1999 Formula One World Championship
 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(December 2011) |
The1999 FIA Formula One World Championshipwas the 53rd season ofFIAFormula Onemotor racing. It featured the 1999 Formula One World Championship for Drivers and the 1999 Formula One World Championship for Constructors, which were contested concurrently over a sixteen-race series that commenced on 7 March and ended on 31 October.
Defending championMika Häkkinenwas again awarded theWorld Drivers' Championship.[1]His teamMcLarenjust missed out: it wasFerrarithat clinched theWorld Constructors' Championshipby a margin of four points.[2]It would be the last Drivers' title for a McLaren driver until2008.It was Ferrari's first Constructors' title since1983,but would also mark the first of six successive titles up to2004.
It was the final season for1996world championDamon Hill.It was also the last Drivers' Championship for McLaren untilLewis Hamiltonin2008.
Drivers and constructors[edit]
The followingteamsanddriverscompeted in the 1999 FIA Formula One World Championship. All teams competed with tyres supplied byBridgestone.
†All engines were 3.0 litre,V10configuration.[3]
Team changes[edit]
After three decades in the sport, theTyrrellteam was sold toBritish American Tobaccoand its entry was used by the newBritish American Racing (BAR)team, withSupertecengines replacing theFord-Cosworthunits of the previous season.
In 1998,Goodyearsupplied tires to five teams, but when the company withdrew from the sport after 34 years, it leftBridgestoneas the sole tire supplier.[3]
TheMecachromeengines used by Williams in1998were rebadged asSupertecunits.
Driver changes[edit]
Williamsentered the season with an all-new driver pairing:Ralf Schumacher(driving forJordanin1998) andAlessandro Zanardi.The Italian had last driven in F1 forLotusin1994.In the years between, he had won the 1997 and 1998CARTchampionships forChip Ganassi Racing.
Heinz-Harald Frentzencompleted a straight swap with the younger Schumacher, taking the vacant seat at Jordan alongside1996championDamon Hill.Frentzen's 1998 teammate, the1997championJacques Villeneuve,moved to the newly foundedBritish American Racing (BAR)team. He was partnered withMcLarentest driverandFIA GT1championRicardo Zonta,one of three F1 rookies on the grid at the beginning of the season.
1998TyrrelldriverRicardo Rossethad retired from racing, while his teammateToranosuke Takagimoved toArrows.He was joined by Jordan's test driver from last year,Pedro de la Rosa,who also made his debut as a Grand Prix driver.Pedro Dinizleft Arrows forSauber.
Johnny Herbert,whose Sauber seat was taken by Diniz, joinedRubens BarrichelloatStewart.Stewart's drivers from 1998 were both absent from the Formula One grid this year:Jan Magnussenmoved to theAmerican Le Mans Series,whileJos Verstappenbecame the test driver for theHondaF1 project, which was later aborted.
Finally,Minardialso fielded a completely new driver pairing:Luca Badoer(who had last driven forFortiin1996but became Ferrari test driver in the following years) and the third rookie driver,reigning Open Fortuna by Nissan championMarc Gené.Their previous driversShinji NakanoandEsteban Tuerobecame a test driver for Jordan and driver in the ArgentinianTC 2000 Championship,respectively.
Mid-season changes[edit]
A wrist injury toLuca Badoerled toProsttest driverStéphane Sarrazinmaking his F1 debut at theBrazilian Grand Prix.It would end up being the Frenchman's only ever race in the series.
Mika Salo,driving forArrowsin1998,was left without a full-time drive for 1999, but he later served as an injury replacement for bothRicardo Zontafor three races (after his accident duringpracticeof theBrazilian Grand Prix), andFerrari'sMichael Schumacherfor six races (after his brake failure and heavy accident atSilverstone.He scored one second place and one third for Ferrari.
Calendar[edit]
The 1999 FIA Formula One World Championship comprised the following 16 races.[5]
Calendar changes and proposed races[edit]
- TheMalaysian Grand Prixwas added to the calendar, held at a newly built circuit inSepang.
- There were proposals for aChinese Grand Prixto be held at theZhuhai International Circuit.The race was included on the provisional calendar, with 21 March as its date, released on 15 October 1998. The race was removed from the calendar on 20 December 1998, due to unspecified problems. The race was proposed to be moved to the autumn but this did not occur.[7][8]The Chinese Grand Prix ultimately joined the calendar in 2004, with the event held at theShanghai International Circuit.
- TheArgentine Grand Prixwas added to the calendar on 20 December 1998 as a replacement for the cancelled Chinese Grand Prix, to be held at theAutódromo Juan y Oscar Gálvezas the second round of the season on 28 March, but was cancelled as well because of disagreements between the organizer and the commercial rights holder.[9]This resulted in a five-week gap between the year's opening two races.[5]
- The race at the Nurburgring was held under theEuropean Grand Prixtitle once more, having been held under theLuxembourg Grand Prixtitle in the1997and1998season.
Regulation changes[edit]
For 1999, there were only minor changes to the technical regulations.[10][11][12][13]
- Thegrooved tiresintroduced in 1998 now had four grooves on all tires; the front tires previously had three.
- The front tyres were made a bit narrower: 355 mm (14.0 in) maximum instead of 380 mm (15 in). The maximum width of the rear tyres remained at 380 mm (15 in).
- Wheels also were required to be tethered to thechassisin order to prevent them flying off in a crash.
- Frontal crash tests would be conducted at 13 m/s (43 ft/s), up from 12 m/s (39 ft/s).
Season summary[edit]
Rounds 1 to 4[edit]
The first round of the championship was inAustraliaand, unsurprisingly, the twoMcLarensofMika HäkkinenandDavid Coulthardstarted on the front row.Ferrari'sMichael Schumacherqualified in third. Just like last year'sfinal race,however, Schumacher stalled on thewarm-up lapand had to start at the back of the grid. So the McLarens were first and second into the first corner and pulled away, until both suddenly broke down: Coulthard when his gearbox failed and Häkkinen with electrical trouble. This leftEddie Irvinein the secondFerrarito take his first ever win ahead ofJordan'sHeinz-Harald FrentzenandRalf Schumacherin theWilliams.
After the cancellation of two proposed races left an unusual five-week gap in the calendar, the Grand Prix circus struck down inBrazil.Häkkinen and Coulthard started 1–2 again, with home heroRubens Barrichelloin third forStewart.This time, Coulthard faltered at the start and he had to be pushed into thepitlane.He rejoined three laps down on the rest of the field. Häkkinen looked dominant, but when he got stuck in third gear, he was passed by Barrichello and Michael Schumacher. Barrichello was on a two-stopper and pitted early, leaving Schumacher in first, only to be jumped by a recovering Häkkinen during thepit stops.Häkkinen won ahead of Schumacher, and Frentzen took third after Barrichello's engine blew up.
The first European race of the season took place atImola,and even though thetifosiwere out in full force for Ferrari, McLaren locked out the front row of the grid for the third successive race. Schumacher and Irvine were confined to the second row. Häkkinen, who was on a two-stopper, raced away from the field early on, only to lose control and crash on the 18th lap. This left Coulthard and Schumacher to battle it out, and the German jumped his rival in the stops to win, sending the tifosi wild. Coulthard came home in second and Barrichello took third after Irvine retired with an engine failure.
Häkkinen took pole again atMonaco,but this time, Schumacher prevented a lockout of the front row. Schumacher actually beat Häkkinen on the run to the first corner and then pulled away. Both Irvine and Coulthard gained a place when Häkkinen went up an escape road atMirabeau,but soon after, Coulthard retired from third with a mechanical failure. Schumacher won by half a minute, with Irvine making it a Ferrari 1–2, and Häkkinen had to be content with the lastpodiumspot.
With a quarter of the season gone, Schumacher led the championship with 26 points and teammate Irvine was second with 18. Häkkinen was third with 14, 12 points behind Schumacher, and only one point ahead of fourth-placed Frentzen. In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari with 44 points had a big lead over McLaren with 20, and Jordan with 16.
Rounds 5 to 8[edit]
For the next race inSpain,Mika Häkkinentookpole positionas usual ahead ofEddie Irvine,teammateDavid CoulthardandMichael Schumacher.BothFerrarisgot away poorly, Irvine was passed by Coulthard and both were passed byJacques Villeneuvein theBAR.The McLarens disappeared into the distance and cruised to a 1–2 finish (Häkkinen before Coulthard), while the Ferraris finally got by Villeneuve at thepit stops,Schumacher finishing third.
It was at theCanadian GPthat Häkkinen's string of poles was broken, the Finn being pushed to second by Schumacher. The front two maintained their positions at the start and pulled away. Schumacher led until he hit the infamousWall of Championsand retired. After one of thesafety carperiods, Coulthard tried to overtake Irvine, but they collided and spun off. Coulthard's miseries ensued when he ignored the red light at the end of the pit lane and was handed astop-go penalty.All this leftHeinz-Harald Frentzenin second, only for him to crash heavily with a brake failure 4 laps from the end. This brought out the safety car until the end of the race, thus making it the first ever race to finish behind the safety car. Häkkinen won from a surprisingGiancarlo Fisichellaand the recovering Irvine.
Qualifying for the next race inFrancewas disrupted by rain, and it resulted inRubens Barrichellotaking pole ahead ofJean Alesi'sSauberandOlivier Panis'sProst.Coulthard was fourth, Schumacher sixth and Häkkinen way down in 14th. The race was no drier, and the entire race was run in wet conditions. Barrichello led for the first few laps until Coulthard passed him, only for theScotto retire with a gearbox failure. Häkkinen quickly charged up to second, only to spin and undo his hard work. Schumacher was now second, and soon passed Barrichello to take the lead. He pulled away, but then suffered an electrical problem, which cost him a lot of time and handed the lead back to Barrichello. Nearing the end of the race, Häkkinen completed his comeback by passing Barrichello to lead, but then both of them, with most other front-runners, had to stop for extra fuel. Frentzen started with a full tank and took the second win of his career, ahead of Häkkinen and Barrichello.
It seemed that normal service resumed inGreat Britain,with Häkkinen on pole ahead of Schumacher and Coulthard. Häkkinen started well, but Schumacher was passed by Coulthard and Irvine. Although the race was suspended, because two cars were stalled on the grid, Schumacher raced down toStowe cornerand tried to retake Irvine's place, when his brakes failed and he was pitched him into thetire barrierat 320 kph (200 mph). Schumacher sustained a broken leg and thus his potential as a Drivers' World Championship contender was cut short. After the restart, Häkkinen pulled away from Irvine and Coulthard and looked set to win until one of his rear wheels suddenly became detached. This led to his retirement and handed the lead to Coulthard, who had jumped Irvine in the stops. Coulthard went on to take a victory on home soil, ahead of Irvine andRalf Schumacher.
With half of the championship complete, Häkkinen led the championship with 40 points. Schumacher was second with 32, but he was expected to miss the rest of the season. Irvine also stood on 32 points and suddenly had to become the new team leader. Frentzen was fourth with 26 and Coulthard was fifth with 22. In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari led with 64, two ahead of McLaren with 62. Jordan were third with 31.
Rounds 9 to 12[edit]
The news before the round inAustriawas thatMika Salowas hired asMichael Schumacher's replacement. The twoMcLarenswere dominant in qualifying per usual:Mika Häkkinenon pole withDavid Coulthardsecond.Eddie Irvinestarted in third and Salo in seventh for his debut withFerrari.Häkkinen got off well, but was tipped into a spin at thesecond cornerby his teammate. He sustained no damage, but was demoted to last place. Coulthard led for most of the race, but Irvine jumped him in the second round ofpit stopsto take the win ahead of theScot.Häkkinen charged back to finish third.
TheGerman GPdid not receive as much anticipation as one[who?]would expect,[according to whom?]as home hero Schumacher was missing, but it did not deter Häkkinen from taking his eighth pole of the season. This time,Heinz-Harald Frentzensplit theMcLarensto start in second place. Häkkinen raced away and Coulthard passed Frentzen, but Salo, starting in fourth, actually got in front of both of them. Coulthard put Salo under pressure and tried to pass, but hit the Ferrari's tire and damaged his front wing, which forced him to pit for repairs. Häkkinen was cruising, but his refuelling equipment malfunctioned during the stops, and the delay pushed him down to fourth. He repassed Frentzen and set off after the Ferraris, only to suffer apunctureand crashed into thewall.Irvine was let through by Salo and took his second consecutive win, with Salo making it a Ferrari 1–2, and Frentzen finished third.
Round eleven took place inHungaryand Häkkinen took pole as usual, with Irvine alongside him and Coulthard third. Häkkinen and Irvine quickly raced away, while Coulthard got passed byGiancarlo Fisichellaand Frentzen. Coulthard jumped both drivers in the stops and then chased after Irvine. TheUlstermancracked under the pressure with eight laps left, by running wide and thus settling for third position. Häkkinen cruised to victory and Coulthard completed McLaren's 1–2.
The field went toBelgiumnext and Häkkinen took his tenth pole of the season, with Coulthard in second and Frentzen third. At the start, Häkkinen got away slowly and opened the door for Coulthard. The McLarens touched, but Coulthard came out on top. He was never headed and eased to victory, with Häkkinen finishing second and Frentzen third. Irvine finished fourth.
With three-quarters of the season complete, Häkkinen led the championship with 60 points, but Irvine with 59 was only 1 point behind him. Coulthard was third with 46, and in with an outside chance. Frentzen was fourth with 40 and Schumacher, not having raced since theBritish GPwas still on 32. In the Constructors' Championship, consecutive 1–2 finishes had given McLaren the lead with 106 points. Ferrari with 97 was only 9 points behind them. Jordan was third with 47.
Rounds 13 to 16[edit]
InItaly,Mika Häkkinentook his eleventh and what would be his lastpole positionof the season, ahead ofHeinz-Harald FrentzenandDavid Coulthard.He led into thefirst cornerand pulled away, helped byAlessandro Zanardi,who got up to second but then held up his rivals. Häkkinen was set to win until he spun off at the first corner on lap 30, handing the lead to Frentzen who went on to win ahead ofRalf Schumacherin theWilliamsandMika Saloin theFerrari.This promoted Frentzen to third place in the championship, at the cost of Coulthard, and his sixth place broughtEddie Irvinelevel with Häkkinen at the top of the standings.
At theEuropean Grand Prix,Frentzen took his second and last career pole, ahead of Coulthard and Häkkinen. After two aborted starts, Frentzen led Häkkinen and Coulthard into the first corner, but at the back of the pack,Damon Hillgot away slow because of an electrical failure. This causedAlexander Wurzto hitPedro Diniz.The Sauber driver rolled upside down and his rollbar failed, but Diniz escaped uninjured. After 15 laps, a slightdrizzlefell and Häkkinen pitted forrain tires.He was the only one and it turned out to be a mistake. He lost a lot of time when he had to pit again fordry tiresand he rejoined a lap down. Irvine had a slow stop of 30 seconds when his team couldn't find the fourth wheel to put on and with half of the race gone, Frentzen was leading Coulthard andRalf Schumacher.Frentzen's race cruelly ended with an electrical failure after his first stop and the new leader Coulthard spun off into retirement when theraintruly arrived. This handed the lead to Ralf until he suffered a puncture and fell back to fifth.Giancarlo Fisichellainherited the lead, but he also spun off and retired, soJohnny Herbertin theStewartgained first place. And on a drying track, he held on to finish ahead ofJarno Trulliin theProstand teammateRubens Barrichello.Marc Genéwas set for an evenly shocking points finish forMinardi,but he suffered agearboxfailure. Häkkinen finished fifth and Irvine sixth, separating them by two points in the championship.
The first everMalaysian GPwas the host of the penultimate round.Michael Schumacherhad recovered and replaced Salo. He took pole ahead of Irvine, with Coulthard and Häkkinen third and fourth. At the start, Schumacher handed the lead to Irvine for the championship and slowed down to keep both McLarens behind. Coulthard finally got in front, only for his car to break down. Schumacher kept Häkkinen behind to complete a Ferrari 1–2 finish, giving Irvine a four-point lead going into the last race. After the race, the Ferrari cars were found to be illegal by an FIA official and were disqualified, which would make Häkkinen the world champion instantly. However, Ferrari won their case of appeal and their results were reinstated. In the Constructors' Championship, Ferrari led with 118 points, in front of McLaren with 114;Jordanwith 58 were a lonely third.
The championship decider took place inJapan.Häkkinen qualified in second, behind Schumacher, while Irvine crashed inqualifyingand was only fifth. Häkkinen took the lead at the start, while Irvine was fourth behindOlivier Panis.Häkkinen and Schumacher got away, while Panis held up the others. At the first round of stops, Irvine got in front of Panis but then had to deal with Coulthard. The Mclaren slowed his pace and held Irvine up to increase the gap to Häkkinen. Irvine was finally released when Coulthard spun off, but was well over a minute behind the lead. Schumacher was within five seconds of Häkkinen, and piled on the pressure, but Häkkinen kept him at bay to win the race.
Reigning champion Häkkinen was awarded the1999 Drivers' Championshipwith 76 points, two points ahead of Irvine. Frentzen was third (54 points), ahead of Coulthard (48 points) and Michael Schumacher (44 points). In theConstructors' Championship,Ferrari beat McLaren by four points. Jordan ended up in third.
Results and standings[edit]
Grands Prix[edit]
Scoring system[edit]
Points were awarded to the top six finishers in each race as follows:[15]
| Position | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Points | 10 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
World Drivers' Championship standings[edit]
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notes:
- † – Driver did not finish the Grand Prix but was classified, as he completed more than 90% of the race distance.
- Where two or more drivers scored the same number of points, their positions in the Drivers' Championship were fixed according to the quality of their places.[16]Under this system, one first place was better than any number of second places, one second place was better than any number of third places, etc.[16]For drivers with 1 point or 0 points, one seventh place was better than any number of eighth places, etc.[16]
World Constructors' Championship standings[edit]
| Pos. | Constructor | No. | AUS
|
BRA
|
SMR
|
MON
|
ESP
|
CAN
|
FRA
|
GBR
|
AUT
|
GER
|
HUN
|
BEL
|
ITA
|
EUR
|
MAL
|
JPN
|
Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ferrari
|
3 | 8F | 2 | 1F | 1 | 3F | RetP | 5 | DNS | 9 | 2 | 12 | 7 | 3 | Ret | 2PF | 2PF | 128 |
| 4 | 1 | 5 | Ret | 2 | 4 | 3F | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 3 | |||
| 2 | McLaren-Mercedes
|
1 | RetP | 1PF | RetP | 3PF | 1P | 1 | 2 | RetPF | 3PF | RetP | 1P | 2PF | RetP | 5F | 3 | 1 | 124 |
| 2 | Ret | Ret | 2 | Ret | 2 | 7 | RetF | 1 | 2 | 5F | 2F | 1 | 5 | Ret | Ret | Ret | |||
| 3 |  Jordan-Mugen-Honda
|
7 | Ret | Ret | 4 | Ret | 7 | Ret | Ret | 5 | 8 | Ret | 6 | 6 | 10 | Ret | Ret | Ret | 61 |
| 8 | 2 | 3† | Ret | 4 | Ret | 11† | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | RetP | 6 | 4 | |||
| 4 | Stewart-Ford
|
16 | 5 | Ret | 3 | 9† | DSQ | Ret | 3P | 8 | Ret | Ret | 5 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 36 |
| 17 | DNS | Ret | 10† | Ret | Ret | 5 | Ret | 12 | 14 | 11† | 11 | Ret | Ret | 1 | 4 | 7 | |||
| 5 | Williams-Supertec
|
5 | Ret | Ret | 11† | 8 | Ret | Ret | Ret | 11 | Ret | Ret | Ret | 8 | 7 | Ret | 10 | Ret | 35 |
| 6 | 3 | 4 | Ret | Ret | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | Ret | 4 | 9 | 5 | 2F | 4 | Ret | 5 | |||
| 6 | Benetton-Playlife
|
9 | 4 | Ret | 5 | 5 | 9 | 2 | Ret | 7 | 12† | Ret | Ret | 11 | Ret | Ret | 11 | 14† | 16 |
| 10 | Ret | 7 | Ret | 6 | 10 | Ret | Ret | 10 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 14 | Ret | Ret | 8 | 10 | |||
| 7 | Prost-Peugeot
|
18 | Ret | 6 | Ret | Ret | Ret | 9 | 8 | 13 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 13 | 11† | 9 | Ret | Ret | 9 |
| 19 | Ret | Ret | Ret | 7 | 6 | Ret | 7 | 9 | 7 | Ret | 8 | 12 | Ret | 2 | DNS | Ret | |||
| 8 |  Sauber-Petronas
|
11 | Ret | Ret | 6 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 14 | Ret | 8 | 16† | 9 | 9 | Ret | 7 | 6 | 5 |
| 12 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 6 | Ret | 6 | 6 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 11 | |||
| 9 | Arrows
|
14 | 6 | Ret | Ret | Ret | 11 | Ret | 11 | Ret | Ret | Ret | 15 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 13 | 1 |
| 15 | 7 | 8 | Ret | Ret | 12 | Ret | DSQ | 16 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | |||
| 10 | Minardi-Ford
|
20 | Ret | Ret | 8 | Ret | Ret | 10 | 10 | Ret | 13 | 10 | 14 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 1 |
| 21 | Ret | 9 | 9 | Ret | Ret | 8 | Ret | 15 | 11 | 9 | 17 | 16 | Ret | 6 | 9 | Ret | |||
| — | BAR-Supertec
|
22 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 15 | 8 | 10† | Ret | 9 | 0 |
| 23 | Ret | DNQ | 7† | Ret | 8 | Ret | 9 | Ret | 15† | Ret | 13 | Ret | Ret | 8 | Ret | 12 | |||
| Pos. | Constructor | No. | AUS
|
BRA
|
SMR
|
MON
|
ESP
|
CAN
|
FRA
|
GBR
|
AUT
|
GER
|
HUN
|
BEL
|
ITA
|
EUR
|
MAL
|
JPN
|
Points |
| Source:[16] | |||||||||||||||||||
Notes:
- † – Driver did not finish the Grand Prix but was classified, as he completed more than 90% of the race distance.
- Where two or more constructors scored the same number of points, their positions in the Constructors' Championship were fixed according to the quality of their places.[16]Under this system, one first place was better than any number of second places, one second place was better than any number of third places, etc.[16]For constructors with 1 point or 0 points, one seventh place was better than any number of eighth places, etc.[16]
References[edit]
- ^"1999 Driver Standings".Formula1.com.Retrieved15 January2024.
- ^"1999 Constructor Standings".Formula1.com.Retrieved15 January2024.
- ^abcDomenjoz, Luc (1999).L'année Formule 1: 1999-2000(in French) (10th ed.). Hurtubis HMH. pp. 22–45.ISBN2-89428-360-1– via Internet Archive.
- ^"Models in 1999".StatsF1.Retrieved6 August2023.
- ^ab"1999 Argentine Grand Prix"(PDF).FIA.com.Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile.25 January 1999. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 16 September 2012.Retrieved28 July2015.
- ^"Formula One Calendar 1999".Motorsport Stats.Retrieved6 August2023.
- ^"Provisional 1999 calendar".www.atlasf1.com.15 October 1998.Retrieved3 May2021.
- ^"Chinese Grand Prix cancelled".BBC Sport.20 December 1998.Retrieved3 May2021.
- ^"Argentine Grand Prix Ruled Out for 1999".tehrantimes.com.24 January 1999.Retrieved3 May2021.
- ^De Groote Steven (23 March 2013)."Wheel rims and tethers".f1technical.net. Retrieved 2016-03-10.
- ^Tanaka, Hiromasa.Transition of Regulation and Technology in Formula One.Honda R&D Technical Review 2009 - F1 Special (The Third Era Activities), 2009, p. 8.
- ^Steven de Grootte (1 January 2009)."F1 rules and stats 1990-1999".F1Technical.Retrieved4 February2024.
- ^"Safety Improvements in F1 since 1963".AtlasF1.Retrieved4 February2024.
- ^"Formula One Results 1999".Motorsport Stats.Retrieved13 June2023.
- ^"1999".ChicaneF1.Retrieved13 June2023.
- ^abcdefgh"1999 FIA Formula One World Championship – Final Classification"(PDF).FIA. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 5 November 2007.Retrieved23 January2016.
External links[edit]
- formula1.com – 1999 official driver standings(archived)
- formula1.com – 1999 official team standings(archived)
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
