1948 Romanian parliamentary election

1948 Romanian parliamentary election

28 March 1948
All 414 seats in theGreat National Assembly 208 seats needed for a majority
First party Second party Third party Leader Petru Groza Petre Bejan Nicolae Lupu Party FP PNL–Bejan PȚD–Lupu Alliance FDP – – Seats won 405 7 2 Seat change 133 68 0 Popular vote 6,959,936 212,438 50,532 Percentage 93.19% 2.84% 0.68% Swing 23.42pp N/A 1.68pp
Prime Ministerbefore election Petru Groza FP ElectedPrime Minister Petru Groza FP

First page ofMonitorul Oficial,official government gazette, having a Democratic People's Front ad

Parliamentary elections were held inRomaniaon 28 March 1948.They were the first elections held undercommunist rule;the communist-dominated parliament had declared Romania apeople's republicafterKing Michaelwas forced to abdicate in December 1947.

With all meaningful opposition having been eliminated, thePeople's Democratic Front(FDP), dominated by the communistRomanian Workers Party(PMR) received 93.2% of the voteand won 405 of the 414 seats in theGreat National Assembly.Within the Front, the PMR and its allies won a total of 201 seats, seven short of a majority in its own right.Rump liberal and peasant parties appeared on the ballot, between them receiving 3.5 percent of the vote and winning nine seats.

Background

In 1945, the Soviet Union all but forced King Michael to appointPetru GrozaasPrime Minister.Soviet emissaryAndrei Vyshinskyhad warned the king that he would be placing Romania's very existence at risk unless he complied.The following year, Groza's pro-Communist government oversaw anelectionthat resulted in a parliament in which the Communist-dominated Bloc of Democratic Parties won over four-fifths of the seats (over 91 percent counting the BPD's allies). The election was far from free; Communist unions hindered delivery of opposition newspapers, and Communist operatives harassed opposition workers.

Over the next two years, the Communists, with Groza's help, consolidated their hold on the country. The turning point came in the second half of 1947, when the government initiated a campaign of harsh repression against the remaining opposition parties. TheNational Peasants' PartyandNational Liberal Party,the two largest opposition parties, were dissolved by the government.The National Peasants' leaders,Iuliu ManiuandIon Mihalache,were tried on charges of plotting to overthrow the government in theTămădău Affair,and were both sentenced to life imprisonment.On 30 December, Groza and Communist leaderGheorghe Gheorghiu-Dejconfronted Michael and forced his abdication.Michael and his personal counselor would later claim this was done with the help of a detachment of troops from the pro-CommunistTudor Vladimirescu Division.Hours later, the Communist-dominated parliament abolished the monarchy and proclaimed Romania a "people's republic".

A month before the elections, the Communists and part of the Social Democrats merged to form the Romanian Workers' Party (PMR). However, Communists retained key posts in the merged party, and used the principle ofdemocratic centralismto ensure that the Social Democrats complied with the new order. The Social Democrats were gradually pushed out altogether, leaving the PMR as the PCR under a new name.At the same time, the National Democratic Front, an electoral alliance dominated by the PMR, was reorganized as the People's Democratic Front.The Front rapidly took on a character similar to other "national fronts"in the emerging Soviet bloc. The front's minor parties became completely subservient to the PMR, and had to accept the PMR's"leading role"as a condition of their continued existence. Despite this, Groza, leader of one of those minor parties, thePloughmen's Front,remained prime minister.

Results

Party or alliance				Votes	%	Seats
	People's Democratic Front		Romanian Workers Party	6,959,936	93.19	190
			Ploughmen's Front			126
			National Popular Party			43
			Hungarian People's Union			30
			PMRaffiliates			11
			Jewish Democratic Committee			5
		Total				405
	National Liberal Party–Bejan			212,438	2.84	7
	Democratic Peasants' Party			50,532	0.68	2
	Independents			245,635	3.29	0
Total				7,468,541	100.00	414
Valid votes				7,468,541	97.49
Invalid/blank votes				192,490	2.51
Total votes				7,661,031	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				8,399,416	91.21
Source: Nohlen & Stöver, Preda

Aftermath

A month after the elections, the parliament, now a pliant rubber stamp of the communists, adopteda new constitution.While all power was nominally derived from the will of the people through the GNA, in practice power was exercised by the PMR, which itself was closely supervised by theKremlin.Soon afterwards, all parties outside the FDP ceased to exist, though Romania had effectively been a single-party state since the monarchy was abolished in December 1947.