1950 United States Senate elections

1950 United States Senate election in Arizona
	County results; Hayden:50–60%60–70%70–80%80–90%
U.S. senatorbefore election; Carl Hayden; Democratic	Elected U.S. Senator; Carl Hayden; Democratic

1950 United States Senate election in Alabama
	County results; Hill:60–70%70–80%80–90%>90%
U.S. senatorbefore election; J. Lister Hill; Democratic	Elected U.S. Senator; J. Lister Hill; Democratic

1950 United States Senate elections
←1949 (NY)
36 of the 96 seats in theUnited States Senate; 49 seats needed for a majority
	Results of the elections:; Democratic gainDemocratic hold; Republican gainRepublican hold; No electionRectangular inset (Conn.,Id.&N. C.): both seats up for election
Majority Leaderbefore election; Scott Lucas; Democratic	ElectedMajority Leader; Ernest McFarland; Democratic

The1950 United States Senate electionsoccurred in the middle ofHarry S. Truman's second term as president. The 32 seats ofClass 3were contested in regular elections, and four special elections were held to fill vacancies. As with most 20th-century second-term midterms, the party not holding the presidency made significant gains. TheRepublicanopposition made a net gain of five seats, taking advantage of theDemocraticadministration's declining popularity during theCold Warand the aftermath of theRecession of 1949.The Democrats held a narrow 49-to-47-seat majority after the election. This was the first time since1932that the Senate majority leader lost his seat, and the only instance of the majority leader losing his seat while his party retained the majority.

Results summary[edit]

↓
49	47
Democratic	Republican

Colored shading indicates party with largest share of that row.

Parties		Democratic	Republican	Other	Total
Parties					Total
Last elections (1948) Before these elections		54	42	0	96
Not up		31	29	—	60
Up		23	13	—	36
	Class 3 (1944→1950)	20	12	—	32
	Special: Class 1	2	0	—	2
	Special: Class 2	1	1	—	2

Incumbent retired		3^[b]	1	—	4
	Held by same party	2	1	—	3
	Replaced by other party	1 Democrat replaced by1 Republican		—	1
	Result	2	2	0	4
Incumbent ran		20	12	—	32
	Won re-election	12	10	—	22
	Lost re-election	1 Republican replaced by1 Democrat 4 Democrats replaced by4 Republicans		—	5
	Lost renomination but held by same party	3	1	—	4
	Lost renomination and party lost	1 Democrat replaced by1 Republican		—	1
	Result	16	16	0	32

Total elected		18	18	0	36
Net change		5	5		5

Nationwide vote		16,374,996	17,023,295	946,945	34,345,236
	Share	47.68%	49.57%	2.76%	100%
Result		49	47	0	96

Source: Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives^[1]

Gains, losses, and holds[edit]

Retirements[edit]

One Republican and three Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election.

State	Senator	Replaced by
California	Sheridan Downey	Richard Nixon
Kansas	Harry Darby	Frank Carlson
Kentucky	Garrett Withers	Earle Clements
Rhode Island	Edward L. Leahy	John Pastore

Defeats[edit]

Two Republicans and eight Democrats sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election.

State	Senator	Replaced by
Florida	Claude Pepper	George Smathers
Idaho	Glen H. Taylor	Herman Welker
Illinois	Scott Lucas	Everett Dirksen
Maryland	Millard Tydings	John Marshall Butler
Missouri	Forrest C. Donnell	Thomas C. Hennings Jr.
North Carolina (special)	Frank Porter Graham	Willis Smith
Oklahoma	Elmer Thomas	Mike Monroney
Pennsylvania	Francis J. Myers	James H. Duff
South Dakota	Chan Gurney	Francis Case
Utah	Elbert D. Thomas	Wallace F. Bennett

Post election changes[edit]

State	Senator	Replaced by
Connecticut	Brien McMahon	William A. Purtell
Kentucky	Virgil Chapman	Thomas R. Underwood
Michigan	Arthur Vandenberg	Blair Moody
Nebraska	Kenneth S. Wherry	Fred A. Seaton

Change in composition[edit]

Before the elections[edit]

		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈
D₃₈ Fla. Ran	D₃₇ Conn. (sp) Ran	D₃₆ Conn. (reg) Ran	D₃₅ Calif. Retired	D₃₄ Ark. Ran	D₃₃ Ariz. Ran	D₃₂ Ala. Ran	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉
D₃₉ Ga. Ran	D₄₀ Ky. (reg) Ky. (sp) Resigned	D₄₁ Idaho (reg) Ran	D₄₂ Ill. Ran	D₄₃ La. Ran	D₄₄ Md. Ran	D₄₅ Nev. Ran	D₄₆ N.Y. Ran	D₄₇ N.C. (reg) Ran	D₄₈ N.C. (sp) Ran
Majority →									D₄₉ Okla. Ran
R₃₉ Ore. Ran	R₄₀ S.D. Ran	R₄₁ Vt. Ran	R₄₂ Wisc. Ran	D₅₄ Wash. Ran	D₅₃ Utah Ran	D₅₂ S.C. Ran	D₅₁ R.I. (sp) Retired	D₅₀ Pa. Ran	D₄₉ Okla. Ran
R₃₈ Ohio Ran	R₃₇ N.D. Ran	R₃₆ N.H. Ran	R₃₅ Mo. Ran	R₃₄ Kan. (reg) Kan. (sp) Retired	R₃₃ Iowa Ran	R₃₂ Ind. Ran	R₃₁ Idaho (sp) Ran	R₃₀ Colo. Ran	R₂₉
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇	R₂₈
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Results of the elections[edit]

		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈
D₃₈ Ga. Re-elected	D₃₇ Fla. Hold	D₃₆ Conn. (sp) Elected^[c]	D₃₅ Conn. (reg) Re-elected	D₃₄ Ark. Re-elected	D₃₃ Ariz. Re-elected	D₃₂ Ala. Re-elected	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉
D₃₉ Ky. (reg) Ky. (sp) Hold	D₄₀ La. Re-elected	D₄₁ Nev. Re-elected	D₄₂ N.Y. Re-elected	D₄₃ N.C. (reg) Re-elected	D₄₄ N.C. (sp) Hold	D₄₅ Okla. Hold	D₄₆ R.I. (sp) Hold	D₄₇ S.C. Re-elected	D₄₈ Wash. Re-elected
Majority →									D₄₉ Mo. Gain
R₃₉ S.D. Hold	R₄₀ Vt. Re-elected	R₄₁ Wisc. Re-elected	R₄₂ Calif. Gain	R₄₃ Idaho (reg) Gain	R₄₄ Ill. Gain	R₄₅ Md. Gain	R₄₆ Pa. Gain	R₄₇ Utah Gain	D₄₉ Mo. Gain
R₃₈ Ore. Re-elected	R₃₇ Ohio Re-elected	R₃₆ N.D. Re-elected	R₃₅ N.H. Re-elected	R₃₄ Kan. (reg) Kan. (sp) Hold	R₃₃ Iowa Re-elected	R₃₂ Ind. Re-elected	R₃₁ Idaho (sp) Elected^[c]	R₃₀ Colo. Re-elected	R₂₉
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇	R₂₈
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Key:

D_#	Democratic
R_#	Republican

Race summaries[edit]

Special elections during the 81st Congress[edit]

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1950 or before January 3, 1951; ordered by election date.

State (linked to summaries below)	Incumbent			Results (linked to election articles)	Candidates
State (linked to summaries below)	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results (linked to election articles)	Candidates
Connecticut (Class 1)	William Benton	Democratic	1949(Appointed)	Interim appointeeelectedNovember 7, 1950.	▌YWilliam Benton(Democratic) 49.2% ▌Prescott Bush(Republican) 49.1%
Idaho (Class 2)	Henry Dworshak	Republican	1946(special) 1948(Lost) 1949(Appointed)	Interim appointeeelectedNovember 7, 1950.	▌YHenry Dworshak(Republican) 51.9% ▌Claude J. Burtenshaw (Democratic) 48.1%
Kansas (Class 3)	Harry Darby	Republican	1949(Appointed)	Interim appointee retired November 28, 1950 when successor's election was certified. SuccessorelectedNovember 7, 1950. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to finish the term; see below.	▌YFrank Carlson(Republican) 55.2% ▌Paul Aiken (Democratic) 44.8%
Kentucky (Class 3)	Garrett Withers	Democratic	1949(Appointed)	Interim appointee resigned to trigger special election. SuccessorelectedNovember 7, 1950. Democratic hold. Winner was also elected to finish the term; see below.	▌YEarle Clements(Democratic) 54.4% ▌Charles I. Dawson(Republican) 45.6%
North Carolina (Class 2)	Frank Porter Graham	Democratic	1949(Appointed)	Interim appointee lost nomination to finish term. WinnerelectedNovember 7, 1950. Democratic hold.	▌YWillis Smith(Democratic) 67.0% ▌E. L. Gavin(Republican) 32.6%
Rhode Island (Class 1)	Edward L. Leahy	Democratic	1949(Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. WinnerelectedNovember 7, 1950. Democratic hold.	▌YJohn Pastore(Democratic) 61.6% ▌Austin T. Levy(Republican) 38.4%

Races leading to the 82nd Congress[edit]

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on January 3, 1951; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State (linked to summaries below)	Incumbent			Results (linked to election articles)	Candidates
State (linked to summaries below)	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results (linked to election articles)	Candidates
Alabama	J. Lister Hill	Democratic	1938(Appointed) 1938(special) 1938 1944	Incumbentre-elected.	▌YJ. Lister Hill(Democratic) 76.5% ▌John G. Crommelin(Independent) 23.5%
Arizona	Carl Hayden	Democratic	1926 1932 1938 1944	Incumbentre-elected.	▌YCarl Hayden(Democratic) 62.8% ▌Bruce Brockett (Republican) 37.2%
Arkansas	J. William Fulbright	Democratic	1944	Incumbentre-elected.	▌YJ. William Fulbright(Democratic) Unopposed
California	Sheridan Downey	Democratic	1938 1944	Incumbent renominated, but then retired due to ill health. New senatorelected. Republican gain. Winner was appointed December 1, 1950 to finish the therm.	▌YRichard Nixon(Republican) 59.2% ▌Helen Gahagan Douglas(Democratic) 40.8%
Colorado	Eugene Millikin	Republican	1941(Appointed) 1942 1944	Incumbentre-elected.	▌YEugene Millikin(Republican) 53.3% ▌John A. Carroll(Democratic) 46.8%
Connecticut	Brien McMahon	Democratic	1944	Incumbentre-elected.	▌YBrien McMahon(Democratic) 51.7% ▌Joseph E. Talbot(Republican) 46.6%
Florida	Claude Pepper	Democratic	1936(special) 1938 1944	Incumbent lost renomination. New senatorelected. Democratic hold.^[2]	▌YGeorge Smathers(Democratic) 76.2% ▌John P. Booth (Republican) 23.7%
Georgia	Walter F. George	Democratic	1922(special) 1926 1932 1938 1944	Incumbentre-elected.	▌YWalter F. George(Democratic) Unopposed
Idaho	Glen H. Taylor	Democratic	1944	Incumbent lost renomination. New senatorelected. Republican gain.	▌YHerman Welker(Republican) 61.7% ▌D. Worth Clark(Democratic) 38.3%
Illinois	Scott W. Lucas	Democratic	1938 1944	Incumbent lost re-election. New senatorelected. Republican gain.	▌YEverett Dirksen(Republican) 53.9% ▌Scott W. Lucas(Democratic) 45.8%
Indiana	Homer E. Capehart	Republican	1944	Incumbentre-elected.	▌YHomer E. Capehart(Republican) 52.8% ▌Alexander M. Campbell(Democratic) 46.4%
Iowa	Bourke B. Hickenlooper	Republican	1944	Incumbentre-elected.	▌YBourke B. Hickenlooper(Republican) 54.8% ▌Albert J. Loveland(Democratic) 44.7%
Kansas	Harry Darby	Republican	1949(Appointed)	Incumbent retired. New senatorelected. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to finish the current term; see above.	▌YFrank Carlson(Republican) 54.3% ▌Paul Aiken(Democratic) 43.8%
Kentucky	Garrett Withers	Democratic	1949(Appointed)	Incumbent retired. New senatorelected. Democratic hold. Incumbent resigned to trigger special election and winner was also elected to finish the current term; see above.	▌YEarle Clements(Democratic) 54.2% ▌Charles I. Dawson(Republican) 45.1%
Louisiana	Russell B. Long	Democratic	1948(special)	Incumbentre-elected.	▌YRussell B. Long(Democratic) 87.7% ▌Charles S. Gerth(Republican) 12.3%
Maryland	Millard Tydings	Democratic	1944	Incumbent lost re-election. New senatorelected. Republican gain.	▌YJohn Marshall Butler(Republican) 53.0% ▌Millard Tydings(Democratic) 46.0%
Missouri	Forrest C. Donnell	Republican	1944	Incumbent lost re-election. New senatorelected. Democratic gain.	▌YThomas C. Hennings Jr.(Democratic) 53.6% ▌Forrest C. Donnell(Republican) 46.4%
Nevada	Pat McCarran	Democratic	1932 1938 1944	Incumbentre-elected.	▌YPat McCarran(Democratic) 58.0% ▌George E. Marshall(Republican) 42.0%
New Hampshire	Charles W. Tobey	Republican	1938 1944	Incumbentre-elected.	▌YCharles W. Tobey(Republican) 55.7% ▌Emmet J. Kelley(Democratic) 38.0% ▌Wesley Powell(Independent) 6.3%
New York	Herbert H. Lehman	Democratic	1949(special)	Incumbentre-elected.	▌YHerbert H. Lehman(Democratic) 50.3% ▌Joe R. Hanley(Republican) 45.3%
North Carolina	Clyde R. Hoey	Democratic	1932 1932(special) 1938 1944	Incumbentre-elected.	▌YClyde R. Hoey(Democratic) 68.7% ▌Halsey B. Leavitt(Republican) 31.3%
North Dakota	Milton Young	Republican	1945(Appointed) 1946(special)	Incumbentre-elected.	▌YMilton Young(Republican) 67.6% ▌Harry O'Brien (Democratic) 32.4%
Ohio	Robert A. Taft	Republican	1938 1944	Incumbentre-elected.	▌YRobert A. Taft(Republican) 57.5% ▌Joseph T. Ferguson(Democratic) 42.5%
Oklahoma	Elmer Thomas	Democratic	1926 1932 1938 1944	Incumbent lost renomination. New senatorelected. Democratic hold.	▌YMike Monroney(Democratic) 54.8% ▌W. H. Bill Alexander(Republican) 45.2%
Oregon	Wayne Morse	Republican	1944	Incumbentre-elected.	▌YWayne Morse(Republican) 74.8% ▌Howard Latourette(Democratic) 23.2%
Pennsylvania	Francis J. Myers	Democratic	1944	Incumbent lost re-election. New senatorelected. Republican gain.	▌YJames H. Duff(Republican) 51.3% ▌Francis J. Myers(Democratic) 47.7%
South Carolina	Olin D. Johnston	Democratic	1944	Incumbentre-elected.	▌YOlin D. Johnston(Democratic) Unopposed
South Dakota	Chan Gurney	Republican	1938 1944	Incumbent lost renomination. New senatorelected. Republican hold.	▌YFrancis Case(Republican) 63.9% ▌John A. Engel(Democratic) 36.1%
Utah	Elbert D. Thomas	Democratic	1932 1938 1944	Incumbent lost re-election. New senatorelected. Republican gain.	▌YWallace F. Bennett(Republican) 53.9% ▌Elbert D. Thomas(Democratic) 45.8%
Vermont	George Aiken	Republican	1940(special) 1944	Incumbentre-elected.	▌YGeorge Aiken(Republican) 78.0% ▌James E. Bigelow(Democratic) 22.0%
Washington	Warren Magnuson	Democratic	1944(Appointed) 1944	Incumbentre-elected.	▌YWarren Magnuson(Democratic) 53.4% ▌Walter Williams(Republican) 46.0%
Wisconsin	Alexander Wiley	Republican	1938 1944	Incumbentre-elected.	▌YAlexander Wiley(Republican) 53.3% ▌Thomas E. Fairchild(Democratic) 46.2% ▌Edwin Knappe(Socialist) 0.4%

Closest races[edit]

Fifteen races had a margin of victory under 10%:

State	Party of winner	Margin
Connecticut (special)	Democratic	0.1%
Pennsylvania	Republican (flip)	3.6%
Idaho (special)	Republican	3.8%
New York	Democratic	5.0%^[d]
Connecticut	Democratic	5.1%
Indiana	Republican	6.4%
Colorado	Republican	6.5%
Maryland	Republican (flip)	7.0%
Wisconsin	Republican	7.1%
Missouri	Democratic (flip)	7.2%
Washington	Democratic	7.4%
Utah	Republican (flip)	8.03%
Illinois	Republican (flip)	8.12%
Kentucky	Democratic	9.1%
Oklahoma	Democratic	9.2%

Alabama[edit]

Alabama election^[1]^[3]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Democratic	J. Lister Hill(Incumbent)	125,534	76.54%	5.24
	Independent	John G. Crommelin	38,477	23.46%	N/A
Total votes			164,011	100.00%
	Democratichold		Swing

Arizona[edit]

Incumbent Democratic U.S. senatorCarl Haydenran for re-election to a fifth term, defeating Republican nominee Bruce Brockett in the general election. Brockett was formerly the Republican nominee for governor in both 1946 and 1948. Hayden first defeated Cecil H. Miller and Robert E. Miller (of the Arizona Farm Bureau), for the Democratic nomination.

Democratic primary^[4]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Carl Hayden(Incumbent)	95,544	70.97%
	Democratic	Cecil H. Miller	24,340	18.08%
	Democratic	Robert E. Miller	14,752	10.96%
Total votes			134,636	100.00%

General election^[5]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Carl Hayden(Incumbent)	116,246	62.80%
	Republican	Bruce Brockett	68,846	37.20%
Majority			47,400	25.60%
Turnout			185,092
	Democratichold

Arkansas[edit]

Arkansas election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	J. William Fulbright(Incumbent)	302,686	100.00%
	Democratichold

California[edit]

1950 United States Senate election in California

←1944

November 7, 1950

1954 (special)→


Nominee	Richard Nixon	Helen Gahagan Douglas
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	2,183,454	1,502,507
Percentage	59.23%	40.76%

County Results

Nixon:50–60%60–70%70–80%

Douglas:50–60%

U.S. senatorbefore election

Sheridan Downey
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Richard Nixon
Republican

California election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Richard Nixon	2,183,454	59.23%
	Democratic	Helen Gahagan Douglas	1,502,507	40.76%
	None	Scattering	354	0.01%
Majority			680,947	18.47%
Turnout			3,686,315
	RepublicangainfromDemocratic

Colorado[edit]

1950 United States Senate election in Colorado

←1944

November 7, 1950

1956→


Nominee	Eugene Millikin	John A. Carroll
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	239,724	210,442
Percentage	53.25%	46.75%

Results by county
Millikin:50–60%60–70%
Carroll:50–60%60–70%

U.S. senatorbefore election

Eugene Millikin
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Eugene Millikin
Republican

Colorado election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Eugene Millikin(Incumbent)	239,724	53.25%
	Democratic	John A. Carroll	210,442	46.75%
Majority			29,282	6.50%
Turnout			450,166
	Republicanhold

Connecticut[edit]

Connecticut's senators

Brien McMahon
Class 3

Connecticut (special)[edit]

Connecticut special election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	William Benton(incumbent)	431,413	50.06%
	Republican	Prescott Bush	430,311	49.94%
Majority			1,102	0.08%
Turnout			861,724
	Democratichold

Connecticut (regular)[edit]

Connecticut regular election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Brien McMahon(Incumbent)	453,646	52.58%
	Republican	Joseph E. Talbot	409,053	47.42%
Majority			44,593	5.16%
Turnout			862,699
	Democratichold

Florida[edit]

1950 United States Senate election in Florida

←1944

November 7, 1950

1956→


Nominee	George Smathers	John P. Booth
Party	Democratic	Republican
Popular vote	238,987	74,228
Percentage	76.30%	23.70%

County results
Smathers:50–60%60–70%70–80%80–90%>90%
Booth:50–60%

Senator before election

Claude Pepper
Democratic

Elected Senator

George Smathers
Democratic

Democratic incumbent SenatorClaude Pepperlost renomination May 2, 1950 toGeorge A. Smathers,who easily won the general election.^[2]

The Democratic primary for the 1950 United States Senate election in Florida was described as the "most bitter and ugly campaigns inFloridapolitical history. "Ormund Powers, aCentral Floridahistorian, noted thatABCandNBCcommentatorDavid Brinkleysaid that "the Pepper-Smathers campaign would always stand out in his mind as the dirtiest in the history of American politics". On January 12, 1950, U.S. RepresentativeGeorge A. Smathersdeclared his candidacy for the race inOrlandoat Kemp's Coliseum, where about 3,000 supporters had gathered.^[6]In his opening speech, Smathers accused Pepper of being "the leader of the radicals and extremists", an advocate of treason, and a person against the constitutional rights of Americans.^[7]Ed Ball,a power in state politics who had broken with Pepper, financed his opponent, Smathers.^[8]

Prior to the entry of Smathers and Pepper, Orlando attorney James G. Horrell campaigned for the seat. Horrell researched Pepper's weaknesses and the state's voters. Horrell also compiled a list of communist-front groups that Pepper had communicated with. On the day that Pepper declared his candidacy, Horrell withdrew and endorsed Smathers. Horrell also sent his reports about Pepper to Smathers, which he used throughout the next few months. This would also prevent the chance of a run-off election. In late February and early March, theJacksonville Journalconducted a poll in 11countiesimportant for the election. Smathers led by about 2-to-1 and dominated inDuval,Pinellas,andVolusiacounties, while he was also statistically tied with Pepper inDade,Escambia,andHillsboroughcounties. However, Smathers did not trail in any of the 11 counties.^[9]

Smathers repeatedly attacked "Red Pepper" for having communist sympathies, condemning both his support foruniversal health careand his alleged support for theSoviet Union.Pepper had traveled to the Soviet Union in 1945 and, after meeting Soviet leaderJoseph Stalin,declared he was "a man Americans could trust."^[8]Additionally, although Pepper supported universal health care, sometimes referred to as "socialized medicine", Smathers would vote for "socialized medicine" in the Senate when it was introduced asMedicarein 1965. InThe Saturday Evening Post,even respected writer and notoriousanti-segregationeditorRalph McGilllabeled Pepper a "spell-bindingpinko".^[7]Beginning on March 28 and until the day of the primary, Smathers named one communist organization each day that Pepper addressed, starting with the American Slav Congress.^[9]

Pepper's opponents circulated widely a 49-page booklet titledThe Red Record of Senator Claude Pepper.It contained photographs and headlines from several communist publications such as theDaily Worker.^[7]In April theDaily Workerendorsed Pepper, with Communist Party of Florida leader George Nelson warning that a Smathers victory would "strengthen the Dixiecrat-KKK forces in Florida as well as throughout the South."^[9]The booklet also made it seem as if Pepper desired to give Russia nuclear bomb-making instructions, billions of dollars, and the United States' natural resources. There was also a double-page montage of Pepper in 1946 atNew York City'sMadison Square Gardenwithprogressive Henry A. Wallaceand civil rights activistPaul Robeson,and quoted Pepper speaking favorably of both of them.^[7]Throughout the campaign, Pepper denied sympathizing with communism.^[10]

Simultaneous to this election, then-U.S. House RepresentativeRichard Nixonwasrunning for the Senate seatinCalifornia.In a letter from SenatorKarl E. MundtofSouth Dakota,he told Nixon that "It occurs to me that if Helen is your opponent in the fall, something of a similar nature might well be produced", in reference toThe Red Record of Senator Claude Pepperand a similar Democratic primary betweenManchester BoddyandHelen Gahagan Douglas.^[11]

Race also played a role in the election. Labor unions began a voter registration drive, which mostly added African Americans to the voter rolls. Smathers accused the "Northern labor bosses" of paying black people to register and vote for Pepper. Shortly after Smathers declared his candidacy, he indicated to the Florida Peace Officers Association that he would defend law enforcement officers for free if they were found guilty of civil rights violations.^[7]With the election occurring during the era ofracial segregation,Pepper was portrayed as favoring integration and interracial marriage. He was also labeled a "nigger lover" and accused byOrlando Sentinelpublisher Martin Andersen of shaking hands with a black woman inSanford.InDade County,which had a significant black and Jewish population, doctored photographs depicting Smathers in aKu Klux Klanhood were distributed.^[12]

In theGroveland Case,four young African American men – Charles Greenlee,Walter Irvin,Samuel Shepherd, and Ernest Thomas – known as theGroveland Four,were accused of raping a 17-year old white women inGrovelandon July 16, 1949. Thomas fled the area but was later shot and killed by police. Greenlee, Irvin, and Shepherd were convicted by an all-white jury. After theSt. Petersburg Timesquestioned the verdict in April 1950,Lake CountyState Attorney J. W. Hunter, a supporter of Pepper, demanded that Pepper repudiate the news articles. However, Pepper refused. Hunter then denounced Pepper and endorsed Smathers. In addition to the racial violence,cross burningwas also common at the time, with five inJacksonville,ten in Orlando andWinter Park,and seventeen in theTallahassee area.^[9]

With the accusation of "Northern labor bosses" sending "the carpetbaggers of 1950" to Florida on his behalf, Pepper reminded voters that Smathers was born inNew Jerseyand sometimes referred to him as a "damn Yankee intruder". In response, Smathers decorated speaking platform in the colors of his alma mater at theUniversity of Florida,orange and blue, while informing his supporters that Pepper graduated fromHarvard Law School.^[7]

Powers noted that throughout the campaign, "scarcely a day passed" without Andersen writing a news story, column, or editorial that was very positive of Smathers or highly critical of Pepper.^[6]Thirty-eight daily newspapers in Florida endorsed Smathers, while only theSt. Petersburg TimesandThe Daytona Beach News-Journalendorsed Pepper. Among the newspapers that supported Smathers were theMiami Herald,owned byJohn S. Knight,and theMiami Daily News,published byJames M. Cox,a formerGovernor of Ohioand the Democratic Party nominee for the1920 presidential election.However, Pepper's aides compared this situation to whenAlf Landonwas endorsed by more editors and newspapers than Franklin Roosevelt in1936,but received far fewer votes than him.^[13]

Smathers performed generally well across many areas of the state, with the exception ofMiami,Tampa,and theFlorida Panhandle.On the morning after the election, Andersen wrote on the front-page headline of theOrlando Sentinel,"Praise God From Whom All Blessings Flow... We Have Won from Hell to Breakfast And From Dan to Beersheba... And Staved Off Socialism", which was inspired by a headline inThe New York TimescelebratingLawrence of Arabia's victory over the Turks in 1917.^[6]

Democratic primary results
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	George Smathers	387,315	54.78%
	Democratic	Claude Pepper	319,754	45.22%
Total votes			707,069	100%

Smathers defeated Republican John P. Booth in a landslide in the general election on November 7. Results indicated that Smathers received 76.3% of the vote compared to just 23.7% for Booth. In the popular vote, Smathers garnered 238,987 votes versus 74,228 for Booth.^[14]Smathers fared well throughout the state and won all but Pinellas County.^[15]

Florida election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	George A. Smathers	238,987	76.30%
	Republican	John P. Booth	74,228	23.70%
Majority			164,759	52.60%
Turnout			313,215
	Democratichold

Georgia[edit]

Five-term Democratic SenatorWalter F. Georgewas re-elected without opposition.

Georgia election^[1]^[16]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Walter F. George(Incumbent)	261,290	100.00%
	Democratichold

George would retire after this term.

Idaho[edit]

There were two elections on the same day due to the October 8, 1949 death of one-term DemocratBert H. Miller.

Idaho (special)[edit]

Republican former-senatorHenry Dworshak— who hadlost re-election to Miller in 1948— was appointed to continue the term pending a special election to the class 2 seat, which he then won.

Idaho special election^[1]^[17]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Henry Dworshak(Incumbent)	104,608	51.86%
	Democratic	Claude J. Burtenshaw	97,092	48.14%
Majority			7,516	3.72%
Turnout			201,700	34.27%
	Republicanhold

Idaho (regular)[edit]

One-term DemocratGlen H. Taylorlost renomination to the class 3 seat to his predecessorD. Worth Clark.^[18]Taylor had beaten Clark for the Democratic nomination in 1944, and this year Clark did the same to him. However, in the general election, Clark was easily beaten by Republican State senatorHerman Welker.

Idaho election^[1]^[19]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Herman Welker	124,237	61.68%
	Democratic	D. Worth Clark	77,180	38.32%
Majority			47,057	23.36%
Turnout			201,417	34.22%
	RepublicangainfromDemocratic

Illinois[edit]

1950 United States Senate election in Illinois

←1944

November 7, 1950

1956→


Nominee	Everett M. Dirksen	Scott W. Lucas
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	1,951,984	1,657,630
Percentage	53.88%	45.76%

County results
Dirksen:40–50%50-60%60-70%70-80%
Lucas:40–50%50–60%60–70%

Senator before election

Scott W. Lucas
Democratic

Elected Senator

Everett M. Dirksen
Republican

Illinois election^[1]^[20]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Everett Dirksen	1,951,984	53.88%
	Democratic	Scott W. Lucas(Incumbent)	1,657,630	45.76%
	Prohibition	Enoch A. Holtwick	13,050	0.36%
	Write-in	Others	9	0.00
Majority			294,354	8.12%
Turnout			3,622,673
	RepublicangainfromDemocratic

Indiana[edit]

1950 United States Senate election in Indiana

←1944

November 7, 1950

1956→


Nominee	Homer Capehart	Alexander M. Campbell
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	844,303	741,025
Percentage	52.81%	46.35%

County results
Capehart:40-50%50–60%60–70%
Campbell:40-50%50–60%

U.S. senatorbefore election

Homer Capehart
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Homer Capehart
Republican

First-term RepublicanHomer E. Capehartwas re-elected.

Indiana election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Homer E. Capehart(Incumbent)	844,303	52.81%
	Democratic	Alexander M. Campbell	741,025	46.35%
	Prohibition	Lester N. Abel	13,396	0.84%
Majority			103,278	6.46%
Turnout			1,598,724	40.64%
	Republicanhold

Capehart would winre-election again in 1956,butlose his seat in 1962.

Iowa[edit]

1950 United States Senate election in Iowa

←1944

November 7, 1950

1956→


Nominee	Bourke B. Hickenlooper	Albert J. Loveland
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	470,613	383,766
Percentage	54.82%	44.70%

Hickenlooper:50–60%60–70%
Loveland:40–50%50–60%

U.S. senatorbefore election

Bourke B. Hickenlooper
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Bourke B. Hickenlooper
Republican

One-term RepublicanBourke B. Hickenlooperwas re-elected.

Iowa election^[1]^[21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Bourke B. Hickenlooper(Incumbent)	470,613	54.82%
	Democratic	Albert J. Loveland	383,766	44.70%
	Prohibition	Z. Everett Kellum	3,273	0.38%
	States' Rights	Ernest J. Seemann	571	0.07%
	Socialist Labor	Leslie O. Ludwig	300	0.03%
Majority			86,847	10.12%
Turnout			858,523	32.75%
	Republicanhold

Hickenlooper would continue serving in the Senate until his retirement in 1969.

Kansas[edit]

There were 2 elections to the same seat on the same day due to the November 8, 1949 death of two-term RepublicanClyde M. Reed.Governor of Kansas Frank Carlsonappointed fellow-RepublicanHarry DarbyDecember 2, 1949 to continue the term, pending a special election. Carlson won both elections and was seated November 29, 1950.

Kansas (special)[edit]

Kansas special election^[1]^[22]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Frank Carlson	321,718	55.17%
	Democratic	Paul Aiken	261,405	44.83%
Majority			60,313	10.34%
Turnout			583,123	30.61%
	Republicanhold

Kansas (regular)[edit]

Kansas regular election^[1]^[23]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Frank Carlson	335,880	54.25%
	Democratic	Paul Aiken	271,365	43.83%
	Prohibition	Verne L. Damon	11,859	1.92%
Majority			64,515	10.42%
Turnout			619,104	32.49%
	Republicanhold

Kentucky[edit]

There were 2 elections to the same seat on the same day, due to the January 19, 1949 resignation of DemocratAlben W. Barkleyto becomeU.S. Vice President.Governor of Kentucky Earle Clementsappointed fellow-DemocratGarrett L. Withersto continue the term, pending a special election. The winner of the special election would complete the current term, from November until the start of thenext Congresson January 3, while the regular election was for the full term from 1951 to 1957. Clements, himself, won both elections and was sworn in on November 27, 1950. Witherslater served one termin the U.S. House of Representatives.

Kentucky (special)[edit]

Kentucky special election^[1]^[24]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Earle Clements	317,320	54.40%
	Republican	Charles I. Dawson	265,994	45.60%
Majority			51,326	8.80%
Turnout			583,314	19.82%
	Democratichold

Kentucky (regular)[edit]

Kentucky election

←1944

1956→


Nominee	Earle Clements	Charles I. Dawson
Party	Democratic	Republican
Popular vote	334,249	278,368
Percentage	54.16%	45.11%

County results
Clements:40–50%50–60%60–70%70–80%80–90%
Dawson:40–50%50–60%60–70%70–80%80–90%

U.S. senatorbefore election

Garrett L. Withers
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Earle Clements
Democratic

Kentucky regular election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Earle Clements	334,249	54.16%
	Republican	Charles I. Dawson	278,368	45.11%
	Independent	James E. Olson	4,496	0.73%
Majority			55,881	9.05%
Turnout			617,113
	Democratichold

Louisiana[edit]

1950 United States Senate election in Louisiana

←1948 (special)

November 7, 1950

1956→


Nominee	Russell B. Long	Charles S. Gerth
Party	Democratic	Republican
Popular vote	220,907	30,931
Percentage	87.72%	12.28%

Parish results
Long:70–80%80–90%>90%

U.S. senatorbefore election

Russell B. Long
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Russell B. Long
Democratic

Louisiana election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Russell Long(Incumbent)	220,907	87.72%
	Republican	Charles S. Gerth	30,931	12.28%
Majority			189,976	75.44%
Turnout			251,838
	Democratichold

Maryland[edit]

1950 United States Senate election in Maryland

←1944

November 7, 1950

1956→


Nominee	John Marshall Butler	Millard Tydings
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	326,291	283,180
Percentage	53.00%	46.00%

County results
Butler:50–60%60–70%
Tydings:40–50%50–60%60–70%

U.S. senatorbefore election

Millard Tydings
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

John Marshall Butler
Republican

Maryland election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	John Marshall Butler	326,921	53.00%
	Democratic	Millard E. Tydings(Incumbent)	283,180	46.00%
	Progressive	Sam Fox	6,143	1.00%
Majority			43,741	7.00%
Turnout			615,614
	RepublicangainfromDemocratic

Missouri[edit]

Missouri election

←1944

1956→


Nominee	Thomas C. Hennings Jr.	Forrest C. Donnell
Party	Democratic	Republican
Popular vote	685,732	592,922
Percentage	53.60%	46.34%

County results
Hennings:50–60%60–70%70–80%80–90%
Donnell:50–60%60–70%70–80%80–90%

U.S. senatorbefore election

Edward V. Long
Democratic

Elected U.S. senator

Edward V. Long
Democratic

Missouri election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Thomas C. Hennings Jr.	685,732	53.60%
	Republican	Forrest C. Donnell(Incumbent)	592,922	46.34%
	Christian Nationalist	John W. Hamilton	610	0.05%
	Socialist Labor	Henry W. Genck	150	0.01%
Majority			92,810	7.26%
Turnout			1,279,414
	DemocraticgainfromRepublican

Nevada[edit]

1950 United States Senate election in Nevada

←1944

November 7, 1950

1954 (special)→


Nominee	Pat McCarran	George E. Marshall
Party	Democratic	Republican
Popular vote	35,829	25,993
Percentage	58.01%	41.99%

County results
McCarran:50–60%60–70%70–80%
Marshall:50–60%

U.S. senatorbefore election

Pat McCarran
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Pat McCarran
Democratic

Nevada election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Pat McCarran(Incumbent)	35,829	58.01%
	Republican	George E. Marshall	25,933	41.99%
Majority			9,896	16.02%
Turnout			61,762
	Democratichold

New Hampshire[edit]

New Hampshire election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Charles W. Tobey(Incumbent)	106,142	55.99%
	Democratic	Emmet J. Kelley	72,473	38.23%
	Write-In	Wesley Powell	10,943	5.77%
Majority			33,669	17.76%
Turnout			189,558
	Republicanhold

New York[edit]

1950 United States Senate election in New York

←1949 (special)

November 7, 1950

1956→


Nominee	Herbert H. Lehman	Joe Hanley
Party	Democratic	Republican
Alliance	Liberal
Popular vote	2,632,313	2,367,353
Percentage	50.35%	45.28%

County results
Lehman:40–50%50–60%60–70%
Hanley:40-50%50-60%60-70%70–80%

Senator before election

Herbert H. Lehman
Democratic

Elected Senator

Herbert H. Lehman
Democratic

TheSocialist Workersstate convention met on July 9, and nominated Joseph Hansen for the U.S. Senate.^[25]

TheAmerican Laborstate convention met on September 6 and nominatedW.E.B. DuBoisfor the U.S. Senate.^[26]

TheRepublicanstate convention met on September 7 atSaratoga Springs, New York.They re-nominated Lieutenant Governor Joe R. Hanley for the U.S. Senate.^[27]

TheDemocraticstate convention met on September 7 atRochester, New York,and re-nominated the incumbent U.S. senator Herbert H. Lehman^[28]

TheLiberalstate convention met on September 6 and 7 at theStatler HotelinNew York City,and endorsed Democratic nominee Lehman.^[29]

Nearly the whole Republican statewide ticket was elected in a landslide; with only the Democratic incumbent U.S. senator, Ex-Governor Herbert H. Lehman, managing to stay in office.

New York election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Herbert H. Lehman(Incumbent)	2,319,719	44.37%
	Republican	Joe R. Hanley	2,367,353	45.28%
	Liberal	Herbert H. Lehman(Incumbent)	312,594	5.98%
	American Labor	W. E. B. Du Bois	205,729	3.93%
	Socialist Workers	Joseph Hansen	13,340	0.29%
	Industrial Government	Stephen Emery	7,559	0.15%
Majority			264,960	5.07%
Turnout			5,228,394
	Democratichold

North Carolina[edit]

There were 2 elections in North Carolina.

North Carolina (special)[edit]

North Carolina special election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Willis Smith	364,912	66.97%
	Republican	E. L. Galvin	177,753	32.62%
	Write-In	Frank P. Graham(incumbent)	2,259	0.41%
Majority			187,159	34.35%
Turnout			544,924
	Democratichold

North Carolina (regular)[edit]

North Carolina election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Clyde R. Hoey(Incumbent)	376,472	68.66%
	Republican	Halsey B. Leavitt	171,804	31.34%
Majority			204,668	37.32%
Turnout			548,276
	Democratichold

North Dakota[edit]

1950 United States Senate election in North Dakota

←1946 (special)

November 7, 1950

1956→


Nominee	Milton Young	Harry O'Brien
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	126,209	126,209
Percentage	67.59%	32.41%

County results
Young:50-60%60-70%70-80%80-90%
O'Brien:50-60%

U.S. senatorbefore election

Milton Young
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Milton Young
Republican

North Dakota election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Milton R. Young(incumbent)	126,209	67.59%
	Democratic	Harry O’Brien	60,507	32.41%
Majority			65,702	35.18%
Turnout			186,716
	Republicanhold

Ohio[edit]

Ohio election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Robert A. Taft(Incumbent)	1,645,643	57.54%
	Democratic	Joseph T. Ferguson	1,214,459	42.46%
Majority			431,184	15.08%
Turnout			2,860,102
	Republicanhold

Oklahoma[edit]

Oklahoma election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Mike Monroney	345,953	54.81%
	Republican	W. H. ‘Bill’ Alexander	285,224	45.19%
Majority			60,729	8.62%
Turnout			631,177
	Democratichold

Oregon[edit]

Oregon election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Wayne Morse(Incumbent)	376,510	74.79%
	Democratic	Howard LaTourette	116,780	23.20%
	Progressive	Harlin Talbert	10,165	2.02%
Majority			259,730	51.59%
Turnout			503,455
	Republicanhold

Pennsylvania[edit]

1950 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

←1944

November 7, 1950

1956→


Nominee	James H. Duff	Francis J. Myers
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	1,820,400	1,694,076
Percentage	51.30%	47.74%

County results
Duff:50–60%60–70%70–80%
Myers:40–50%50–60%60–70%

U.S. senatorbefore election

Francis J. Myers
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

James H. Duff
Republican

Pennsylvania election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	James H. Duff	1,820,400	51.30%
	Democratic	Francis J. Myers(Incumbent)	1,694,076	47.74%
	Prohibition	Earl N. Bergerstock	12,618	0.36%
	G.I.’s Against Communism	Jack Sill	8,353	0.24%
	Progressive	Lillian R. Narins	5,516	0.16%
	Socialist	William J. Van Essen	4,864	0.14%
	Industrial Government	Frank Knotek	1,596	0.04%
	Militant Workers	Clyde A. Turner	1,219	0.03%
Majority			126,324	3.56%
Turnout			3,548,642
	RepublicangainfromDemocratic

Rhode Island (special)[edit]

Rhode Island special election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John O. Pastore	183,725	56.03%
	Republican	Austin T. Levy	144,184	43.97%
Majority			39,541	12.06%
Turnout			327,909
	Democratichold

South Carolina[edit]

South Carolina Democratic primary election^{[citation needed]}
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Olin D. Johnston(Incumbent)	186,180	54.0%
	Democratic	Strom Thurmond	158,904	46.0%

South Carolina election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Olin D. Johnston(Incumbent)	50,458	100.00%
	Democratichold

South Dakota[edit]

South Dakota election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Francis Case	160,670	63.92%
	Democratic	John A. Engel	90,692	36.08%
Majority			69,978	27.84%
Turnout			251,362
	Republicanhold

Utah[edit]

Utah election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Wallace F. Bennett	142,427	53.86%
	Democratic	Elbert D. Thomas(Incumbent)	121,198	45.83%
	Independent	Bill Baker	815	0.31%
Majority			21,229	8.03%
Turnout			264,440
	RepublicangainfromDemocratic

Vermont[edit]

Vermont election

←1944

November 7, 1950(1950-11-07)

1956→


Nominee	George Aiken	James Bigelow
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	69,543	19,608
Percentage	78.0%	22.0%

U.S. senatorbefore election

George Aiken
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

George Aiken
Republican

Vermont election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	George Aiken(Incumbent)	69,543	77.99%
	Democratic	James E. Bigelow	19,608	21.99%
	None	Scattering	20	0.02%
Majority			49,935	56.00%
Turnout			89,171
	Republicanhold

Washington[edit]

1950 United States Senate election in Washington

←1944

November 7, 1950

1956→


Nominee	Warren Magnuson	W. Walter Williams
Party	Democratic	Republican
Popular vote	397,719	342,464
Percentage	53.40%	45.98%

County results
Magnuson:50–60%60–70%
Williams:50–60%60–70%

U.S. senatorbefore election

Warren Magnuson
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Warren Magnuson
Democratic

Washington election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Warren G. Magnuson(Incumbent)	397,719	53.40%
	Republican	Walter Williams	342,464	45.98%
	Independent	Herbert J. Phillips	3,120	0.42%
	Socialist Labor	H. J. Churchward	1,480	0.20%
Majority			55,255	7.42%
Turnout			744,783
	Democratichold

Wisconsin[edit]

1950 United States Senate election in Wisconsin

←1944

November 7, 1950

1956→


Nominee	Alexander Wiley	Thomas E. Fairchild
Party	Republican	Democratic
Popular vote	595,283	515,539
Percentage	53.34%	46.19%

County results
Wiley:50–60%60–70%70–80%
Fairchild:50–60%60–70%

U.S. senatorbefore election

Alexander Wiley
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Alexander Wiley
Republican

Wisconsin election^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Alexander Wiley(Incumbent)	595,283	53.33%
	Democratic	Thomas E. Fairchild	515,539	46.19%
	Socialist	Edwin Knappe	3,972	0.36%
	Independent	Perry J. Stearns	644	0.06%
	Independent	James E. Boulton	332	0.03%
	Independent	Artemio Cozzini	307	0.03%
	None	Scattering	58	0.01%
Majority			79,744	7.14%
Turnout			1,116,135
	Republicanhold

Notes[edit]

^32 regular elections and 4 specials
^InCalifornia,Sheridan Downeywas originally renominated, but retired due to ill health.
^^a ^bAppointee elected
^New Yorkwas the "tipping point"state.

References[edit]

^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^alClerk of the U.S. House of Representatives(January 11, 1951)."Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 7, 1950"(PDF).U.S. Government Printing Office.pp. 5, 6–7, 26, 32, 40.
^^a ^b"FL US Senate".Our Campaigns.RetrievedJune 18,2013.
^"Our Campaigns - AL US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedAugust 27,2020.
^"Our Campaigns - AZ US Senate - D Primary Race - Sep 12, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedDecember 21,2017.
^"Our Campaigns - AZ US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedDecember 21,2017.
^^a ^b ^cJoy Wallace Dickinson (September 24, 2000)."Florida's Senatorial Slugfest Was Bitter, Ugly, Legendary".Orlando Sentinel.RetrievedMarch 16,2016.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^fClaude Denson Pepper and Hays Gorey (November 1987).Pepper: Eyewitness to a Century.San Diego, California:Harcourt.ISBN 978-0151716951.
^^a ^bFund, John.Political Journal: George Smathers, RIP,January 24, 2007.
^^a ^b ^c ^dJames C. Clark (1998). "The Campaign Begins".Road to Defeat: Claude Pepper and Defeat in the 1950 Florida Primary(Thesis).University of Florida.RetrievedApril 6,2016.
^"Pepper Concedes It; Miamian's Lead Nears 70,000".The Daytona Beach News-Journal.Miami, Florida. Associated Press. May 3, 1950.RetrievedDecember 8,2018.
^Karl E. Mundt (May 9, 1950). "Letter from Sen. Karl Mundt to Richard Nixon, May 9, 1950, on file in the Richard M. Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, 1950 Senate race files, box 1".{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
^Andrews, Mark (December 13, 1998)."U.s. Senate Race Of '50 Was Black Mark On Campaigning".Orlando Sentinel.RetrievedApril 5,2016.
^"Pepper-vs.-Smathers Race Close; Reds Issue in Florida Senate Drive".The New York Times.Lake Wales, Florida. April 6, 1950.
^Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 1950(PDF)(Report). Washington, D.C.:United States House of Representatives.1951. p. 6.RetrievedApril 7,2016.
^"FL US Senate".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 7,2016.
^"Our Campaigns - GA US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.
^"Our Campaigns - ID US Senate - Special Election Race - Nov 07, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.
^"Our Campaigns - ID US Senate - D Primary Race - Aug 08, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.
^"Our Campaigns - ID US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.
^"OFFICIAL VOTE of the STATE OF ILLINOIS Cast at the GENERAL ELECTION, November 7, 1950 JUDICIAL ELECTION, 1950, PRIMARY ELECTION General Primary, April 11, 1950"(PDF).Illinois State Board of Elections. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on October 13, 2021.RetrievedJuly 9,2020.
^"Our Campaigns - IA US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.
^"Our Campaigns - KS US Senate - Special Election Race - Nov 07, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedAugust 30,2020.
^"Our Campaigns - KS US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedAugust 30,2020.
^"Our Campaigns - KY US Senate - Special Election Race - Nov 07, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.
^"TROTSKYISTS PICK TICKET".The New York Times.July 10, 1950.
^"TRUMAN SHAMMING, MARCANTONIO SAYS;...Slate for A.L.P. Is Listed".The New York Times.September 7, 1950.
^"LEADING CANDIDATES ON THE STATE REPUBLICAN PARTY'S TICKET".The New York Times.September 8, 1950.
^"Lynch, Nominated, Accuses Dewey of 'Unholy Coalition'; Lehman, Balch, Young, D'Amanda Also in 'Balanced' Ticket".The New York Times.September 8, 1950.
^"3 DEMOCRATS STIR LIBERAL'S REVOLT; Party Nominates Lehman and Lynch but Rejects Balch, Young and D'Amanda".The New York Times.September 8, 1950.

"DEWEY'S PLURALITY OFFICIALLY 572,668; Canvassers' Tabulation Shows Lehman Defeated Hanley by Margin of 246,960".The New York Times.December 15, 1950.
New York Red Book 1951

[1] 32 regular elections and 4 specials

[2] InCalifornia,Sheridan Downeywas originally renominated, but retired due to ill health.

[Appointee_elected-4] Appointee elected

[6] New Yorkwas the "tipping point"state.

[Clerk-3] ^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^alClerk of the U.S. House of Representatives(January 11, 1951)."Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 7, 1950"(PDF).U.S. Government Printing Office.pp. 5, 6–7, 26, 32, 40.

[Florida-5] "FL US Senate".Our Campaigns.RetrievedJune 18,2013.

[7] "Our Campaigns - AL US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedAugust 27,2020.

[8] "Our Campaigns - AZ US Senate - D Primary Race - Sep 12, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedDecember 21,2017.

[9] "Our Campaigns - AZ US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedDecember 21,2017.

[os2000-10] Joy Wallace Dickinson (September 24, 2000)."Florida's Senatorial Slugfest Was Bitter, Ugly, Legendary".Orlando Sentinel.RetrievedMarch 16,2016.

[gorey-11] Claude Denson Pepper and Hays Gorey (November 1987).Pepper: Eyewitness to a Century.San Diego, California:Harcourt.ISBN 978-0151716951.

[johnfund-12] Fund, John.Political Journal: George Smathers, RIP,January 24, 2007.

[clark-13] James C. Clark (1998). "The Campaign Begins".Road to Defeat: Claude Pepper and Defeat in the 1950 Florida Primary(Thesis).University of Florida.RetrievedApril 6,2016.

[pepperconcedes-14] "Pepper Concedes It; Miamian's Lead Nears 70,000".The Daytona Beach News-Journal.Miami, Florida. Associated Press. May 3, 1950.RetrievedDecember 8,2018.

[15] Karl E. Mundt (May 9, 1950). "Letter from Sen. Karl Mundt to Richard Nixon, May 9, 1950, on file in the Richard M. Nixon Presidential Library and Museum, 1950 Senate race files, box 1".{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal=(help)

[16] Andrews, Mark (December 13, 1998)."U.s. Senate Race Of '50 Was Black Mark On Campaigning".Orlando Sentinel.RetrievedApril 5,2016.

[17] "Pepper-vs.-Smathers Race Close; Reds Issue in Florida Senate Drive".The New York Times.Lake Wales, Florida. April 6, 1950.

[18] Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 1950(PDF)(Report). Washington, D.C.:United States House of Representatives.1951. p. 6.RetrievedApril 7,2016.

[19] "FL US Senate".Our Campaigns.RetrievedApril 7,2016.

[20] "Our Campaigns - GA US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.

[21] "Our Campaigns - ID US Senate - Special Election Race - Nov 07, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.

[22] "Our Campaigns - ID US Senate - D Primary Race - Aug 08, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.

[23] "Our Campaigns - ID US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.

[24] "OFFICIAL VOTE of the STATE OF ILLINOIS Cast at the GENERAL ELECTION, November 7, 1950 JUDICIAL ELECTION, 1950, PRIMARY ELECTION General Primary, April 11, 1950"(PDF).Illinois State Board of Elections. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on October 13, 2021.RetrievedJuly 9,2020.

[25] "Our Campaigns - IA US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.

[26] "Our Campaigns - KS US Senate - Special Election Race - Nov 07, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedAugust 30,2020.

[27] "Our Campaigns - KS US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.RetrievedAugust 30,2020.

[28] "Our Campaigns - KY US Senate - Special Election Race - Nov 07, 1950".www.ourcampaigns.com.

[29] "TROTSKYISTS PICK TICKET".The New York Times.July 10, 1950.

[30] "TRUMAN SHAMMING, MARCANTONIO SAYS;...Slate for A.L.P. Is Listed".The New York Times.September 7, 1950.

[31] "LEADING CANDIDATES ON THE STATE REPUBLICAN PARTY'S TICKET".The New York Times.September 8, 1950.

[32] "Lynch, Nominated, Accuses Dewey of 'Unholy Coalition'; Lehman, Balch, Young, D'Amanda Also in 'Balanced' Ticket".The New York Times.September 8, 1950.

[33] "3 DEMOCRATS STIR LIBERAL'S REVOLT; Party Nominates Lehman and Lynch but Rejects Balch, Young and D'Amanda".The New York Times.September 8, 1950.

[a]

[b]

[1]

[c]

[2]

[d]

[3]

[4]

[5]

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[7]

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[10]

[11]

[12]

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Results summary[edit]

Gains, losses, and holds[edit]

Retirements[edit]

Defeats[edit]

Post election changes[edit]

Change in composition[edit]

Before the elections[edit]

Results of the elections[edit]

Race summaries[edit]

Special elections during the 81st Congress[edit]

Races leading to the 82nd Congress[edit]

Closest races[edit]

Alabama[edit]

Arizona[edit]

Arkansas[edit]

California[edit]

Colorado[edit]

Connecticut[edit]

Connecticut (special)[edit]

Connecticut (regular)[edit]

Florida[edit]

Georgia[edit]

Idaho[edit]

Idaho (special)[edit]

Idaho (regular)[edit]

Illinois[edit]

Indiana[edit]

Iowa[edit]

Kansas[edit]

Kansas (special)[edit]

Kansas (regular)[edit]

Kentucky[edit]

Kentucky (special)[edit]

Kentucky (regular)[edit]

Louisiana[edit]

Maryland[edit]

Missouri[edit]

Nevada[edit]

New Hampshire[edit]

New York[edit]

North Carolina[edit]

North Carolina (special)[edit]

North Carolina (regular)[edit]

North Dakota[edit]

Ohio[edit]

Oklahoma[edit]

Oregon[edit]

Pennsylvania[edit]

Rhode Island (special)[edit]

South Carolina[edit]

South Dakota[edit]

Utah[edit]

Vermont[edit]

Washington[edit]

Wisconsin[edit]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

References[edit]