1902–03 United States Senate elections
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30 of the 90 seats in theU.S. Senate 46 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Results of the elections: Democratic gainDemocratic hold Republican gainRepublican hold | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The1902–03 United States Senate electionswere held on various dates in various states. As theseU.S. Senateelections were prior to the ratification of theSeventeenth Amendmentin 1913, senators were chosen bystate legislatures.Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1902 and 1903, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due tolegislative deadlock.[1]In these elections, terms were up for the senators inClass 3.
TheDemocratic Partygained four seats, but the Republicans kept their strong majority. This election marked the end of the two third parties, thePopulistsandSilver Republicans.Republicans took both Populist seats (IdahoandKansas) along with one Silver Republican seat inWashington.Democrats took the other Silver Republican seat inColoradoas incumbent SenatorHenry Tellerwas re-elected as a Democrat and flipped four Republican seats inMaryland,Kentucky,North Carolina,andNevada.Republicans flipped only one Democratic seat (Utah), but also gained both vacantDelawareseats, which had been empty due to legislative deadlock in 1898 and 1900, respectively.
Besides the double-barrel special elections in Delaware, a special election was held in Michigan.
InFlorida,the legislature failed to elect until shortly after the beginning of the58th Congresson March 4.
Results summary[edit]
Senate party division,58th Congress(1903–1905)
- Majority party: Republican (57)
- Minority party: Democratic (33)
- Vacant (0)
- Total seats: 90
Change in composition[edit]
Before the elections[edit]
After the January 29, 1902, special election in New Jersey.
D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | |||||
D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6 |
D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 Ala. Ran |
D23 Ark. Ran |
D24 Fla. Ran |
D25 Ga. Ran |
SR1 Colo. Ran |
SR2 Wash. Ran |
P1 Kan. Ran |
P2 Idaho Retired |
V2 Del. (sp cl.2) |
V1 Del. (sp cl.1) |
D29 Utah Ran |
D28 S.C. Retired |
D27 Mo. Retired |
D26 La. Ran |
R55 Wisc. Ran |
R54 Vt. Ran |
R53 S.D. Ran |
R52 Pa. Ran |
R51 Ore. Retired |
R50 Ohio Ran |
R49 N.D. Ran |
R48 N.C. Ran |
R47 N.Y. Ran |
R46 N.H. Ran |
Majority → | |||||||||
R36 | R37 | R38 Calif. Ran |
R39 Conn. Ran |
R40 Ind. Ran |
R41 Ill. Retired |
R42 Iowa Ran |
R43 Ky. Retired |
R44 Md. Retired |
R45 Nev. Retired |
R35 | R34 | R33 | R32 | R31 | R30 | R29 | R28 | R27 | R26 |
R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 |
R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6 |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 |
Result of the elections[edit]
D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | |||||
D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6 |
D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 Ala. Re-elected |
D23 Ark. Hold |
D24 Colo. Gain |
D25 Ga. Re-elected |
R56 Wash. Gain |
R57 Wisc. Re-elected |
V3 Fla. D Loss |
D32 S.C. Hold |
D31 N.C. Gain |
D30 Nev. Gain |
D29 Mo. Hold |
D28 Md. Gain |
D27 La. Re-elected |
D26 Ky. Gain |
R55 Vt. Re-elected |
R54 Utah Gain |
R53 S.D. Elected[c] |
R52 Pa. Re-elected |
R51 Ore. Hold |
R50 Ohio Re-elected |
R49 N.D. Re-elected |
R48 N.Y. Re-elected |
R47 N.H. Re-elected |
R46 Kan. Gain |
Majority → | |||||||||
R36 | R37 | R38 Calif. Re-elected |
R39 Conn. Re-elected |
R40 Del. (sp cl.1) Elected |
R41 Del. (sp cl.2) Elected |
R42 Idaho Gain |
R43 Ill. Hold |
R44 Ind. Re-elected |
R45 Iowa Re-elected |
R35 | R34 | R33 | R32 | R31 | R30 | R29 | R28 | R27 | R26 |
R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 |
R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6 |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 |
Beginning of the next Congress[edit]
D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | |||||
D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6 |
D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 |
R56 | R57 | D33 Fla. Appointed |
D32 | D31 | D30 | D29 | D28 | D27 | D26 |
R55 | R54 | R53 | R52 | R51 | R50 | R49 | R48 | R47 | R46 |
Majority → | |||||||||
R36 | R37 | R38 | R39 | R40 | R41 | R42 | R43 | R44 | R45 |
R35 | R34 | R33 | R32 | R31 | R30 | R29 | R28 | R27 | R26 |
R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 |
R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6 |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 |
Key: |
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Race summaries[edit]
Elections during the 57th Congress[edit]
In these elections, the winners were elected and seated during 1902 or in 1903 before March 4.
Elections ordered by date, then state.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Iowa (Class 2) |
Jonathan P. Dolliver | Republican | 1900(Appointed) 1901(Appointed) |
Interim appointeeelectedJanuary 22, 1902.[2] |
|
New Jersey (Class 2) |
William Sewell | Republican | 1895 1901 |
Incumbent died December 27, 1901. New senatorelectedJanuary 28, 1902. Republican hold. |
|
Michigan (Class 2) |
Russell A. Alger | Republican | 1902(Appointed) | Interim appointeeelectedJanuary 20, 1903.[4] |
|
South Dakota (Class 3) |
Alfred B. Kittredge | Republican | 1901(Appointed) | Interim appointeeelectedJanuary 21, 1903.[5] Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. |
|
Delaware (Class 1) |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. New senatorelectedMarch 2, 1903. Republican gain. |
| ||
Delaware (Class 2) |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. New senatorelectedMarch 2, 1903. Republican gain. |
|
Races leading to the 58th Congress[edit]
In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1903; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Alabama | Edmund Pettus | Democratic | 1897 | Incumbentre-electedJanuary 26, 1903.[7] |
|
Arkansas | James K. Jones | Democratic | 1885 1891 1897 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senatorre-electedJanuary 20, 1903.[4] Democratic hold. |
|
California | George Perkins | Republican | 1895(special) 1897 |
Incumbentre-electedJanuary 13, 1903.[8] |
|
Colorado | Henry M. Teller | Silver Republican | 1885 1891 1897 |
Incumbentre-electedJanuary 24, 1903, as a Democrat.[9] Democratic gain. |
|
Connecticut | Orville H. Platt | Republican | 1879 1885 1891 1897 |
Incumbentre-electedJanuary 20, 1903.[4] |
|
Florida | Stephen R. Mallory II | Democratic | 1897 | Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Incumbent was later appointed to begin the term. Incumbent was subsequently re-elected, see below. |
None. |
Georgia | Alexander S. Clay | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbentre-electedNovember 4, 1902.[10] |
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Idaho | Henry Heitfeld | Populist | 1897 | Incumbent retired. New senatorelectedJanuary 13, 1903.[11] Republican gain. |
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Illinois | William E. Mason | Republican | 1897 | Incumbent retired. New senatorelectedJanuary 20, 1903.[4] Republican hold. |
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Indiana | Charles W. Fairbanks | Republican | 1897 | Incumbentre-electedJanuary 20, 1903.[4] |
|
Iowa | William B. Allison | Republican | 1872 1878 1884 1890 1896 |
Incumbentre-electedJanuary 22, 1902.[2] |
|
Kansas | William A. Harris | Populist | 1897 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senatorelectedJanuary 28, 1903.[13] Republican gain. |
|
Kentucky | William J. Deboe | Republican | 1897 | Incumbent retired. New senatorelectedJanuary 15, 1902.[14] Democratic gain. |
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Louisiana | Samuel D. McEnery | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbentre-electedearlyMay 22, 1900.[15] |
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Maryland | George L. Wellington | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent retired. New senatorelectedJanuary 15, 1902.[16] Democratic gain. |
|
Missouri | George G. Vest | Democratic | 1879 1885 1891 1897 |
Incumbent retired. New senatorelectedJanuary 20, 1903.[17] Democratic hold. |
|
Nevada | John P. Jones | Republican | 1873 1879 1885 1891 1897 |
Incumbent retired. New senatorelectedJanuary 27, 1903.[18] Democratic gain. |
|
New Hampshire | Jacob Gallinger | Republican | 1891 1897 |
Incumbentre-electedin 1903. |
|
New York | Thomas C. Platt | Republican | 1881 1881(Resigned) 1897 |
Incumbentre-electedJanuary 20, 1903. |
|
North Carolina | Jeter Pritchard | Republican | 1894(special) 1897 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senatorelectedin 1903. Democratic gain. |
|
North Dakota | Henry C. Hansbrough | Republican | 1891 1897 |
Incumbentre-electedJanuary 20, 1903.[4] |
|
Ohio | Joseph B. Foraker | Republican | 1896 | Incumbentre-electedJanuary 15, 1902.[19] |
|
Oregon | Joseph Simon | Republican | 1898(special) | Incumbent retired. New senatorelectedFebruary 21, 1903.[20] Republican hold. |
|
Pennsylvania | Boies Penrose | Republican | 1897 | Incumbentre-electedJanuary 20, 1903.[4] |
|
South Carolina | John L. McLaurin | Democratic | 1897(Appointed) 1898(special) |
Incumbent retired. New senatorelectedJanuary 27, 1903.[21] Democratic hold. |
|
South Dakota | Alfred B. Kittredge | Republican | 1901(Appointed) 1903(special) |
Interim appointeeelectedJanuary 21, 1903.[22] New senator was also elected to finish the current term, see above. |
|
Utah | Joseph Rawlins | Democratic | 1897 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senatorelectedJanuary 20, 1903.[23] Republican gain. |
|
Vermont | William P. Dillingham | Republican | 1900(special) | Incumbentre-electedOctober 14, 1902.[24] |
|
Washington | George Turner | Silver Republican | 1897 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Democrat. New senatorelectedJanuary 29, 1903.[25] Republican gain. |
|
Wisconsin | John C. Spooner | Republican | 1885 1891(Lost) 1897 |
Incumbentre-electedJanuary 27, 1903.[26] |
|
Election during the 58th Congress[edit]
In this election, the winner was elected in 1903 after March 4.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Florida (Class 3) |
Stephen R. Mallory II | Democratic | 1897 1903(Appointed) |
Interim appointeere-electedApril 22, 1903. |
|
Alabama[edit]
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Arkansas[edit]
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California[edit]
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Colorado[edit]
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Connecticut[edit]
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Delaware[edit]
Delaware (special, class 1)[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/BallHeisler.jpg/125px-BallHeisler.jpg)
In the1898–99 elections,the Delaware legislature had failed to elect a successor to Democratic senatorGeorge Gray.
Four years later, Republican congressmanL. Heisler Ballwas elected in 1903 to finish the term.
He would lose re-election at the 1905 end of the term due to yet another deadlock in the state legislature.
After the advent of popular elections, Ball would return in 1919 for a single full term.
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Delaware (special, class 2)[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/James_Allee.jpg/125px-James_Allee.jpg)
Inthe 1900/1901 elections,the Delaware legislature had failed to elect a successor to Democratic senatorRichard R. Kenney.
Two years later, Republican state senatorJ. Frank Alleewas elected in 1903 to finish the term.
Allee would retire at the end of the term in 1907.
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Florida[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/SRMalloryII.jpg/125px-SRMalloryII.jpg)
The Florida legislature failed to elect a senator by the March 4, 1903, beginning of the term. One-term incumbent DemocratStephen Mallory IIwas therefore appointed to begin the term, pending the late election.
Democratic incumbentStephen Mallory IIwas elected late April 22, 1903, to finish the term.
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Georgia[edit]
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Idaho[edit]
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Illinois[edit]
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Indiana[edit]
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Iowa[edit]
There were two elections due to the death ofJohn H. Gearin 1900.
Iowa (regular)[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/William_B._Allison_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/125px-William_B._Allison_-_Brady-Handy.jpg)
Five-termWilliam B. Allisonwas re-elected to a sixth term January 22, 1902. He wasChairman of the Senate Republican Conference,effectively the leader of the Senate.
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Iowa (special)[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Jonathan_P._Dolliver_-_History_of_Iowa.jpg/125px-Jonathan_P._Dolliver_-_History_of_Iowa.jpg)
First-term RepublicanJohn H. Gearhad died July 14, 1900, and RepublicanJonathan P. Dolliverhad been appointed August 22, 1900, to finish the term ending in 1901 and to the term beginning thereafter, pending a special election.
Dolliver was elected January 22, 1902, to finish the term that would end in 1907.
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Kansas[edit]
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Kentucky[edit]
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Louisiana[edit]
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Maryland[edit]
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80 members of theMaryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
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Arthur Pue Gormanwas elected by an unknown margin, for the Class 3 seat.[27]
Michigan (special)[edit]
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Missouri[edit]
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Nevada[edit]
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New Hampshire[edit]
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New Jersey (special)[edit]
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New York[edit]
The election in New York was held on January 20, 1903, by theNew York State Legislature.
RepublicanThomas C. Platthad previously been re-elected to this seat in1897,and his term would expire on March 3, 1903.
At theState election in November 1902,28 Republicans and 22 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1903–1904) in the State Senate; and 89 Republicans and 61 Democrats were elected for the session of 1903 to the Assembly. State SenatorPatrick F. Trainorwho had been re-elected, died on December 25, 1902, and his successorPeter J. Doolingwas elected only after the senatorial election, on January 27.[28]The126th New York State Legislaturemet from January 6 to April 23, 1903, atAlbany, New York.
The Republican caucus met on January 19. 25 State senators and 84 assemblymen attended, and State SenatorWilliam W. Armstrongpresided. The caucus re-nominated the incumbent U.S. SenatorThomas C. Plattalmost unanimously. A single vote was cast for U.S. Secretary of WarElihu Rootby Assemblyman William A. Denison, ofJefferson County.Besides Denison voting against Platt, a small number of anti-Platt men did not attend the caucus. Boss Platt had forced the nomination of Attorney GeneralJohn C. Daviesto theNew York Supreme Courtin the 5th District, against the local Republican organization's wishes who accused Davies of incompetence. Davies was defeated in a landslide by Democrat Watson M. Rogers although the 5th District was heavily Republican. Thus boss Platt's power began to wane.
Candidate | First ballot |
---|---|
√Thomas C. Platt | 108 |
Elihu Root | 1 |
The Democratic caucus met also on January 19. All 62 State legislators attended, and Assemblyman Charles W. Hinson, ofErie County,presided. They nominatedJohn B. Stanchfieldunanimously. Stanchfield had been Mayor ofElmira,and was defeated when running forGovernor of New Yorkin1900by RepublicanBenjamin B. Odell Jr.
Thomas C. Platt was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected. Three Republican anti-Platt men, State senators Edgar T. Brackett (28th D.),Elon R. Brownand Nathaniel A. Elsberg (15th D.), voted for Elihu Root.
House | Republican | Democratic | Republican | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State Senate (50 members) |
√Thomas C. Platt | 25 | John B. Stanchfield | 21 | Elihu Root | 3 |
State Assembly (150 members) |
√Thomas C. Platt | 86 | John B. Stanchfield | 57 |
Note: The votes were cast on January 20, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 21 to compare nominations, and declare the result.
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North Carolina[edit]
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North Dakota[edit]
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Ohio[edit]
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Oregon[edit]
Pennsylvania[edit]
The election in Pennsylvania was held on January 20, 1903.Boies Penrosewas re-elected by thePennsylvania General Assembly[29]
The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of theHouse of Representativesand theSenate,convened on January 20, 1903. IncumbentRepublicanBoies Penrose,who was elected in1897,was a successful candidate for re-election to another term. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Boies Penrose(Incumbent) | 194 | 76.38 | |
Democratic | James M. Guffey | 52 | 20.47% | |
Republican | Walter F. Leadom | 1 | 0.39% | |
N/A | Not voting | 7 | 2.76% | |
Totals | 254 | 100.00% |
South Carolina[edit]
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South Dakota[edit]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Kittredgealfred.jpg/125px-Kittredgealfred.jpg)
Two-term RepublicanJames H. Kyledied July 1, 1901, and RepublicanAlfred Kittredgewas appointed July 11, 1901, to continue the term, pending a special election.
South Dakota (special)[edit]
RepublicanAlfred Kittredgewas elected January 20, 1903, to finish the term.
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South Dakota (regular)[edit]
RepublicanAlfred Kittredgewas elected January 21, 1903, to the next the term.
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Utah[edit]
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Vermont[edit]
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Washington[edit]
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Wisconsin[edit]
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See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^asRepublican Conference Chairman
- ^asDemocratic Conference Chairman
- ^Appointee elected
References[edit]
- ^"17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)".National Archives and Records Administration.February 8, 2022.
- ^abcClark,p. 247.
- ^"J.F. DRYDEN ELECTED SENATOR".The New York Times.January 29, 1902. p. 3.
- ^abcdefg"United States senators elected".The New York Times.January 21, 1903. p. 3.
- ^ab"Journal of the Senate of the South Dakota Legislature Commencing January 6, 1903, Eighth Session".Proceedings of the Senate.Pierre, South Dakota:296. 1903.
- ^abBailey, Dana R. (1899).History of Minnehaha county, South Dakota.Sioux Falls: Brown & Saenger, ptrs. p. 462.OCLC5862932.RetrievedSeptember 30,2022.
- ^"Senator Pettus Re-elected".The New York Times.January 27, 1903. p. 3.
- ^ab"Perkins of California Re-elected".The New York Times.January 14, 1903. p. 12.
- ^"TELLER IS AGAIN ELECTED".The New York Times.January 25, 1903. p. 1.
- ^ab"Senator Clay of Georgia Re-elected".The New York Times.November 5, 1902. p. 2.
- ^"Idaho Elects Her Senator".The New York Times.January 14, 1903. p. 3.
- ^Senate, Indiana. General Assembly (1903).Journal of the Indiana State Senate During the Sixty-Third Session of the General Assembly commencing Thursday, January 9, 1903.Indianapolis, Indiana.p. 198.
{{cite book}}
:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^abProceedings of the House of Representatives of the State of Kansas. Thirteenth Biennial Session, Topeka, January 13 to March 13, 1903.Topeka, Kansas.1903. pp. 303–306.
{{cite book}}
:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^"MANY VOTES TO ELECT".The New York Times.January 16, 1902. p. 3.
- ^"Louisiana senators Elected".The New York Times.May 23, 1900. p. 2.
- ^"Ratified Mr. German's Election".The New York Times.January 16, 1902. p. 3.
- ^ab"SUCCEEDS SENATOR VEST".The New York Times.January 21, 1903. p. 3.
- ^ab"Mr. Newlands Elected in Nevada".The New York Times.January 28, 1903. p. 2.
- ^ab"SENATOR FORAKER CHOSEN".The New York Times.January 15, 1902. p. 3.
- ^"OREGON SENATOR CHOSEN".The New York Times.February 22, 1903. p. 3.
- ^"South Carolina's Choice".The New York Times.January 28, 1903. p. 8.
- ^ab"Journal of the Senate of the South Dakota Legislature Commencing January 6, 1903, Eighth Session".Proceedings of the Senate.Pierre, South Dakota:299–300. 1903.
- ^ab"REED SMOOT SENATOR".The New York Times.January 21, 1903. p. 3.
- ^"Senator Dillingham Re-elected".The New York Times.October 15, 1902. p. 9.
- ^"Ankeny Elected in Washington".The New York Times.January 30, 1903. p. 1.
- ^"Senator Spooner Re-elected".The New York Times.January 28, 1903. p. 8.
- ^"Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Nov 04, 1902".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedNovember 5,2022.
- ^"DOOLING ELECTED SENATOR"(PDF).The New York Times.January 28, 1903.
- ^ab"U.S. Senate Election - 20 January 1903"(PDF).Wilkes University.RetrievedDecember 22,2013.
Further reading[edit]
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present,via Senate.gov
- Byrd, Robert C.(October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy (ed.).The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992.United States Senate Historical Office(volume 4 Bicentennial ed.).Washington, D.C.:U.S. Government Printing Office.ISBN9780160632563.
- Clark, Dan Elbert (1913)."History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa".Iowa City, Iowa.
- Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007)."Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006".The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project.Wilkes University.
- "PLATT IS RENOMINATED, ONE VOTE AGAINST HIM;...Devery Protest Against an Utterance of Mr. Stanchfield in Democratic Caucus"(PDF).The New York Times.January 20, 1903.
- "MR. PLATT ELECTED AFTER DENUNCIATION"(PDF).The New York Times.January 21, 1903.