1964
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1964(MCMLXIV) was aleap year starting on Wednesdayof theGregorian calendar,the 1964th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 964th year of the2nd millennium,the 64th year of the20th century,and the 5th year of the1960sdecade.
Events
[edit]January
[edit]- January 1– TheFederation of Rhodesia and Nyasalandis dissolved.[1]
- January 5– In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century,Pope Paul VIandPatriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinoplemeet in Jerusalem.
- January 6– A British firm, theLeyland Motor Corp.,announces the sale of 450 buses to the Cuban government, challenging the United States blockade ofCuba.[2]
- January 9–Martyrs' Day:Armed clashes between United States troops and Panamanian civilians in thePanama Canal Zoneprecipitate a major international crisis, resulting in the deaths of 21 Panamanians and 4 U.S. soldiers.
- January 11–United States Surgeon GeneralLuther Terryreports that smoking may be hazardous to one's health (the first such statement from the U.S. government).[3]
- January 22–Kenneth Kaundais inaugurated as the first Prime Minister ofNorthern Rhodesia.[4]
- January 28– A U.S. Air Force jet training aircraft that strays intoEast Germanyis shot down by Soviet fighters nearErfurt;all three crewmen are killed.[5][6]
- January 29–February 9– The1964 Winter Olympicsare held inInnsbruck,Austria.
- January 29
- TheSoviet Unionlaunches two scientificsatellites,ElektronI and II, from a single rocket.
- Ranger 6is launched by the US space agencyNASA,on a mission to carry television cameras and crash-land on the Moon.
- January 30– GeneralNguyễn Khánhleads a bloodless military coup d'état, replacingDương Văn Minhas Prime Minister of South Vietnam.
February
[edit]- February 4– TheGovernment of the United Statesauthorizes theTwenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution,outlawing thepoll tax.[7]
- February 5– India backs out of its promise to hold aplebiscitein the disputed territory of Kashmir. In 1948, India had taken the issue of Kashmirto the United Nations Security Counciland offered to hold a plebiscite in the held Kashmir under UN supervision.
- February 10–Melbourne–Voyagercollision:82 Australian sailors die when aRoyal Australian Navyaircraft carrier and a destroyer collide off New South Wales, Australia.[8]
- February 11
- Greeks and Turks begin fighting inLimassol,Cyprus.[9]
- TheRepublic of Chinasevers diplomatic relations with France because of French recognition of the People's Republic of China.
- February 17– Gabonese presidentLéon M'bais toppled bya military coupand his arch-rival,Jean-Hilaire Aubame,is installed in his place. However, French intervention restores M'ba's government the next day.[10]
- February 25–Cassius Clay(laterMuhammad Ali) beatsSonny ListoninMiami Beach, Florida,and iscrowned the heavyweight champion of the world.[11]
- February 27– The Italian government asks for help to keep theLeaning Tower of Pisafrom toppling over.[12]
March
[edit]- March 6
- Constantine IIbecomes King of Greece, upon the death of his father KingPaul.
- American boxerCassius Clayannounces the change of his name to Muhammad Ali.[13]
- March 18–1964 Moscow protest:Approximately 50 Moroccan students break into the embassy of Morocco in the Soviet Union and stage an all-daysit-inprotesting against sentencing of eleven people to death for the alleged assassination attempt of KingHassan II of Morocco.
- March 20–June 6– The firstUnited Nations Conference on Trade and Developmenttakes place.
- March 20– The precursor of theEuropean Space Agency,ESRO(European Space Research Organization) is established per an agreement signed on June 14, 1962.
- March 21–Non ho l'età(music byNicola Salerno,text byMario Panzeri), sung byGigliola Cinquetti,wins theEurovision Song Contest 1964(staged in Copenhagen) for Italy.
- March 27(Good Friday) – TheGreat Alaskan earthquake,the second-most powerful known (and the most powerful earthquake recorded inNorth Americanhistory) at amagnitudeof 9.2, strikesSouthcentral Alaska,killing 125 people and inflicting massive damage to the city ofAnchorage.[14]
- March 28– KingSaud of Saudi Arabiaabdicates.[15]His brother,Prince Faisal,does not officially assume the throne until November.
- March 31– The military overthrowsBrazilian PresidentJoão Goulartin acoup,starting 21 years ofdictatorshipin Brazil, lasting until1985.
April
[edit]- April 8– The U.S.Gemini 1is launched, the first unmanned test of the 2-man spacecraft.
- April 9– TheUnited Nations Security Counciladopts by a 9–0 vote a resolution deploring a British air attack on a fort inYemen12 days earlier, in which 25 persons were reported killed.
- April 11– The Brazilian Congress elects Field MarshalHumberto de Alencar Castelo Brancoas President ofBrazil.
- April 13– At the36th Academy Awardsceremony,Sidney Poitierbecomes the first African-American to win anAcademy Awardin the categoryBest Actor in a Leading RoleinLilies of the Field.[16]
- April 16– In the Assize Court at Buckingham, England, sentences totalling 307 years are passed on twelve men who stole £2,600,000 in used bank notes, after holding up the night train fromGlasgowtoLondonin August 1963 – a heist that becomes known as theGreat Train Robbery.[17][18]
- April 19– InLaos,the coalition government of PrinceSouvanna Phoumais deposed by a right-wing military group, led by Brig. Gen.Kouprasith Abhay.Not supported by the United States, the coup is ultimately unsuccessful, and Souvanna Phouma is reinstated, remaining as Prime Minister until1975.
- April 20
- U.S. PresidentLyndon Johnsonin New York, and Soviet PremierNikita Khrushchevin Moscow, simultaneously announce plans to cut back production of materials for makingnuclear weapons.
- Nelson Mandelamakes his "I Am Prepared to Die" speech at the opening of theRivonia Trial,a key event for theanti-apartheidmovement.[19]
- In the UK,BBC Twotelevision starts broadcasting for the first time.[20]
- British businessmanGreville Wynne,imprisoned inMoscowsince 1963 forspying,is exchanged for Soviet spyGordon Lonsdale.[21]
- April 25– Thieves steal the head of theLittle Mermaidstatue inCopenhagen,Denmark. Although the attack is attributed toJørgen Nash,the Danish media blame painter Henrik Bruun, who never confesses to the crime.[22]
- April 26–TanganyikaandZanzibarmerge to formTanzania.[23]
May
[edit]- May 1– At 4:00 a.m.,John George KemenyandThomas Eugene Kurtzrun the first computer program written inBASIC(Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), an easy to learn high levelprogramming languagewhich they have created.[24]BASIC is eventually included on manycomputersand even some games consoles.
- May 2
- Vietnam War:Attack on USNSCard– An explosion caused byViet Congcommandos causes carrierUSNSCardto sink in the port ofSaigon.[25]
- Some 400–1,000 students march throughTimes Square,New York, and another 700 inSan Francisco,in the first major student demonstration against the Vietnam War. Smaller marches also occur in Boston, Seattle, and Madison, WI.
- Henry Hezekiah DeeandCharles Eddie Moore,hitchhiking inMeadville, Mississippi,are kidnapped, beaten and murdered by members of theKu Klux Klan.Their badlydecomposedbodies are found by chance in July during the search formissing activists Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner.
- May 7
- Pacific Air Lines Flight 773crashes nearSan Ramon, California,killing all 44 aboard; theFBIlater reports that a cockpit recorder tape indicates that the pilot and co-pilot had been shot by a suicidal passenger.
- At amail rocketsdemonstration byGerhard Zuckeron Hasselkopf Mountain nearBraunlage(Lower Saxonia, Germany), three people are killed by a rocket explosion.
- May 9– South Korean PresidentPark Chung Heereshuffles his Cabinet, after a series of student demonstrations against his efforts to restore diplomatic and trade relations withJapan.
- May 12– Twelve young men in New York City publiclyburn their draft cardsto protest against the Vietnam War, the first such act of war resistance.[26][27]
- May 23– Madeline Dassault, 63, wife of a French plane manufacturer and politician, is kidnapped while leaving her car in front of her Paris home; she is found unharmed the next day in a farmhouse 27 miles (43 km) from Paris.[28]
- May 24–25– The crowd at afootballmatch inLima,Peru,riotsover a referee's decision in the Peru-Argentinagame; 319 are killed, 500 injured.
- May 27– The ongoingColombian conflictstarts, with an assault by 1,000 Colombian soldiers, backed by fighter planes and helicopters, against about 50 guerrillas in the community of Marquetalia.[29]
- May 28– The Charter of thePalestine Liberation Organization(PLO) is released by theArab League.
- May 29– Havingdeposed them in a January coup,South Vietnamese leaderNguyen Khanhhas rival GeneralsTran Van DonandLe Van Kimconvicted of "lax morality".[30][31]
June
[edit]- June 3– South Korean PresidentPark Chung Heedeclaresmartial lawinSeoul,after 10,000 student demonstrators overpower police.
- June 11
- Greece rejects direct talks withTurkeyoverCyprus.
- Cologne school massacre:InCologne,West Germany,Walter Seifertattacks students and teachers in an elementary school with aflamethrower,killing 10 and injuring 21.
- June 12–Nelson Mandelaand 7 others are sentenced tolife imprisonment in South Africa,and sent to theRobben Island prison.[32]
- June 14–Freedom Summer,a volunteer Civil Rights project in theUnited Statesintended to promotevoter registrationfor as manyAfrican Americansas possible inMississippi,begins with orientation sessions for the 300 volunteers atWestern College for Women,Oxford, Ohio.[33]
- June 20– TheFord GT40makes its first appearance at the24 Hours of Le Mans.Its first victory will come 2 years later in1966.
- June 21–Spainbeats theSoviet Union2–1 to win the1964 European Nations Cup.
- June 26–Moise Tshombereturns to theDemocratic Republic of the Congofrom exile in Spain.
July
[edit]- July 6–Malawireceives its independence from the United Kingdom.[34]
- July 18
- Six days ofrace riotsbegin inHarlem,New York, United States, apparently prompted by the shooting of a teenager.[35]
- Judith Graham Poolpublishes her discovery ofcryoprecipitate,a frozen blood clotting product made from plasma primarily to treathemophiliacsaround the world.[36]
- July 19–Vietnam War:At a rally inSaigon,South VietnamesePrime Minister and military leaderNguyễn Khánhcalls for expanding the war intoNorth Vietnam.[37]
- July 20
- Vietnam War:Viet Congforces attack a provincial capital, killing 11 South Vietnamese military personnel and 40 civilians (30 of which are children).
- TheNational Movement of the Revolutionis established in theRepublic of the Congo,becoming the country's sole legalpolitical party.[38]
- July 21–Race riotsbegin inSingaporebetween ethnic Chinese and Malays.[39]
- July 22– The second meeting of theOrganisation of African Unityis held.
- July 24– A minorcriticality accidenttakes place at a United Nuclear Corporation Fuels recovery plant inWood River Junction, Rhode Island,United States, causing the death of one worker.
- July 27–Vietnam War:The U.S. sends 5,000 more military advisers to South Vietnam, bringing the total number of United States forces in Vietnam to 21,000.
- July 31–Ranger program:Ranger 7sends back the first close-up photographs of the Moon (images are 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from Earth-boundtelescopes).
August
[edit]- August 2–Vietnam War:United States destroyerMaddoxis attacked in theGulf of Tonkin.Air support from the carrierUSSTiconderogasinks one gunboat, while the other two leave the battle.
- August 5
- Vietnam War:Operation Pierce Arrow– Aircraft from carriersUSSTiconderogaandUSSConstellationbombNorth Vietnamin retaliation for strikes against U.S. destroyers in theGulf of Tonkin.
- The Simba rebel army in theDemocratic Republic of the CongocapturesStanleyville,and takes 1,000 Western hostages.
- August 7– Vietnam War: The United States Congress passes theGulf of Tonkin Resolution,giving U.S. PresidentLyndon B. Johnsonbroad war powers to deal with North Vietnamese attacks on U.S. forces.[40]
- August 8– ARolling Stonesgig inScheveningengets out of control. Riot police end the gig after about fifteen minutes, upon which spectators start to fight the riot police.[41]
- August 13– The last judicial hanging in the United Kingdom takes place when murderersGwynne Owen EvansandPeter Anthony Allenare executed atWalton Prison in Liverpool.[42]
- August 16– Vietnam War: In acoup,GeneralNguyễn KhánhreplacesDương Văn Minhas South Vietnam's chief of state and establishes a newconstitution,drafted partly by the U.S. Embassy.[43]
- August 18– The International Olympic Committee bans South Africa from theTokyo Olympicson the grounds that its teams are racially segregated.[44]
- August 20– The International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium (Intelsat) began to work.
- August 22– Goalkeeper Derek Foster of Sunderland becomes the youngest-ever player to play in the EnglishFootball League,aged 15 years and 185 days.
- August 24–27– TheDemocratic National ConventioninAtlantic Citynominates incumbent PresidentLyndon B. Johnsonfor a full term, and U.S. SenatorHubert HumphreyofMinnesotaas his running mate.
- August 27–Walt Disney'sMary Poppinshas its world premiere in Los Angeles. It will go on to become Disney's biggest moneymaker, and winner of 5 Academy Awards, including aBest ActressforJulie Andrews.It is the first Disney film to be nominated forBest Picture.
- August 28–30–Philadelphia 1964 race riot:Tensions betweenAfrican Americanresidents and police lead to 341 injuries and 774 arrests.[45]
September
[edit]- September 2– IndianHungry generationpoets, includingMalay Roy Choudhury,are arrested on charges of conspiracy against the state and obscenity in literature.[46]
- September 4– TheForth Road Bridgeopens over theFirth of Forthin Scotland.[47]
- September 10– TheAfrican Development Bank(AfDB) is founded.[48]
- September 11– InJacksonville, Florida,during a tour of the United States,John Lennonannounces that theBeatleswill not play to a segregated audience.[49]
- September 14
- The third period of theSecond Vatican Councilopens.[50]
- The LondonDaily Heraldceases publication, replaced byThe Sun.
- September 18– InAthens,KingConstantine II of GreecemarriesPrincess Anne-Marie of Denmark,who becomes Europe's youngest Queen at age 18 years, 19 days.
- September 21– The island ofMaltaobtains independence from the United Kingdom.
- September 24– TheWarren Commission,the first official investigation of the assassination of United States PresidentJohn F. Kennedy,submits its written report.[51]
- September 25– TheMozambican War of Independenceis launched byFRELIMO.[52]
October
[edit]- October –Robert Moogdemonstrates the prototypeMoog synthesizer.[53]
- October 1
- Three thousand student activists at theUniversity of California, Berkeley,surround and block a police car from taking aCOREvolunteer arrested for not showing his ID, when he violated a ban on outdoor activist card tables. This protest eventually explodes into theBerkeley Free Speech Movement.
- TheShinkansenhigh-speed railsystem, the world's first such system, is inaugurated in Japan, for the first sector between Tokyo andOsaka.
- October 5
- Twenty-three men and thirty-one women escape toWest Berlinthrough a narrow tunnel under theBerlin Wall.
- Elizabeth IIandThe Duke of Edinburghbegin an 8-day visit to Canada.
- October 10–24– The1964 Summer Olympicsare held in Tokyo, Japan, the first in an Asian country.
- October 12– The Soviet Union launchesVoskhod 1into Earthorbitas the first spacecraft with a multi-person crew and the first flight withoutspace suits.The flight is cut short and lands again onOctober 13after 16 orbits.
- October 14– American civil rights movement leaderMartin Luther King Jr.becomes the youngest recipient of theNobel Peace Prize,which is awarded to him for leading non-violent resistance to endracial prejudicein the United States.
- October 14–15–Nikita Khrushchevis deposed as leader of the Soviet Union;Leonid BrezhnevandAlexei Kosyginassume power.
- October 15–1964 United Kingdom general election:TheLabour Partywins a narrow victory over SirAlec Douglas-Home'sConservative Party,which has been in power for 13 years. The new prime minister isHarold Wilson.[54][55]
- October 17–596 (nuclear test):The People's Republic of China explodes anatomic bombinSinkiang.
- October 22
- Canada: A Federal Multi-Party Parliamentary Committee selects a design to become the new officialFlag of Canada.
- A 5.3kilotonnuclear device is detonated at the Tatum Salt Dome, 21 miles (34 km) fromHattiesburg, Mississippi,as part of theVela Uniformprogram. This test is the Salmon phase of the Atomic Energy Commission's Project Dribble.
- October 24– NorthernRhodesia,a former British protectorate, becomes the independent Republic ofZambia,ending 73 years of British rule.
- October 26–Eric Edgar Cookebecomes the last man executed in Western Australia, for murdering 8 citizens inPerthbetween1959and1963.
- October 27– In theDemocratic Republic of the Congo,rebel leader Christopher Gbenye takes 60 Americans and 800 Belgianshostage.
- October 29– A collection of irreplaceablegemstones,including the 565-carat (113.0 g)Star of India,is stolen from theAmerican Museum of Natural Historyin New York City.
November
[edit]- November 1– Mortar fire from North Vietnamese forces rains on theBien Hoa Air Base,killing four U.S. servicemen, wounding 72, and destroying fiveB-57jet bombers and other planes.
- November 3
- 1964 United States presidential election:Incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson defeatsRepublicanchallengerBarry Goldwaterwith over 60 percent of thepopular vote.
- TheBoliviangovernment of PresidentVíctor Paz Estenssorois overthrown by a military rebellion led by GeneralAlfredo Ovando Candía,commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
- November 5–Mariner program:Mariner 3spacecraft is launched fromCape Kennedybut fails.[clarification needed]
- November 10– Australia partially reintroducescompulsory military servicedue to theIndonesian Confrontation.
- November 19– TheUnited States Department of Defenseannounces the closing of 95 military bases and facilities, includingFort Jay,theBrooklyn Navy Yardand the Brooklyn Army Terminal.
- November 21
- Second Vatican Council:The third period of theCatholic Church'secumenical councilcloses.Lumen gentium,the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, is promulgated.[56]
- TheVerrazano-Narrows BridgeacrossNew York Bayopens to traffic (the world's longestsuspension bridgeat this time).[57]
- November 24– Belgian paratroopers and mercenaries captureStanleyville,but a number ofhostagesdie in the fighting, among them AmericanEvangelical Covenant ChurchmissionaryPaul Carlson.
- November 28
- Mariner program:NASA launches theMariner 4space probe from Cape Kennedy toward Mars to take television pictures of thatplanetin July1965.
- Vietnam War:United States National Security Councilmembers, includingRobert McNamara,Dean Rusk,andMaxwell Taylor,agree to recommend a plan for a 2-stage escalation of bombing in North Vietnam, to PresidentLyndon B. Johnson.
- France performs an underground nuclear test atIn Ecker,Algeria.
December
[edit]- December 1–Gustavo Díaz Ordaztakes office asPresident of Mexico.
- December 3
- Berkeley Free Speech Movement:Police arrest about 800 students at theUniversity of California, Berkeley,following their takeover of and massive sit-in at the Sproul Hall administration building. The sit-in most directly protested the U.C. Regents' decision to punish student activists for what many thought had been justified civil disobedience earlier in the conflict.[58]
- The Danish football clubBrøndby IFis founded as a merger between the two local clubs Brøndbyøster Idrætsforening and Brøndbyvester Idrætsforening. The club wins the national championshipDanish Superliga10 times, and theDanish Cupssix times, after joining the Danish top-flight football league in 1981.
- December 5–Australian Senate election, 1964:TheLiberal/CountryCoalitionGovernmentled byPrime MinisterRobert Menzieshold their status quo, while theLabor Partyled byArthur Calwelllose one seat to theDemocratic Labor Party,who hold the balance of power in theSenatealongside independentReg Turnbull.
- December 10– Dr.Martin Luther King Jr.is awarded theNobel Peace PrizeinOslo,Norway.[59]
- December 11–Che Guevaraaddresses theUnited Nations General Assembly.[60]Abazookaattack is launched at theHeadquarters of the United Nationsin New York City.
- December 12–Jamhuri Day:Kenyabecomes a republic, withJomo Kenyattaas its firstPresident.
- December 14–Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States(379 US 241 1964): The U.S. Supreme Court rules that, in accordance with theCivil Rights Act of 1964,establishments providing public accommodation must refrain from racial discrimination.
- December 18– TheChristmas flood of 1964begins in the United States, affecting the Pacific Northwest and some of Northern California. It will continue until January 7, resulting in 19 deaths, serious damage to buildings, roads and bridges, and the loss of 4,000 head of livestock.[61]
- December 21– TheGeneral Dynamics F-111Aardvark supersonic attack aircraft, developed for the U.S. Air Force, makes its first flight, atCarswell Air Force Base,Texas.[62]
- December 22
- A cyclone in thePalk Straitdestroys the Indian town ofDhanushkodi,killing 1800 people.[63]
- TheLockheed SR-71 Blackbirdmakes its first flight atPalmdale, California.
- December 24–The Brinks Hotelin Saigon, Vietnam, is bombed by theViet Cong,resulting in the deaths of two US soldiers and injuries to a further 60 people, including civilians.[64]
- December 30– TheUnited Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD) is established as a permanent organ of theUN General Assembly.[65]
Date unknown
[edit]- Spring – First recognition ofcosmic microwave background radiationas a detectable phenomenon.[66]
- Jerome Horwitzsynthesizeszidovudine(AZT), anantiviral drugwhich will later be used in treatingHIV.[67]
- Farrington Danielsbecomes an early advocate ofsolar energyin his bookDirect Use of the Sun's Energy,published byYale University Pressin the United States.[68]
- Rudi Gernreichdesigns the originalmonokinitopless swimsuit in the U.S.[69]
- TheVishva Hindu Pariṣadis founded in India.[70]
Births
[edit]January
[edit]- January 1–Moussa Dadis Camara,Guinean general and 3rdPresident of Guinea
- January 2–Pernell Whitaker,American boxer (died2019)[71]
- January 4
- Alexandre Fadeev,Soviet figure skater
- Dot-Marie Jones,American actress and retired athlete (competed as Dot Jones)
- January 5–Miguel Ángel Jiménez,Spanish golfer[72]
- January 6
- Henry Maske,German boxer[73]
- Anthony Scaramucci,American financier, entrepreneur, and political figure[74]
- January 7–Nicolas Cage,American actor[75]
- January 12–Jeff Bezos,American Internet entrepreneur[76]
- January 13–Penelope Ann Miller,American actress
- January 17–Michelle Obama,American attorney and author, formerFirst Lady of the United States[77]
- January 20
- Koko Pimentel,Filipino politician, 28thPresident of the Senate of the Philippines[78]
- January 23–Mariska Hargitay,American actress
- January 27–Bridget Fonda,American actress[79]
- January 31–Jeff Hanneman,American rock guitarist (Slayer) (died2013)[80]
February
[edit]- February 1–Eli Ohana,Israeli football player and club chairman[81]
- February 5
- Laura Linney,American actress
- Duff McKagan,American rock musician and songwriter[82]
- February 10–Francesca Neri,Italian actress
- February 11–Ken Shamrock,Americanmixed martial artsfighter
- February 15−Chris Farley,American actor and comedian (died1997)[83]
- February 16
- Bebeto,Brazilian footballer[84]
- Christopher Eccleston,British actor[85]
- Valentina Yegorova,Russian distance runner[86]
- February 18−Matt Dillon,American actor and film director
- February 19−Jennifer Doudna,American biochemist[87]
- February 20−Rudi Garcia,French football manager[88]
- February 22−Gigi Fernández,American tennis player[89]
- February 24-Yudas Sabaggalet,Indonesian politician[90]
March
[edit]- March 7
- Bret Easton Ellis,American author[91]
- Vladimir Smirnov,Kazakh cross-country skier[92]
- Wanda Sykes,African-American comedian and actress
- March 9–Juliette Binoche,French actress
- March 10
- Edith Lucie Bongo,First Lady of Gabon (died2009)
- Neneh Cherry,Swedish-born singer-songwriter
- Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh,British prince and third son (youngest child) ofElizabeth IIandPrince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
- March 16
- Pascal Richard,Swiss road bicycle racer[93]
- Gore Verbinski,American film director
- March 17–Rob Lowe,American actor[94]
- March 18
- Bonnie Blair,American speed skater[95]
- March 24–Liz McColgan,British long-distance runner athlete[96]
- March 30
- Vera Zimmermann,Brazilian actress
- Tracy Chapman,African-American singer[97]
April
[edit]- April 1–Erik Breukink,Dutch cyclist and manager
- April 3
- Nigel Farage,British politician[98]
- Bjarne Riis,Danish cyclist[99]
- Yelena Ruzina,Russian Olympic athlete[100]
- April 4–David Cross,American actor and comedian[101]
- April 6–David Woodard,American conductor
- April 7–Russell Crowe,New Zealand-born actor[94]
- April 10–Hiroshi Tsuburaya,Japanese actor (died2001)
- April 14–Jim Grabb,American tennis player[102]
- April 16–Esbjörn SvenssonSwedish jazz pianist (d.2008)[103]
- April 17
- Maynard James Keenan,American rock musician (Tool)[104]
- Rachel Notley,Canadian politician, Premier of Alberta 2015–2019[105]
- April 20
- John Carney,American football player[106]
- Crispin Glover,American actor
- Andy Serkis,English actor
- April 21
- Ludmila Engquist,Russian-born Swedish hurdler[107]
- Ahmed Radhi,Iraqi footballer (d.2020)[108]
- April 24
- Cedric the Entertainer,American actor and comedian
- Djimon Hounsou,Beninese actor and model[109]
- April 25–Hank Azaria,American actor, voice artist and comedian
- April 28–L'Wren Scott,American fashion designer (d.2014)
- April 30
- Abhishek Chatterjee,Indian actor
- Tony Fernandes,Malaysian entrepreneur and businessman
May
[edit]- May 1–Yvonne van Gennip,Dutch speed-skater[110]
- May 5
- Heike Henkel,German Olympic athlete[111]
- Minami Takayama,Japanese voice actress and singer (Two-MixandDoCo)
- May 8–Melissa Gilbert,American actress and president of the Screen Actors Guild[112]
- May 10–Emmanuelle Devos,French actress[113]
- May 13–Stephen Colbert,American comedian, political commentator, and television personality; host ofThe Late Show with Stephen Colbert
- May 19
- Gitanas Nausėda,president of Lithuania[114]
- Samuel Okwaraji,Nigerian footballer (died1989)
- May 20–Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer,British aristocrat, author, print journalist and broadcaster. Younger brother ofDiana, Princess of Wales.[115]
- May 21–Rui Maria de Araújo,East Timorese politician
- May 23–Ruth Metzler-Arnold,member of the Swiss Federal Council
- May 24–Adrian Moorhouse,British swimmer[116]
- May 25–Ray Stevenson,Northern Irish-born actor (d.2023)
- May 26–Lenny Kravitz,American singer, songwriter, and actor[117]
- May 28–Jeff Fenech,Australian boxer[118]
- May 29–Arumugam Thondaman,Sri Lankan politician (died2020)
- May 30–Tom Morello,American musician and political activist (Rage Against the Machine,Audioslave,Prophets of Rage)
June
[edit]- June 3–James Purefoy,British actor
- June 7–Gia Carides,Greek-Australian actress
- June 9–Gloria Reuben,Canadian-American actress[119]
- June 10
- Ben Daniels,English actor[120]
- Vincent Perez,Swiss actor, director and photographer
- June 13
- Kathy Burke,English actress and comedian[121]
- Šarūnas Marčiulionis,Lithuanian basketball player[122]
- June 15
- Courteney Cox,American actress
- Michael Laudrup,Danish footballer and manager
- June 17–Michael Gross,German swimmer[123]
- June 18–Uday Hussein,Iraqi Army commander (d.2003)
- June 19–Boris Johnson,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom2019–2022
- June 20–Ethella Chupryk,Ukrainian pianist (d.2019)
- June 21
- Dean Saunders,Welsh football manager and former professional footballer[124]
- Kiyoshi Okuma,Japanese football player and manager
- June 22
- Dan Brown,American author
- Miroslav Kadlec,Czech football defender
- Nico Jalink,Dutch footballer and football manager
- June 23
- Astrid Carolina Herrera,Venezuelan actress
- Joss Whedon,American screenwriter[125]
- June 24–Günther Mader,Austrian alpine ski racer
- June 25–Johnny Herbert,English racing driver
- June 26–Tommi Mäkinen,Finnish rally driver
- June 30–Alexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg,Danish aristocrat
July
[edit]- July 1
- Yu Long,Chinese conductor
- Bernard Laporte,French rugby player and coach
- Loli Sánchez,Spanish basketball player
- Chie Satō,Japanese voice actress
- July 2–JoseandOzzie Canseco,Cuban-born American baseball players; twin brothers
- July 3
- Joanne Harris,English novelist
- Aleksei Serebryakov,Russian-Canadian actor
- Yeardley Smith,American actress, voice actress, comedian, writer and artist
- July 4–Edi Rama,33rdPrime Minister of Albania[126]
- July 5–Stephen H. Scott,Canadian neuroscientist and engineer
- July 6–Kim Jee-woon,South Korean film director and screenwriter
- July 9–Courtney Love,American musician/actress
- July 11–Goran Radaković,Serbian actor
- July 13–Pascal Hervé,French road racing cyclist[127]
- July 15
- Tetsuji Hashiratani,Japanese football player and manager
- Tengku Zulpuri Shah Raja Puji,Malaysian politician
- July 16–Miguel Indurain,Spanish cyclist[128]
- July 18–Wendy Williams,African-American talk show host[129]
- July 19
- Teresa Edwards,American basketball player[130]
- Miyeegombyn Enkhbold,Mongolian politician
- July 20
- Chris Cornell,American singer (Soundgarden,Audioslave,Temple of the Dog) (died2017)
- Deon Lotz,South African actor
- July 24
- Barry Bonds,African-American baseball player[131]
- Pedro Passos Coelho,118thPrime Minister of Portugal[132]
- July 26
- Sandra Bullock,American actress and film producer[133]
- Ancelma Perlacios,Bolivian politician and trade unionist
- Anne Provoost,Belgian author
- July 28–Lori Loughlin,American actress[134]
- July 30
- Vivica A. Fox,American actress
- Jürgen Klinsmann,German football player and manager[135]
- July 31–C.C. Catch,Dutch-born German singer
August
[edit]- August 1–Natalya Shikolenko,Belarusian javelin thrower[136]
- August 2–Mary-Louise Parker,American actress[137]
- August 3
- Lucky Dube,South African reggae musician (died2007)[138]
- Abhisit Vejjajiva,27thPrime Minister of Thailand[139]
- August 8–Giuseppe Conte,Italian Prime Minister
- August 15–Melinda Gates,American philanthropist[140]
- August 17–Deen Castronovo,American drummer[141]
- August 22–Mats Wilander,Swedish tennis player[142]
- August 24–Salizhan Sharipov,Russian cosmonaut and astronaut[143]
- August 25
- Maxim Kontsevich,Russian mathematician[144]
- Azmin Ali,Malaysian politician
- August 26–Torsten Schmitz,German boxer
September
[edit]- September 2–Keanu Reeves,Canadian actor[145]
- September 6–Rosie Perez,American actress and comedian
- September 7
- September 10
- Jack Ma,Chinese business magnate and billionaire internet entrepreneur
- Yegor Letov,Russian singer (died2008)[148]
- September 13–Simegnew Bekele,Ethiopian engineer and public administrator (died2018)
- September 15–Robert Fico,Prime Minister of Slovakia
- September 16–Molly Shannon,American actress
- September 19
- Yvonne Vera,Zimbabwean actress (died2005)
- Trisha Yearwood,American country singer[149]
- September 20–Maggie Cheung,Hong Kong actress
- September 21–Jorge Drexler,Uruguayan musician
- September 23
- Josefa Idem,German-born Italian kayaker
- Koshi Inaba,Japanese singer (B'z)
- September 25
- Marc Benioff,American Internet entrepreneur and philanthropist[150]
- Kikuko Inoue,Japanese singer and voice actress
- Carlos Ruiz Zafón,Spanish novelist (died2020)
- September 27–Stephan Jenkins,American singer and rock musician (Third Eye Blind)[151]
- September 28
- Gregoria Díaz,Venezuelan journalist (died2023)[152][153]
- Janeane Garofalo,American actress and comedian
- September 30–Monica Bellucci,Italian actress and model
October
[edit]- October 2–Makharbek Khadartsev,Russian free-style wrestler[154]
- October 3–Clive Owen,English actor[155]
- October 4–Yvonne Murray,Scottish athlete[156]
- October 6–Tom Jager,American swimmer[157]
- October 9
- Guillermo del Toro,Mexican film director[158]
- Martín Jaite,Argentine tennis player[159]
- October 10–Maxi Gnauck,German gymnast[160]
- October 20–Kamala Harris,politician and attorney, 49th vice president of the United States[161]
- October 22
- Dražen Petrović,Croatian basketball player (died1993)
- Paul McStay,Scottish footballer[162]
- October 24–Rosana Arbelo,Spanish singer and composer
- October 25
- Nicole Seibert,German singer,Eurovision Song Contest1982 winner[163]
- Andreas Münzer,Austrian bodybuilder (died1996)
- October 26–Elisabeta Lipă,Romanian rower[164]
- October 27–Mary T. Meagher,American swimmer[165]
- October 31–Marco van Basten,Dutch footballer and manager
November
[edit]- November 3–Paprika Steen,Danish actress[166]
- November 11–Calista Flockhart,American actress
- November 12
- David Ellefson,American rock bassist (Megadeth)
- Michael Kremer,American development economist, recipient of theNobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences[167]
- November 16
- Diana Krall,Canadian jazz pianist and singer[168]
- Valeria Bruni Tedeschi,Italian-French actress
- November 19–Phil Hughes,Irish footballer and coach
- November 20–Doug Ford,26thPremier of Ontario[169]
- November 22–Apetor,Norwegian YouTuber (d. 2021)[170]
- November 23–Erika Buenfil,Mexican actress and singer[171]
- November 24–Conleth Hill,Irish actor
- November 26–Vreni Schneider,Swiss alpine skier[172]
- November 27–Ronit Elkabetz,Israeli actress, writer and filmmaker (died2016)
- November 28
- Giorgi Bagaturov,Georgian-Armenian chess grandmaster
- Oscar Muñoz,Colombian wrestler
- November 29–Don Cheadle,African-American actor[173]
December
[edit]- December 1–Salvatore Schillaci,Italian footballer (d.2024)[174]
- December 4
- Sertab Erener,Turkish singer-songwriter,Eurovision Song Contest2003 winner
- Marisa Tomei,American actress[175]
- December 8–Teri Hatcher,American actress, writer, presenter and singer
- December 9–Paul Landers,German rock musician (Rammstein)[176]
- December 10–Edith González,Mexican actress (died2019)[177]
- December 13–Hide,Japanese musician (died1998)[178]
- December 16–Heike Drechsler,German track-and-field athlete[179]
- December 18
- Stone Cold Steve Austin,American professional wrestler and actor[180]
- Pierre Nkurunziza,8thPresident of Burundi(died2020)[181]
- December 19–Arvydas Sabonis,Lithuanian basketball player[182]
- December 23–Eddie Vedder,American rock singer (Pearl Jam)[183]
- Unknown –Josh Harris,American investor and sports team owner[184]
Deaths
[edit]January
[edit]- January 4–Andreas Hermes,German agricultural scientist and politician (born1878)[185]
- January 8–Julius Raab,Austrian politician, 14thChancellor of Austria(born1891)[186]
- January 9–Halide Edib Adıvar,Turkish novelist (born1884)
- January 11–Bechara El Khoury,2ndPrime Minister of Lebanonand 6thPresident of Lebanon(born1890)
- January 15
- Tawfiq Canaan,Palestinian doctor (born1882)
- Jack Teagarden,American jazz trombonist (born1905)[187]
- January 21
- Joseph Baumgartner,German politician (born1904)
- Joseph Schildkraut,Austrian actor (born1896)
- January 22
- Lissy Arna,German actress (born1900)
- Marc Blitzstein,American composer (born1905)[188]
- January 23
- Benedetta Bianchi Porro,ItalianRoman Catholiclaywoman and venerable (born1936)
- Lucila Gamero de Medina,Honduranian novelist (born1873)
- January 29
- Adolfo Diaz Recinos,2-timePresident of Nicaragua(born1875)
- Alan Ladd,American actor (born1913)[189]
- January 31–Kanysh Satbayev,Kazakh academician and geologist (born1899)
February
[edit]- February 3
- Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria(born1901)
- Giuseppe Amato,Italian producer, director and screenwriter (born1899)
- February 5–Matilde Moisant,American pilot (born1878)[190]
- February 6–Emilio Aguinaldo,Filipino general and 1stPresident of the Philippines(born1869)
- February 7–Sofoklis Venizelos,Greek politician, three-timePrime Minister of Greece(born1894)
- February 8–Ernst Kretschmer,German psychiatrist (born1888)[191]
- February 10–Eugen Sänger,Austrian aerospace engineer (born1905)
- February 12–Gerald Gardner,English polymath, founder of Wiccan religion (born1884)[192]
- February 13–Paulino Alcántara,Filipino-Spanish footballer (born1896)
- February 15–Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange,French theologian (born1877)[193]
- February 18–Joseph-Armand Bombardier,Canadian inventor of thesnowmobileand founder ofBombardier Inc.(born1907)
- February 25
- Alexander Archipenko,Ukrainian-American sculptor (born1887)
- Mariano Jesús Cuenco,Filipino politician and writer (born1888)[194]
- Grace Metalious,American writer (born1924)[195]
- February 27–Orry-Kelly,Australian-born costume designer (born1897)
March
[edit]- March 6– KingPaul of Greece(born1901)
- March 9–Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck,German general (born1870)
- March 12–Abbās al-Aqqād,Egyptian journalist (born1889)
- March 18
- Sigfrid Edström,Swedish industrialist, 4thPresident of the International Olympic Committee(born1870)
- Norbert Wiener,American mathematician (born1894)[196]
- March 19–Leo Maximilian Baginski,German entrepreneur (born1891)
- March 20–Brendan Behan,Irish poet and writer (born1923)[197]
- March 23–Peter Lorre,Hungarian-born actor (born1904)[198]
- March 25–Alfredo Bigatti,Argentine sculptor (born1898)
- March 30
- Birinchi Kumar Barua,Indian folklorist (born1908)
- Nella Larsen,American novelist (born1891)[199]
April
[edit]- April 1–Božidar Kunc,Yugoslav composer (born1903)
- April 3–Franz Joseph, Prince of Hohenzollern-Emden(born1891)
- April 5–Douglas MacArthur,U.S. Army general, Supreme Allied Commander in Japan after World War II (born1880)
- April 6–Jigme Palden Dorji,1stPrime Minister of Bhutan(born1919;assassinated)[200]
- April 13–Veit Harlan,German film director (born1899)
- April 14
- Tatyana Afanasyeva,Soviet mathematician and physicist (born1876)
- Rachel Carson,American biologist and environmental writer (born1907)[201]
- April 18
- Fumio Asakura,Japanese sculptor (born1883)
- Ben Hecht,American screenwriter (born1894)
- April 20
- Dimitar Ganev,Bulgarian communist politician, head of the State (born1898)
- August Sander,German photographer (born1876)[202]
- April 21–Bharathidasan,Indian Tamil poet and rationalist (born1891)[203]
- April 24–Gerhard Domagk,Germanbacteriologist,recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine(declined) (born1895)
- April 29–Wenceslao Fernández Flórez,Spanish journalist and novelist (born1885)
May
[edit]- May 2–Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor,American-born British politician (born1879)
- May 6–José Maza Fernández,Chilean politician, lawyer and diplomat (born1889)
- May 8–Kichisaburō Nomura,Japanese admiral and diplomat (born1877)
- May 10–Carol Haney,American dancer and actress (born1924)
- May 13–Diana Wynyard,English actress (born1906)
- May 21–James Franck,German-born physicist,Nobel Prizelaureate (born1882)
- May 26–Ruben Oskar Auervaara,Finnish fraudster (born1906)[204]
- May 27–Jawaharlal Nehru,Indian politician, 1stPrime Minister of India(born1889)
- May 30–Leó Szilárd,Hungarian-born American physicist (born1898)
June
[edit]- June 3
- Raoul Magrin-Vernerey,French army officer (born1892)
- Frans Eemil Sillanpää,Finnish writer,Nobel Prizelaureate (born1888)
- June 6–Prince Hermann of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach(born1886)
- June 7
- Violet Attlee, Countess Attlee,wife of former British PM Clement Attlee (born1895)
- Charlie Llewellyn,first non-white South African Test cricketer (born1876)
- June 8–Carlos Quintanilla,37thPresident of Bolivia(born1888)
- June 9–Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook,Canadian-born British newspaper publisher and politician (born1879)
- June 11
- Catharine Carter Critcher,American painter (born1868)
- John Eke,Swedish Olympic athlete (born1886)[205]
- Plaek Phibunsongkhram,Thai field marshal and 3rdPrime Minister of Thailand(born1897)
- June 18–Giorgio Morandi,Italian painter (born1890)
- June 24–Stuart Davis,American painter (born1892)[206]
- June 25–Gerrit Rietveld,Dutch architect (born1888)
- June 27–Salvatore Aldisio,Italian politician (born1890)
- June 29–Eric Dolphy,American saxophonist (born1928)
July
[edit]- July 1–Pierre Monteux,French conductor (born1875)
- July 2–Fireball Roberts,American race car driver and a member of theNASCAR Hall of Fame(born1929)
- July 6–Zeng Junchen,Sichuan's 'King of Opium' (born1888)
- July 7–Lillian Copeland,American athlete (born1904)[207]
- July 11–Maurice Thorez,leader of theFrench Communist Party(born1900)
- July 14–Prince Axel of Denmark(born1888)
- July 15–Luis Batlle Berres,Uruguayan political figure, 30thPresident of Uruguay(born1897)
- July 16–Alfred Junge,German-born art director (born1886)
- July 21–Jean Fautrier,French painter and sculptor (born1898)
- July 22
- Leonid Baratov,Soviet director (born1895)
- Gildo Bocci,Italian actor (born1886)
- July 23–Thakin Kodaw Hmaing,Burmese poet and politician (born1876)
- July 25–Sir John Latham,Australian judge and politician (born1877)[208]
- July 31–Jim Reeves,American country singer (born1923)
August
[edit]- August 3–Flannery O'Connor,American writer (born1925)[209]
- August 6– SirCedric Hardwicke,English actor (born1893)
- August 7
- Salima Machamba,Sultan of Mohéli(born1874)[210]
- Aleksander Zawadzki,Polish politician, 12thPresident of Poland(born1899)
- August 9–Fontaine Fox,American cartoonist (born1884)
- August 11–André Aymard,French historian (born1900)
- August 12
- Isidro Fabela,Mexican judge and politician (born1882)
- Ian Fleming,British writer (born1908)[211]
- Dmitry Dmitrievich Maksutov,Soviet astronomer and inventor (born1896)
- August 13–Mushtaq Hussain Khan,Indian musician (born1878)
- August 14–Johnny Burnette,American singer (born1934)
- August 18–Mohammad Gul Khan Momand,Afghani politician (born1885)
- August 20–Anthony de Francisci,Italian-born American sculptor (born1887)
- August 21–Palmiro Togliatti,leader of theItalian Communist Party(born1893)
- August 22–Symeon Lukach,SovietEastern Catholicbishop, martyr and blessed (born1893)
- August 23–Estella Canziani,British painter (born1887)
- August 27–Gracie Allen,American actress and comedian, known as part of the comedy duoBurns and Allen(born1895)
- August 28–Lumsden Hare,Irish-born actor, theatre director, and theatre producer
- August 30–Aleksei Aleksandrovich Grechkin,Soviet commander (born1893)
September
[edit]- September 2
- Francisco Craveiro Lopes,Portuguese military officer and politician, 12thPresident of Portugal(born1894)
- Alvin York,American hero ofWorld War I(born1887)
- September 17–Clive Bell,English art critic (born1881)
- September 18
- J. Frank Dobie,American folklorist and journalist (b.1888)[212]
- Seán O'Casey,Irish writer (born1880)[213]
- September 21–Otto Grotewohl,East German Communist politician, 1stPrime Minister of the German Democratic Republic(born1894)
- September 28–Harpo Marx,American comedian, actor, mime artist, and musician (born1888)
- September 29–Fred Tootell,American Olympic athlete (born1902)
October
[edit]- October 1–Ernst Toch,Austrian composer (born1887)
- October 10–Eddie Cantor,American actor, comedian and dancer (born1892)
- October 15–Cole Porter,American composer and lyricist (born1891)
- October 20–Herbert Hoover,American politician, 31stPresident of the United States(born1874)
- October 22–Khawaja Nazimuddin,Pakistani political figure, 2ndPrime Minister of Pakistan(born1894)
- October 25–Joe Henderson,Americanrhythm and bluesandgospel musicsinger (born1937)
- October 27
- Pierre C. Cartier,French jeweller (born1878)
- Rudolph Maté,Polish cinematographer (born1898)
- October 29
- Claudio Ermelli,Italian actor (born1892)
- Henry Larsen,Canadian explorer (born1899)
November
[edit]- November 2
- Sir Charles Allfrey,British general (b.1895)[214]
- José Ramón Guizado,Panamanian politician, 17thPresident of Panama(born1899)
- November 5
- Mabel Lucie Attwell,British illustrator (born1879)
- John S. Robertson,Canadian film director (born1878)
- November 6–Hans von Euler-Chelpin,German-born chemist,Nobel Prizelaureate (born1873)
- November 10-Jimmie Dodd,American actor, singer and songwriter (b.1910)
- November 11
- Franciszek Barda,PolishRoman Catholicclergyman and servant of God (born1880)
- Juan de Dios Filiberto,Argentine violinist (born1885)
- Eduard Steuermann,Austrian-American pianist and composer (born1892)
- November 12–Rickard Sandler,Swedish politician, 20thPrime Minister of Sweden(born1884)
- November 13–Oskar Becker,German philosopher (born1889)
- November 14–Heinrich von Brentano,German politician (born1904)
- November 18–Tommaso Besozzi,Italian journalist (born1903)
- November 25–Clarence Kolb,American actor (born1874)
- November 29–Anne de Vries,Dutch writer (born1904)
December
[edit]- December 1
- Marie-Clémentine Anuarite Nengapeta,CongoleseRoman Catholicreligious sister (born1939)
- J. B. S. Haldane,British geneticist (born1892)
- December 4–Pina Pellicer,Mexican actress (born1934)
- December 5–V. Veerasingam,Ceylon Tamil teacher and politician (born1892)
- December 6–Consuelo Vanderbilt,Duchess of Marlborough (born1877)
- December 9– DameEdith Sitwell,British poet (born1887)
- December 10–Mariano Rossell y Arellano,Guatemalan clergyman (born1894)
- December 11
- Sam Cooke,American singer and songwriter (born1931)[215]
- Alma Mahler,wife ofGustav Mahler(born1879)
- December 13–Ernesto Almirante,Italian actor (born1877)
- December 14–William Bendix,American actor (born1906)
- December 15–C. J. Hambro,Norwegian politician and journalist (born1885)
- December 17–Victor Francis Hess,Austrian-born American physicist,Nobel Prizelaureate (born1883)
- December 21–Carl Van Vechten,American writer and photographer (born1880)[216]
- December 22–Rosa Borja de Ycaza,Ecuadorian writer (born1889)
- December 24–Kuksha of Odessa,Eastern Orthodox priest (born1875)
- December 29–Vladimir Favorsky,Russian artist and engraver (born1886)
- December 30–Hans Gerhard Creutzfeldt,German neuropathologist (born1885)[217]
- December 31
- Ronald Fairbairn,Scottish psychiatrist and psychoanalyst (born1889)[218]
- Ólafur Thors,Icelandic politician, 8thPrime Minister of Iceland(born1892)
- Henry Maitland Wilson,British field marshal (born1881)
Nobel Prizes
[edit]- Physics–Charles Hard Townes,Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov,Aleksandr Prokhorov
- Chemistry–Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
- Physiology or Medicine–Konrad Bloch,Feodor Lynen
- Literature–Jean-Paul Sartre
- Peace–Martin Luther King Jr.
References
[edit]- ^Malawi. Department of Civil Aviation (1965).Civil Aviation and Air Transport: Development Background, Policies and Plans, 1965–1969.p. 5.
- ^United States. Department of State (1964).Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers.U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 546.
- ^Kayla Ruble (January 12, 2014)."Read the Surgeon General's 1964 report on smoking and health".PBS.RetrievedJanuary 26,2021.
- ^"Kaunda Named First Premier of N. Rhodesia",Chicago Tribune,January 23, 1964, p1
- ^"T-39 Aircraft Incident".Western-allies-berlin.com. January 28, 1964.RetrievedApril 13,2010.
- ^Aviation Safety NetworkRetrieved on 27 October 2011
- ^United States (2013).The Constitution of the United States of America, Analysis and Interpretation, Centennial Edition, Analysis of Cases Decided by the Supreme Court of the United States to June 28, 2012.Government Printing Office. p. 41.ISBN978-0-16-091735-6.
- ^Ferry, D S."HMAS Melbournen/Voyager Collision: Cause Theories and Inquiries (with aspects of the HMAS Melbourne/USS Frank E Evans collision)"(PDF).Headmark.March, 2014 Issue 151: 2–17.
- ^United States. Central Intelligence Agency (1964).Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts.pp. 6–7.
- ^Emmanuel Kwaku Akyeampong; Henry Louis Gates (February 2, 2012).Dictionary of African Biography.OUP USA. p. 290.ISBN978-0-19-538207-5.
- ^Bruce Madej; Rob Toonkel; Mike Pearson; Greg Kinney (1997).Michigan: Champions of the West.Sports Publishing LLC. p. 138.ISBN978-1-57167-115-8.
- ^Tempo: Indonesia's Weekly News Magazine.Arsa Raya Perdana. 2004. p. 8.
- ^Wagner, Laura (June 10, 2016)."Muhammad Ali Changed His Name in 1964".Slate.
- ^USGS."M9.2 – The Great Alaska Earthquake and Tsunami of March 27, 1964".United States Geological Survey.Archivedfrom the original on January 1, 2018.RetrievedAugust 28,2017.
- ^United States. Central Intelligence Agency (1964).Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts.p. 8.
- ^Carol Bergman (1990).Sidney Poitier.Melrose Square Publishing Company. p. 124.
- ^Lawrence Goldman (March 7, 2013).Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2005–2008.OUP Oxford. pp. 367–.ISBN978-0-19-967154-0.
- ^Peter Guttridge (2008).The Great Train Robbery.National Archives. p. 80.ISBN978-1-905615-32-2.
- ^"An ideal for which I am prepared to die".The Guardian.April 23, 2007.RetrievedJuly 10,2021.
- ^Asa Briggs (March 23, 1995).The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom: Volume V: Competition.OUP Oxford. p. 412.ISBN978-0-19-215964-9.
- ^David Wise; Thomas B. Ross (1968).The Espionage Establishment.Cape. p. 112.ISBN978-0-224-61398-9.
- ^"Joergen Nash; artist who beheaded Little Mermaid statue".alt.obituaries.narkive.com.
- ^United States. Central Intelligence Agency (2009).The World Factbook.Central Intelligence Agency. p. 616.ISBN978-0-16-084587-1.
- ^Brigham Narins (2001).Notable Scientists from 1900 to the Present.Gale Group. p. 1205.ISBN978-0-7876-1754-7.
- ^Sealift.U.S. Government Printing Office. 1963. p. 21.
- ^Flynn, George Q. (1993).The Draft, 1940–1973.Modern War Studies. Lawrence:University Press of Kansas.p. 175.ISBN978-0700605866.RetrievedFebruary 13,2016.
- ^Gottlieb, Sherry Gershon (1991).Hell no, we won't go!: Resisting the draft during the Vietnam War.New York:Viking Penguin.p. xix.ISBN978-0670839353.RetrievedFebruary 13,2016.
1964: May 12—Twelve students at a New York rally burn their draft cards...
- ^Richard Deacon (1990).The French Secret Service.Grafton. p. 203.ISBN978-0-586-20673-7.
- ^James Bargent (May 26, 2014)."The FARC 1964-2002: From Ragged Rebellion to Military Machine".InSight Crime.Archived fromthe originalon September 27, 2016.RetrievedSeptember 13,2024.
- ^"Khanh Releases 4 Rival Generals; Key Men in Diem's Ouster Are Freed in Vietnam".New York Times.May 31, 1964. p. 2.
- ^Langguth, A. J.(2000).Our Vietnam: The War, 1954–1975.New York City: Simon and Schuster. pp. 289–291.ISBN0-684-81202-9.
- ^Irwin Abrams (1999).Peace 1991–1995.World Scientific. p. 65.ISBN978-981-02-2723-4.
- ^Later part of Miami University.Watson, Bruce (2020).Freedom Summer: The Savage Season of 1964 That Made Mississippi Burn and Made America a Democracy.Penguin Books. p. 16.ISBN978-0-143-11943-2.
- ^United States. Department of State (1964).Department of State News Letter.Bureau of Administration. p. 7.
- ^Edward C. Banfield (1974).The Unheavenly City Revisited.Little, Brown. p. 219.ISBN978-0-316-08013-2.
- ^Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie; Joy Dorothy Harvey (2000).The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: L-Z.Taylor & Francis. p. 1040.ISBN978-0-415-92040-7.
- ^"South Viet Nam: Toward the Showdown?".Time.August 7, 1964.RetrievedFebruary 11,2021.
- ^Yearbook on Human Rights for...United Nations. 1964. p. 77.
- ^Cheng, Adeline Low Hwee (2001). "The past in the present: Memories of the 1964 'racial riots' in Singapore".Asian Journal of Social Science.29(3): 431–455.doi:10.1163/156853101X00181.
- ^Russell D. Buhite (1997).Major Crises in Contemporary American Foreign Policy: A Documentary History.Greenwood Press. p. xxvi.ISBN978-0-313-29468-6.
- ^Mark Paytress (December 15, 2009).Rolling Stones: Off The Record.Omnibus Press. p. 94.ISBN978-0-85712-113-4.
- ^Peter Hitchens (2003).A Brief History of Crime: The Decline of Order, Justice and Liberty in England.Atlantic. p. 167.ISBN978-1-84354-148-6.
- ^Ngọc Huy Nguyễn; Stephen B. Young (1982).Understanding Vietnam.DPC Information Service. p. 116.
- ^Lincoln Allison; Alan Tomlinson (March 27, 2017).Understanding International Sport Organisations: Principles, power and possibilities.Taylor & Francis. p. 90.ISBN978-1-317-59043-9.
- ^Dennis B. Downey; Francis J. Bremer (1993).A Guide to the History of Pennsylvania.Greenwood Press. p. 227.ISBN978-0-313-25085-9.
- ^Pradip Choudhuri (1990).The Black Hole: Selected Poems 1964–1989.Inkblot. p. 1.ISBN978-0-934301-27-5.
- ^Passenger Transport.Ian Allan, Modern Transport Publishing Company. 1965. p. 148.
- ^M.A. van Meerhaeghe (June 29, 2013).International Economic Institutions.Springer Science & Business Media. p. 17.ISBN978-94-017-1930-8.
- ^Laurence Cole (2008).Dusty Springfield: In the Middle of Nowhere.Middlesex University Press. p. 122.ISBN978-1-904750-41-3.
- ^"Pope Paul VI - Speeches 1964".Vatican.RetrievedFebruary 26,2022.
- ^Prologue: The Journal of the National Archives.National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration. 1992. p. 1.
- ^United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Hearings Before the Subcommittee on African Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Ninety-fourth Congress, First Session...U.S. Government Printing Office. 1976. p. 10.
- ^Moog, R. A. (1965). "Voltage-Controlled Electronic Music Modules".Journal of the Audio Engineering Society.13(3): 200–206.
- ^"1964: Labour scrapes through".BBC News.BBC.April 5, 2005.Archivedfrom the original on February 13, 2016.RetrievedFebruary 13,2016.
- ^"1964: Labour voters are 'bonkers' says Hogg".BBC On This Day.BBC.2008.Archivedfrom the original on February 13, 2016.RetrievedFebruary 13,2016.
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