1894 in literature
Appearance
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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1894.
Events
[edit]- February –Oscar Wilde's playSalomeis first published in English, with illustrations byAubrey Beardsley.
- February 15– French anarchistMartial Bourdinaccidentally kills himself while attempting to plant a bomb at theRoyal Observatory, Greenwich,a fictionalised version of which appears inJoseph Conrad's novelThe Secret Agent(1907).
- Early Spring –Mary Antinemigrates from White Russia (Belarus) to the United States with her mother.
- April –The Yellow Bookimprint, edited byHenry Harland,begins publication byJohn LaneandElkin Mathews–The Bodley Head– in London.
- April 21–George Bernard Shaw's playArms and the Manis premièred at theAvenue Theatrein London.[1]
- May – The Scottish writerWilliam SharppublishesPharais,his first novel under thepseudonymFiona MacLeod.
- June – The German novelistHermann Hessebegins an apprenticeship in mechanical engineering at a factory inCalw.
- August 15–A. E. Waitestarts to publish and edit an occult periodical,The Unknown World.
- October –Lafcadio Hearnbegins work as a journalist for the English-languageKobe Chroniclein Japan.
- November 8–Robert Frost's first poem, "My Butterfly" appears inThe New York Independent,which pays him $15.
- December
- An abridgement ofStephen Crane's American Civil War novelThe Red Badge of Courageis first published as a serial inThe Philadelphia Press.
- Arthur Conan Doylepublishes "An Alpine Pass on" Ski "" inThe Strand Magazine(London), popularizingskiingas a sport inSwitzerland.[2]
- December 22–Claude Debussy'ssymphonic poemPrélude à l'après-midi d'un faune,a free interpretation ofStéphane Mallarmé's 1876 poem, "L'Après-midi d'un faune", is premièred in Paris.
- unknown dates
- The U.K.circulating librariesofMudie'sandWHSmithcease to purchasethree-volume novels,killing off the format.[3]
- J. M. Dentbegins in London to publish Temple Shakespeare pocket editions, edited byIsrael Gollancz.
- The Century Romantypeface,first of theCentury type family,is cut byAmerican Type Founders' designerLinn Boyd Benton,originally forTheodore Low De Vinne'sThe Century Magazine.
New books
[edit]Fiction
[edit]- Gabriele D'Annunzio–Il trionfo della morte(The Triumph of Death)
- Clementina Black–The Agitator
- Léon Bloy–Disagreeable Tales
- Mary Elizabeth Braddon–The Christmas Hirelings
- Walter Browne –2894
- Hall Caine
- The Madhi: or Love and Race, A Drama in Story
- The Manxman
- Anton Chekhov– "The Student"(«Студент», published inRusskiye Vedomosti,April)
- Kate Chopin
- Bayou Folk
- "The Story of an Hour"
- Ella Hepworth Dixon–The Story of a Modern Woman
- Arthur Conan Doyle–The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes(collection)
- George du Maurier–Trilby(serialization inHarper's Monthly Magazine)
- Marcellus Emants–Een Nagelaten Bekentenis(A Posthumous Confession)
- Theodor Fontane–Effi Briest(begins serialization inDeutsche Rundschau)
- Mary E. Wilkins Freeman–Pembroke
- George Gissing–In the Year of Jubilee
- Katharine Glasier(as Katharine Conway) –Husband & Brother, a few chapters in a woman's life of to-day
- H. Rider Haggard–The People of the Mist
- Knut Hamsun–Pan
- Robert Hichens–The Green Carnation[4]
- William Dean Howells–A Traveler from Altruria
- Jerome K. Jerome–John Ingerfield: And Other Stories
- Sheridan Le Fanu–The Watcher and Other Weird Stories
- Juhan Liiv– "Vari" ( "The Shadow" )
- Arthur Machen–The Great God Pan(in book form, with "The Innermost Light" )
- Ian Maclaren–Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush[5]
- George A. Moore–Esther Waters
- William Morris–The Wood Beyond the World
- Arthur Morrison–Martin Hewitt: Investigator
- John Muir–The Mountains of California
- Gustavus W. Pope –Journey to Mars
- Bolesław Prus–The New Woman(Emancypantki;book publication)
- Jules Renard–Poil de carotte(Carrot Head)
- Solomon Schindler–Young West
- Flora Annie Steel
- The Flower of Forgiveness
- The Potter's Thumb
- Tales of the Punjab(short stories)
- Stendhal–Lucien Leuwen
- Hermann Sudermann–The Undying Past(Es war)
- Robert Louis StevensonandLloyd Osbourne–The Ebb-Tide
- Mark Twain
- Jules Verne–Captain Antifer
- Mary Augusta Ward–Marcella
- H. G. Wells– "The Red Room"
- Emma Wolf–A Prodigal in Love
- Israel Zangwill–The Bachelors' Club
- Émile Zola–Lourdes
Children and young people
[edit]- Harold Avery
- The Orderly Officer
- The School's Honour
- R. D. Blackmore–Perlycross
- Anthony Hope
- The Dolly Dialogues
- The Prisoner of Zenda
- Rudyard Kipling–The Jungle Book
- E. Nesbit–Miss Mischief
- Talbot Baines Reed–Tom, Dick and Harry
- Margaret Marshall Saunders–Beautiful Joe
- Ethel Turner–Seven Little Australians
Drama
[edit]- Wilson Barrett–The Manxman(adapted fromHall Caine's novel)
- William Gillette–Too Much Johnson(adapted fromMaurice Ordonneau'sLa Plantation Thomassin)
- Martin Greif–Agnes Bernauer, der Engel von Augsburg
- Sydney Grundy
- Henry Arthur Jones–The Case of Rebellious Susan
- Josef Lauff–Ignez de Castro
- Maurice Maeterlinck–The Death of Tintagiles(La Mort de Tintagiles,formarionetteperformance)
- Marc-André RaffalovichandJohn Gray–The Blackmailers
- Victorien Sardou–Gismonda
- George Bernard Shaw–Arms and the Man
Poetry
[edit]- Bliss Carman–Low Tide on Grande Pre: A Book Of Lyrics
- Pierre Louÿs–Songs of Bilitis
- Rainer Maria Rilke–Leben und Lieder
Non-fiction
[edit]- John Bartlett(comp.) –A Complete Concordance or verbal index to words, phrases and passages in the dramatic Works of Shakespeare
- Edward Carpenter–Homogenic Love and Its Place in a Free Society
- Christabel Rose Coleridge–The Daughters Who Have not Revolted(essays)
- Francis Darwin(with E. H. Acton) –The Practical Physiology of Plants
- King Gillette–The Human Drift
- Karl Marx–Das Kapital
- Leo Tolstoy–The Kingdom of God Is Within You(«Царство Божіе внутри васъ»,Tsárstvo Bózhiye vnutrí vas)
Births
[edit]- January 1–Aurora Nilsson,Swedish writer (died1972)
- January 22–Charles Langbridge Morgan,English novelist and dramatist (died1958)[6]
- February 6–Eric Partridge,New Zealand/British lexicographer (died1979)[7]
- February 28–Ben Hecht,American playwright and screen writer (died1964)[8]
- March 14–Nichita Smochină,Transnistrian Romanian ethnographer and journalist (died1980)
- March 17–Paul Green,American novelist andPulitzer Prizewinning playwright (died1981)[9]
- March 23–Mark Slonim,Russian literary historian and critic (died1976)[10]
- April 6–Elinor M. Brent-Dyer,English children's writer (died1969)[11]
- April 7–A. A. Thomson,English cricket and travel writer (died1968)
- May 1–Elizabeth Johanna Bosman,South African author who wrote under the pen name Marie Linde (d.1963)[12]
- May 27
- Louis-Ferdinand Céline,French novelist and pamphleteer (died1961)[13]
- Dashiell Hammett,American detective fiction writer (died1961)[14]
- June 14–W. W. E. Ross,Canadian geophysicist andImagistpoet (died1966)
- June 15–Trygve Gulbranssen,Norwegian novelist, businessman and journalist (died1962)
- June 28–Allardyce Nicoll,British literary scholar (died1976)
- July 8–Claude-Henri Grignon,Canadian novelist, journalist and politician (died1976)
- July 9–Phelps Putnam,American poet (died1948)
- July 18–Isaac Babel,Ukrainian writer (died1940)
- July 26–Aldous Huxley,English novelist and poet (died1963)[15]
- July 30–Păstorel Teodoreanu,Romanian poet and satirist (died1964)
- August 31–Albert Facey,Australian autobiographer (died1982)
- September 2–Joseph Roth,Austrian novelist
- September 6–Howard Pease,American maritime adventure novelist (died1974)
- September 19–Rachel Field,American author and poet (died1942)[16]
- September 23–Momčilo Nastasijević,Serbian poet, novelist and dramatist (died1938)
- October 4–Frans G. Bengtsson,Swedish novelist, essayist, poet and biographer (died1954)
- October 9–Agnes von Krusenstjerna,Swedish writer (died1940)
- October 14–E. E. Cummings,American poet (died1962)[17]
- October 18–H. L. Davis,American fiction writer, Pulitzer Prize winning novelist and poet (died1960)
- October 26–Eugene Jolas,American writer, literary translator and critic (died1952)
- December 8–James Thurber,American cartoonist and humorous writer (died1961)
- December 26
- Håkon Evjenth,Norwegian children's writer (died1951)
- Jean Toomer(Nathan Eugene Pinchback Toomer), African American writer (died1967)
- December 31–Hong Shen( hồng thâm ), Chinese dramatist (died1955)
Deaths
[edit]- January 7–Sophia Alice Callahan,American Muscogee novelist and teacher (born1868)
- February 8–R. M. Ballantyne,Scottish novelist for youth (born1825)[18]
- April 8
- Bankim Chandra Chatterjee,Bengali writer and poet (born1838)[19]
- Harriet Anne Scott,Scottish novelist (born1819)[20]
- April 12–Ludwig Pfau,German poet, journalist, and revolutionary (born1821)
- April 14–Adolf Friedrich von Schack,German poet, literary historian and art collector (born1815)[21]
- April 29–Augusta Theodosia Drane,English religious writer and biographer (born1823)[22]
- May 6–Fanny Murdaugh Downing,American author and poet (born1831)
- May 7
- Frances Elizabeth Barrow,American juvenile literature author (born1822)
- Marie Sophie Schwartz,Swedish novelist (born1819)
- May 19–Caroline M. Sawyer,American poet, writer, and editor (born1812)
- May 20–Edmund Yates,Scottish novelist and dramatist (born1831)[23]
- June 5–Edward Capern,English poet (born1819)[24]
- July 30–Walter Pater,English essayist, critic and novelist (born1839)[25]
- August 6–Otto Müller,German novelist (born1816)[26]
- August 10–Cynthia Roberts Gorton,American poet and author (born1826)[27]
- August 25–Celia Laighton Thaxter,American author (born1835)
- October 8–Oliver Wendell Holmes,American poet and physician (born1809)[28]
- October 20–James Anthony Froude,English historian, novelist and biographer (born1818)[29]
- December 3–Robert Louis Stevenson,Scottish novelist, poet and travel writer (born1850)[30]
- December 9–Mary Bell Smith,American writer, educator, social reformer (born1818)[31]
- December 29–Christina Rossetti,English poet (born1830)[32]
- Unknown dates
- Giuseppe Borrello,Sicilian poet (born1820)
- Nabagopal Mitra,Indian playwright, poet and essayist (born c. 1840)
Awards
[edit]- Newdigate Prize– Frank Taylor[33]
References
[edit]- ^Penguin Pocket On This Day.Penguin Reference Library. 2006.ISBN0-14-102715-0.
- ^"An Alpine Pass on" Ski "".The Strand Magazine.8.London: 657–661. 1894.
- ^Draznin, Yaffa Claire (2001).Victorian London's Middle-Class Housewife: What She Did All Day.Contributions in Women's Studies. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 151.ISBN0-313-31399-7.
- ^Leavis, Q. D.(1965).Fiction and the Reading Public(rev. ed.). London: Chatto & Windus.
- ^Sutherland, John(2007).Bestsellers: a very short introduction.Oxford University Press. p. 85.ISBN978-0-19-921489-1.
- ^The Encyclopedia Americana.Americana Corp. 1980. p. 451.ISBN9780717201112.
- ^Serle, Geoffrey (1988) 'Partridge, Eric Honeywood (1894–1979)',Australian Dictionary of Biography,Volume 11, Melbourne University Press
- ^1894 in literatureat theEncyclopædia Britannica
- ^Roper, John HerbertPaul Green, Playwright of the Real South,Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2003. p. 83.
- ^(in Italian)Giuseppina Giuliano,"Mark L'vovič Slonim",Russi in Italiadatabaseentry
- ^"Elinor Brent-Dyer (1894-1969)".Literary Heritage West Midlands.Shropshire County Council.28 October 2002. Archived fromthe originalon 24 November 2005.Retrieved31 January2018.
- ^De Kock, Sita (1968).Die Bosmans van Suid-Afrika, 1707-1965(in Afrikaans). Pretoria: Van Schaik. p. 33.OCLC814141210.
- ^Merlin Thomas (1979).Louis-Ferdinand Céline.Faber & Faber. p. 13.ISBN9780811217880.
- ^Julian Symons (1985).Dashiell Hammett.Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. IX.ISBN9780805773989.
- ^Sion, Ronald T. (2010).Aldous Huxley and the Search for Meaning: A Study of the Eleven Novels.McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 2.ISBN978-0-7864-4746-6.
- ^Fordyce, Rachel (1978). "Field, Rachel (Lyman)". In Kirkpatrick, D.L. (ed.).Twentieth-century Children's Writers.London: Macmillan. p. 445.ISBN978-0-33323-414-3.
- ^Maynard Mack (1961).Modern poetry.Prentice-Hall. pp. 364–5.
- ^Rennie, Neil (2004). "Ballantyne, Robert Michael (1825–1894)".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.Oxford Dictionary of National Biography(online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1232.(Subscription orUK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature.Merriam-Webster. 1995. p.231.ISBN978-0-87779-042-6.
- ^This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:"Scott, Harriet Anne".Dictionary of National Biography.London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
- ^public domain:Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911). "Schack, Adolf Friedrich, Graf von".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 309–310. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
- ^public domain:Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911). "Drane, Augusta Theodosia".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 546. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
- ^public domain:Chisholm, Hugh,ed. (1911). "Yates, Edmund Hodgson".Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 907–908. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
- ^This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Seccombe, Thomas (1901). "Capern, Edward".InLee, Sidney(ed.).Dictionary of National Biography(1st supplement).London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^"Walter Pater",Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^Franz Brümmer (1906), "Müller, Otto",Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie(in German), vol. 52, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 527–529
- ^Greasley, Philip A. (8 August 2016).Dictionary of Midwestern Literature, Volume 2: Dimensions of the Midwestern Literary Imagination.Indiana University Press. p. 483.ISBN978-0-253-02116-8.
- ^"Walter Pater",Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002(PDF).The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006.ISBN0-902-198-84-X.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2013-01-24.Retrieved2022-10-04.
- ^Gosse, Edmund William(1911). .InChisholm, Hugh(ed.).Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 907–910.
- ^Goodwin, Jennie J. B.; Smith, Mary Perkins Blair-Bell (1899).In Memoriam of Mary Perkins Blair Bell and Smith, 1818-1894.Minneapolis. pp. 1–.OCLC11047204.
{{cite book}}
:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^Gosse, Edmund William(1911). .Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 23 (11th ed.). pp. 746–747.
- ^The Age of Leo the Tenth in Italy. The Newdigate prize poem, 1894(British Library, Historical Print Editions (March 24, 2011))
External links
[edit]- Media related to1894 in literatureat Wikimedia Commons