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1994 Maryland gubernatorial election

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1994 Maryland gubernatorial election
←1990 November 8, 1994 1998→
Turnout60.67%Increase5.82%[1]
Nominee Parris Glendening Ellen Sauerbrey
Party Democratic Republican
Running mate Kathleen Kennedy Townsend Paul Rappaport
Popular vote 708,094 702,101
Percentage 50.2% 49.8%
County results
Glendening:50-60%60-70%70-80%
Sauerbrey:50-60%60-70%70-80%
Governor before election

William Donald Schaefer
Democratic

Elected Governor

Parris Glendening
Democratic

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The1994 Maryland gubernatorial electionwas held on November 8, 1994. IncumbentDemocraticGovernorWilliam Donald Schaeferwas ineligible for re-election. Prince George's County ExecutiveParris Glendeningemerged victorious from the Democratic primary after defeating several candidates. Maryland House minority leaderEllen Sauerbrey,who would also be the 1998Republicannominee for governor, won her party's nomination.

In the general election, Glendening narrowly defeated Sauerbrey by a margin of 50.2 percent to 49.8 percent, or by 5,993 votes, the closest gubernatorial election in Maryland since1919[2]and the first gubernatorial election in Maryland history to be decided by an absentee runoff.[3]Sauerbrey's campaign challenged the results of the election, filing a lawsuit alleging voter fraud and election irregularities; her claims were rejected by Anne Arundel Circuit Court Judge Raymond G. Thieme Jr. in January 1995.[4]

This election marked the first time since1915that a Democrat won Maryland withoutBaltimore County,the first time since1930that a Democrat won Maryland withoutCecil County,and the first time since1919that a Democrat won withoutSt. Mary's County.[5][6]This is the last time Howard County voted for the statewide loser.

Democratic primary[edit]

Campaign[edit]

Baltimore mayorKurt Schmoke,who was seen as the likely Democratic frontrunner in the race,[7][8]announced in September 1993 that he would not run for governor, instead opting for a third term as mayor in1995.[9]

Prince George's County ExecutiveParris Glendening,Lieutenant GovernorMelvin Steinberg,and state senatorMary Boergerswere among the first candidates to enter the race for governor. GovernorWilliam Donald Schaefer,unimpressed with the early candidates, who were distancing themselves from Schaefer, encouraged state senatorAmerican Joe Miedusiewskiand U.S. representativesSteny HoyerandBen Cardinto enter the race.[10][11]Although Miedusiewski entered the race a few weeks later,[12]Schaefer declined to endorse him, saying that he didn't do endorsements, but urged voters to support him.[13]

Steinberg was initially viewed as the frontrunner of the Democratic primary, but his campaign suffered from poor fundraising and gaffes that contributed to his dwindling lead in polling.[14]Glendening receiving the endorsements of both Schmoke[15]and Montgomery County Executive Neal Potter[16]established him as the new frontrunner in the race[17]and gave him an overwhelming lead in theWashington, D.C.suburbs and Baltimore City, which led to his resounding victory in the Democratic primary in September 1994.[18]

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]

Eliminated in primary[edit]

Withdrawn[edit]

Declined[edit]

Endorsements[edit]

Mary Boergers
Organizations
Parris Glendening
U.S. representatives
Statewide elected officials
State senators
State delegates
Local officials
Individuals
Organizations
Labor unions
Newspapers
American Joe Miedusiewski
State senators
Labor unions
Melvin Steinberg
State delegates
Labor unions
Declined to endorse
Statewide officials

Polling[edit]

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[a] 		Margin
of error 		Mary
Boergers 		Parris
Glendening 		American Joe
Miedusiewski 		Melvin
Steinberg 		Other Undecided
Mason-Dixon Research September 7–8, 1994 581 (LV) ± 4.1% 10% 45% 13% 20% 2% 10%
Mason-Dixon Research August 26–28, 1994 421 (LV) ± 4.8% 8% 43% 10% 16% 2% 21%
Mason-Dixon Research July 15–17, 1994 839 (RV) ± 3.5% 12% 38% 16% 11% – 23%
Mason-Dixon Research June 16–18, 1994 818 (RV) ± 5.0% 10% 31% 7% 21% – 31%
Maryland Businesses
for Responsible Government 		April 21–27, 1994 814 (LV) – 7% 16% 5.4% 15.4% – –
Mason-Dixon Research January 31 – February 2, 1994 491 (RV) ± 3.5% 8% 18% 4% 28% – –
9% 19% 4% 28% 5%[b] –
Cooper & Secrest Associates[A] December 13–19, 1993 814 (LV) – 7% 16% 6% 26% – 45%
Hypothetical polling
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[a] 		Margin
of error 		Mary
Boergers 		J. Joseph
Curran Jr. 		Parris
Glendening 		R. Clayton
Mitchell Jr. 		Kurt
Schmoke 		Melvin
Steinberg 		Undecided
Mason-Dixon Research July 29–31, 1993 502 (RV) ± 3.5% 11% 11% 12% – 33% 13% 27%
Mason-Dixon Research February 26–28, 1993 811 (LV) ± 3.5% – 15% 10% 5% 31% 13% 27%
– 21% 15% – – 19% 45%

Results[edit]

Results by county
Glendening
  • 30–40%
  • 40–50%
  • 50–60%
  • 60–70%
  • 80–90%
Miedusiewski
  • 40–50%
Democratic primary results[45]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic
  • Parris Glendening
  • Kathleen Kennedy Townsend
 		293,314 53.59
Democratic
  • American Joe Miedusiewski
  • Bernie Fowler
 100,296 18.32
Democratic
  • Melvin A. Steinberg
  • James C. Simpson
 82,308 15.04
Democratic
  • Mary Boergers
  • Barbara Osborn Kreamer
 46,888 8.57
Democratic
  • Don Allensworth
  • Linda Hartman
 15,680 2.86
Democratic
  • Walter Gilcrist Finch
  • John Siegert
 5,369 0.98
Democratic
  • Lawrence K. Freeman
  • Mark Nafziger
 3,518 0.64
Total votes 547,373 100.00

Republican primary[edit]

Campaign[edit]

Ahead of the election, Republicans expressed optimism in their ability to retake the governor's office,[46]with party nominees receiving about 40 percent of the vote in recent elections[47]and polls showing voters strongly disapproving of GovernorWilliam Donald Schaeferas a result of his support for an $800 million tax restructuring package and media coverage of his "style" problems, including his"shithouse" gaffe.[48][49]Potential Republican candidates predicted a crowded Democratic field to succeed Schaefer in 1994 and a resulting fratricide that would make coalescing around a single candidate following the primary elections challenging for the Democratic Party. Republicans also believed that the party was likely to nominate an urban-oriented nominee, which they saw as an ideal general election opponent.[47]

1990 gubernatorial nominee William Shepard became the first candidate to enter the race, followed shortly afterwards by House of Delegates minority leaderEllen Sauerbreyin April 1993.[50]Anne Arundel County ExecutiveRobert R. Neall,who was viewed as the early Republican frontrunner,[51]announced in October 1993 that he would not run for governor, clearing a path for U.S. representativeHelen Delich Bentley,[52]who announced her candidacy for governor a month later.[53]

Sauerbrey steadily rose in polling during the Republican primary election, bringing the gap between her and Bentley within 13 points five days before the primary.[14]She also criticized Bentley as a "big-spending liberal", citing her voting record in Congress; Bentley did not respond to Sauerbrey's attacks and chose to keep a low profile at debates, opting to instead focus on the general election. Sauerbrey won the Republican nomination in an upset in September 1994, defeating Bentley by a margin of 52 percent to 38 percent. Sauerbrey's surprise win marked a rightward shift in theMaryland Republican Party's politics and was one of many defeats for the Republican establishment, as voters rejected two of the state's three members on theRepublican National Committeeand defeated establishment candidate Richard Taylor in the Comptroller primary election.[54]

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]

Eliminated in primary[edit]

Declined[edit]

Endorsements[edit]

Helen Delich Bentley
U.S. senators
U.S. representatives
Statewide elected officials
Organizations
Ellen Sauerbrey
Executive branch officials

Polling[edit]

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[a] 		Margin
of error 		Helen Delich
Bentley 		Ellen
Sauerbrey 		William
Shephard 		Undecided
Mason-Dixon Research September 7–8, 1994 368 (LV) ± 5.2% 45% 32% 7% 16%
Mason-Dixon Research August 26–28, 1994 228 (LV) ± 6.6% 44% 27% 10% 19%
Mason-Dixon Research July 15–17, 1994 839 (RV) ± 3.5% 48% 14% 11% 27%
Mason-Dixon Research June 16–18, 1994 818 (RV) ± 5.0% 41% 11% 9% 39%
Tarrant Group[B] May 10–11, 1994 700 (V) – 43% 9% 7% –
Maryland Businesses
for Responsible Government 		April 21–27, 1994 814 (LV) – 28.5% 10.4% 14.5% –
Mason-Dixon Research January 31 – February 2, 1994 261 (RV) ± 3.5% 46% 7% 9% 38%
Hypothetical polling
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[a] 		Margin
of error 		Helen Delich
Bentley 		Bill
Brock 		Robert
Neall 		Ellen
Sauerbrey 		William
Shephard 		Undecided
Mason-Dixon Research July 29–31, 1993 502 (RV) ± 3.5% 31% – 19% 6% 5% 39%
Mason-Dixon Research February 26–28, 1993 811 (LV) ± 3.5% 34% 4% 10% – 11% 41%
– 5% 17% 13% 13% 52%

Results[edit]

Results by county
Sauerbrey
  • 40–50%
  • 50–60%
  • 60–70%
Bentley
  • 40–50%
  • 50–60%
Republican primary results[45]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican
  • Ellen Sauerbrey
  • Paul Rappaport
 		123,676 52.18
Republican
  • Helen Delich Bentley
  • Howard A. Denis
 89,821 37.90
Republican
  • William S. Shepard
  • Julia Walsh Gouge
 23,505 9.92
Total votes 237,002 100.00

General election[edit]

Campaign[edit]

In the general election, Glendening sought to position himself as a prudent fiscal manager, citing his record as county executive, and on a platform supporting education, public safety, and environmental protection. Sauerbrey continued to campaign on lowering taxes and deregulation.[60][61]

In the final eight weeks of the election, Glendening spent $2.5 million on campaign ads portraying Sauerbrey as aright-wing extremistwho would roll back protections on gun control and abortion rights, and associating her with televangelistPat Robertsonand hisChristian Coalition,who distributed campaign literature in churches spotlighting certain political positions of Glendening and Sauerbrey.[62][63]He also criticized her pledge to cut taxes, calling her a "millionairess" and arguing that it would curtail essential state services and force local jurisdictions to compensate by raising property taxes. As a result of the ad blitz, Sauerbrey's approval ratings fell into the 30 percent range within the final days of the election.[60]

Glendening's narrow win in the general election against Sauerbrey led Governor Schaefer to call for a "rebuilding" of theMaryland Democratic Partyled by U.S. senatorBarbara Mikulski.[64]

Endorsements[edit]

Parris Glendening (D)
Executive branch officials
Statewide officials
State senators
Local officials
Individuals
Organizations
Newspapers
Ellen Sauerbrey (R)
U.S. representatives
Party officials
Organizations

Polling[edit]

Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[a] 		Margin
of error 		Parris
Glendening (D) 		Ellen
Sauerbrey (R) 		Undecided
Mason-Dixon Research November 2–4, 1994 1,100 (LV) ± 3.0% 47% 45% –
Mason-Dixon Research October 13–15, 1994 826 (RV) ± 3.5% 48% 42% 10%
The Washington Post October 8–11, 1994 808 (LV) ± 4.0% 53% 37% 10%
Mason-Dixon Research September 21–23, 1994 829 (RV) ± 3.5% 47% 40% 13%
Hypotenuse Inc. Early September 1994 500 (RV) ± 4.5% 48% 47% –
Hypothetical polling
Parris Glendening vs. Helen Delich Bentley
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[a] 		Margin
of error 		Parris
Glendening 		Helen Delich
Bentley 		Undecided
Mason-Dixon Research August 26–28, 1994 824 (LV) ± 3.5% 43% 37% 20%
Mason-Dixon Research July 15–17, 1994 839 (RV) ± 3.5% 38% 41% 21%
Mason-Dixon Research June 16–18, 1994 818 (RV) ± 5.0% 37% 35% 28%
Tarrant Group[B] May 10–11, 1994 700 (V) – 37% 39% 24%
Melvin Steinberg vs. Helen Delich Bentley
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size[a] 		Margin
of error 		Melvin
Steinberg 		Helen Delich
Bentley 		Undecided
Tarrant Group[B] May 10–11, 1994 700 (V) – 32% 38% 30%
Mason-Dixon Research January 31 – February 2, 1994 261 (RV) ± 3.5% 28% 34% 38%

Results[edit]

Maryland gubernatorial election, 1994[75]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Democratic
708,094 50.21% -9.55%
Republican
702,101 49.78% +9.55%
Write-in 105 0.02% N/A
Majority 5,993 0.42% -19.58%
Turnout 1,410,300 60.67% +5.82%
Democratichold Swing

Dispute over results[edit]

On November 12, 1994, Sauerbrey's campaign said that it had hired sixteen professional investigators, led by attorneyGeorge Bealland party counselChris West,to probe complaints of voter fraud and irregularities in the gubernatorial general election.[76][77]The investigation claimed that voting machines in Prince George's and Montgomery counties and the city of Baltimore had been tampered with to record votes from 4,774 incarcerated individuals, 37 dead voters, 71 individuals who provided elections officials with addresses of vacant buildings, 20 unregistered voters, and 84 voters who had voted twice. Sauerbrey filed an unprecedented[78]lawsuit seeking to overturn the general election results, citing the findings of her investigation and earlier claims that about 2,000 absentee ballots were cast without a required affidavit or processed early by election officials.[79][80]Lawyers for the Glendening campaign sought to dismiss Sauerbrey's lawsuit, saying that the alleged voting irregularities were "the result of [at worst] excusable neglect, or do not involve intentially wrongful acts or acts of fraud by voters, election officials, or others" and that Sauerbrey could not prove that such voters cast ballots for Glendening or voted in the governor's race at all. Maryland attorney generalJ. Joseph Curran Jr.also sought the dismissal of the lawsuit, saying that theConstitution of Marylandgave theMaryland House of Delegatesexclusive jurisdiciton over deciding the outcome of a disputed gubernatorial election.[81]

On January 14, 1995, Anne Arundel Circuit Court Judge Raymond G. Thieme Jr. rejected Sauerbrey's claims, saying that while the Maryland Republican Party's investigation of the election presented "serious problems in Baltimore City", Sauerbrey presented no "clear and convincing" proof of election fraud.[4]Sauerbrey initially planned to appeal Judge Thieme's decision, but withdrew her appeal on January 16, 1995.[82]

In November 2020, in an interview withMaryland Mattersafter PresidentDonald Trumpmadefalse claims about voter fraud in the 2020 presidential election,Sauerbrey expressed no regrets about challenging her 1994 election outcome.[83]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^abcdefgKey:
    A – all adults
    RV – registered voters
    LV – likely voters
    V – unclear
  2. ^Stewart Bainum with 5%
Partisan clients
  1. ^Poll sponsored by Steinberg's campaign.
  2. ^abcPoll sponsored by Bentley's campaign.

References[edit]

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  4. ^abMontgomery, David (January 14, 1995)."Judge rejects Sauerbrey's bid to overturn vote in Maryland".The Washington Post.RetrievedMarch 10,2024.
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  79. ^Frece, John W.; Zorzi, William F. Jr. (December 28, 1994)."11,000 votes challenged Republican Ellen Sauerbrey officially files suit contesting November election".The Baltimore Sun.RetrievedMarch 10,2024.
  80. ^Janofsky, Michael (December 29, 1994)."Loser for Maryland Governor Files Suit to Overturn Election".The New York Times.RetrievedMarch 10,2024.
  81. ^Frece, John W. (December 31, 1994)."Glendening seeks dismissal of Sauerbrey suit".The Baltimore Sun.RetrievedMarch 10,2024.
  82. ^James, Michael (January 16, 1995)."Sauerbrey abandons election appeal".The Baltimore Sun.RetrievedMarch 10,2024.
  83. ^Rydell, John (November 7, 2020)."Glendening, Sauerbrey Reflect on the Ballot Impasse - And Their Own".Maryland Matters.RetrievedMarch 10,2024.


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