1982 in science

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The year1982 in scienceand technology involved many significant events, listed below.

Astronomy[edit]

January 17 –Allan Hills A81005,the firstlunar meteoritefound on Earth, is discovered in theAllan Hillsat the end of theTransantarctic MountainsbyJohn Schuttand Ian Whillans during theANSMETmeteorite gathering expedition.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
March 10 –Syzygy:all 9 planets align on the same side of theSun.
October 14 –Halley's Comet:First spotted in the sky after 70 year return.

Biology[edit]

September – First report of anti-humanmonoclonal antibodyproduction.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Computer science[edit]

January 7 – TheCommodore 64 8-bit home computeris launched byCommodore International(released in August); it becomes the all-time best-selling single personal computer model.^[8]
January 30 – Firstcomputer virus,theElk Cloner,written by 15-year-oldRich Skrenta,is found in the wild.^[9]It infectsApple IIcomputers viafloppy disk.
July 9 – Sci-fi movieTronis the first feature film to usecomputer animationextensively.

Earth sciences[edit]

December 13 –1982 North Yemen earthquake,the first instrumentally recorded event to be detected on global seismograph networks.

History of science[edit]

Night Thoughts of a Classical Physicistis published byRussell McCormmach.McCormmach uses the novel to present a historiographic point meant to reinforceThomas Kuhn's conception of a non-linear scientific development.

Mathematics[edit]

Michael Freedman proves thePoincaré conjecturein dimensions equal to 4.^[10]
Gerhard Freydraws attention to the property of theelliptic curvewhich becomes known as theFrey curve.^[11]
Brazilian mathematicianCelso Costa gives a mathematical description ofCosta's minimal surface,the first embeddedminimal surfacediscovered in more than a century.^[12]
Alexander MerkurjevandAndrei Suslinprove thenorm residue isomorphism theoremin Milnor K2-theory for the casen= 2and ℓ arbitrary, with applications to theBrauer group.

Medicine[edit]

July 20 –Allen Hilland colleagues at theUniversity of Oxforddevelop a glucose biosensor.^[13]^[14]
September 9 –George Brownleeand colleagues at the University of Oxford publish their results of cloning human clotting factor IX.^[15]
November –Helen House,the world’s firstchildren’s hospice,is set up bySister Frances DominicainOxford,England.^[16]
December 2 – At theUniversity of Utah,61-year-old retired dentistBarney Clarkbecomes the first person to receive a permanentartificial heart;he lives for 112 days with the device.
Janet Balaskasestablishes and names the active birth movement.^[17]
Working Formulationadopted as a standard classification fornon-Hodgkin lymphomas.
Atomic Energy of CanadacreatesTherac-25,a radiation treatment for cancer patients to remove tumors; however the treatment causes 6 deaths between 1985-87 after people are seriously burned by the number of rads: the correct dose of rads is 200-1,000 rads but Therac-25 has 15,000-20,000 rads which is fatal. It is no longer used after 1987.

Physics[edit]

TheSakuma–Hattori equationis first proposed byFumihiro Sakuma,Akira OnoandSusumu Hattori.

Psychology[edit]

The Foundations of Ethologyis published byKonrad Lorenz.

Awards[edit]

Births[edit]

Deaths[edit]

February 20 –Derek Jackson(b.1906), British-bornspectroscopistand steeplechase rider.
March 25 –Rufus P. Turner(b.1907),African American electronic engineer.
April 9 –Robert Havemann(b.1910),German chemist.
May 3 –Henri Tajfel(b.1919),Polish-bornBritish social psychologist.
May 22 –Jay Laurence Lush(b.1896),Americanlivestockgeneticist.
June 12 –Karl von Frisch(b.1886),Austrian-bornethologistand winner of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
July 29 –Vladimir K. Zworykin(b.1889),Russian Americanpioneer of television technology.
August 5 –John Charnley(b.1911),English orthopaedic surgeon.
December 27 –Jack Swigert(b.1931), Americanastronaut.

References[edit]

^"Allan Hills A81005".Meteoritical Society.Retrieved2013-01-11.
^Marvin, Ursula B. (1983-01-01). "The discovery and initial characterization of Allan Hills 81005: The first lunar meteorite".Geophysical Research Letters.10(9): 775–778.Bibcode:1983GeoRL..10..775M.doi:10.1029/GL010i009p00775.
^Righter, Kevin; Gruener, John."Allan Hills A81005"(PDF).NASA.Retrieved2013-01-11.
^Righter, Kevin; Gruener, John."The Lunar Meteorite Compendium".NASA.Retrieved2013-01-11.
^Greener, Mark (2005). "MAbs Turn 30".The Scientist.19(3): 14–16.
^Tseng, S.C.; Jarvinen, M.J.; Nelson, W.G.; Huang, J.W.; Woodcock-Mitchell, J.; Sun, T.T. (1982). "Correlation of specific keratins with different types of epithelial differentiation: monoclonal antibody studies".Cell.30(2): 361–372.doi:10.1016/0092-8674(82)90234-3.PMID 6183000.S2CID 18786728.
^Woodcock-Mitchell, J.; Eichner, R.; Nelson, W.G.; Sun, T.T. (1982)."Immunolocalization of keratin polypeptides in human epidermis using monoclonal antibodies".Journal of Cell Biology.95(2): 256–269.doi:10.1083/jcb.95.2.580.PMC2112943.PMID 6183275.
^"How many Commodore 64 computers were sold?".pagetable.Archived fromthe originalon 2016-03-06.Retrieved2013-03-25.
^"Elk Cloner".SearchSecurity.June 2004.Retrieved2012-01-28.
^Crilly, Tony (2007).50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know.London: Quercus. p. 93.ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.
^Frey, Gerhard (1982). "Rationale Punkte auf Fermatkurven und getwisteten Modulkurven".Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik.331:185–191.
^Costa, Celso (1982).Imersões mínimas completas em $\mathbb {R} ^{3}$ de gênero um e curvatura total finita.Ph.D. Thesis, IMPA, Rio de Janeiro.
^Cass, A. E. G.; et al. (1985). "Ferrocene-mediated enzyme electrode for amperometric determination of glucose".Analytical Chemistry.56(4): 667–71.doi:10.1021/ac00268a018.PMID 6721151.
^"RSC honours Oxford University team behind diabetic breakthrough".Royal Society of Chemistry. 2012-07-16.Retrieved2014-10-10.
^Choo, K. H.; Gould, K. G.; Rees, D. J. G.; Brownlee, G. G. (1982). "Molecular cloning of the gene for human anti-haemophilic factor IX".Nature.299(5879): 178–180.Bibcode:1982Natur.299..178C.doi:10.1038/299178a0.PMID 6287289.S2CID 1298041.
^Midgley, Emma (2009-09-09)."The story of Helen House".BBC Berkshire.Retrieved2013-09-07.
^Balaskas, Janet (1983).Active Birth.London: Unwin.ISBN 0-04-612033-5.

[1] "Allan Hills A81005".Meteoritical Society.Retrieved2013-01-11.

[2] Marvin, Ursula B. (1983-01-01). "The discovery and initial characterization of Allan Hills 81005: The first lunar meteorite".Geophysical Research Letters.10(9): 775–778.Bibcode:1983GeoRL..10..775M.doi:10.1029/GL010i009p00775.

[3] Righter, Kevin; Gruener, John."Allan Hills A81005"(PDF).NASA.Retrieved2013-01-11.

[4] Righter, Kevin; Gruener, John."The Lunar Meteorite Compendium".NASA.Retrieved2013-01-11.

[5] Greener, Mark (2005). "MAbs Turn 30".The Scientist.19(3): 14–16.

[6] Tseng, S.C.; Jarvinen, M.J.; Nelson, W.G.; Huang, J.W.; Woodcock-Mitchell, J.; Sun, T.T. (1982). "Correlation of specific keratins with different types of epithelial differentiation: monoclonal antibody studies".Cell.30(2): 361–372.doi:10.1016/0092-8674(82)90234-3.PMID 6183000.S2CID 18786728.

[7] Woodcock-Mitchell, J.; Eichner, R.; Nelson, W.G.; Sun, T.T. (1982)."Immunolocalization of keratin polypeptides in human epidermis using monoclonal antibodies".Journal of Cell Biology.95(2): 256–269.doi:10.1083/jcb.95.2.580.PMC2112943.PMID 6183275.

[8] "How many Commodore 64 computers were sold?".pagetable.Archived fromthe originalon 2016-03-06.Retrieved2013-03-25.

[9] "Elk Cloner".SearchSecurity.June 2004.Retrieved2012-01-28.

[10] Crilly, Tony (2007).50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know.London: Quercus. p. 93.ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.

[11] Frey, Gerhard (1982). "Rationale Punkte auf Fermatkurven und getwisteten Modulkurven".Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik.331:185–191.

[12] Costa, Celso (1982).Imersões mínimas completas em $\mathbb {R} ^{3}$ de gênero um e curvatura total finita.Ph.D. Thesis, IMPA, Rio de Janeiro.

[13] Cass, A. E. G.; et al. (1985). "Ferrocene-mediated enzyme electrode for amperometric determination of glucose".Analytical Chemistry.56(4): 667–71.doi:10.1021/ac00268a018.PMID 6721151.

[14] "RSC honours Oxford University team behind diabetic breakthrough".Royal Society of Chemistry. 2012-07-16.Retrieved2014-10-10.

[15] Choo, K. H.; Gould, K. G.; Rees, D. J. G.; Brownlee, G. G. (1982). "Molecular cloning of the gene for human anti-haemophilic factor IX".Nature.299(5879): 178–180.Bibcode:1982Natur.299..178C.doi:10.1038/299178a0.PMID 6287289.S2CID 1298041.

[16] Midgley, Emma (2009-09-09)."The story of Helen House".BBC Berkshire.Retrieved2013-09-07.

[17] Balaskas, Janet (1983).Active Birth.London: Unwin.ISBN 0-04-612033-5.

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