeptember 26,2021.
  22. ^"Our Campaigns - NE - District 04 Race - Nov 6, 1894".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedSeptember 26,2021.
  23. ^"Our Campaigns - NE - District 05 Race - Nov 6, 1894".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedSeptember 26,2021.
  24. ^"Our Campaigns - NE - District 06 Race - Nov 6, 1894".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedSeptember 26,2021.
  25. ^"Our Campaigns - NV At-Large Race - Nov 6, 1894".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedMay 1,2023.
  26. ^"ND At Large".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 6,2021.
  27. ^Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898).History of the Republican Party in Ohio.Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 656–57.
  28. ^"Our Campaigns - OR - District 01 Race - Jun 04, 1894".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedNovember 20,2021.
  29. ^"Our Campaigns - OR - District 02 Race - Jun 04, 1894".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedNovember 20,2021.
  30. ^"Our Campaigns - SC - District 01 Race - Nov 06, 1894".www.ourcampaigns.com.
  31. ^"Our Campaigns - SC - District 01 Race - Nov 06, 1894".www.ourcampaigns.com.
  32. ^"SD At Large".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 8,2021.
  33. ^"TN - District 01".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 27,2021.
  34. ^"TN - District 02".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 27,2021.
  35. ^"TN - District 03".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 27,2021.
  36. ^"TN - District 04".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 27,2021.
  37. ^"TN - District 05".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 27,2021.
  38. ^"TN - District 06".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 27,2021.
  39. ^"TN - District 07".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 27,2021.
  40. ^"TN - District 08".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 27,2021.
  41. ^"TN - District 09".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 27,2021.
  42. ^"TN - District 10".Our Campaigns.RetrievedFebruary 27,2021.
  43. ^"TX - District 01".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 7,2024.
  44. ^"TX - District 02".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 7,2024.
  45. ^"TX - District 03".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 7,2024.
  46. ^"TX - District 04".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 7,2024.
  47. ^"TX - District 05".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 7,2024.
  48. ^"TX - District 06".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 7,2024.
  49. ^"TX - District 07".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 7,2024.
  50. ^"TX - District 08".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 7,2024.
  51. ^"TX - District 09".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 7,2024.
  52. ^"TX - District 10".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 7,2024.
  53. ^"TX - District 11".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 7,2024.
  54. ^"TX- District 12".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 7,2024.
  55. ^"TX - District 13".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 7,2024.
  56. ^"WV District 01".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 20,2021.
  57. ^"WV District 02".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 20,2021.
  58. ^"WV District 03".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 20,2021.
  59. ^"WV District 04".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 20,2021.
  60. ^Casson, Henry, ed. (1895)."Biographical Sketches"(PDF).The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin(Report).Madison, Wisconsin:State of Wisconsin. pp. 658–660.RetrievedMarch 8,2022.
  61. ^"WY At-Large".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 12,2021.
  62. ^"Our Campaigns - OK Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 06, 1894".www.ourcampaigns.com.

Bibliography[edit]

External links[edit]