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2012 Summer Olympics torch relay

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Host cityLondon,United Kingdom
Countries visitedGreece, United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland
Distance12,800 km (8,000 miles)
Torch bearers8,000
Start date10 May 2012
End date27 July 2012
Torch designerEdward Barber and Jay Osgerby
Olympic rings
Part of a series on
2012 Summer Olympics
Simplified 2012 Summer Olympics torch relay route map. The curve does not follow the actual route but merely shows the progress of the torch through the places labelled as follows:

The2012 Summer Olympics torch relaywas run from 19 May until 27 July, prior to theLondon 2012 Summer Olympics.The torch bearer selection process was announced on 18 May 2011.[1]

As well as touring theUnited Kingdomthe schedule included the threecrown dependenciesofJersey,Guernseyand theIsle of Man,and also theRepublic of Ireland.

Organization

[edit]

The traditional lighting ceremony took place on 10 May at theTemple of Hera, Olympia,home of theAncient Olympic Games.[2]The torch travelled around Greece, arriving at thePanathinaiko StadiuminAthenson 17 May for the handover ceremony.

The UK torch relay lasted 70 days, with 66 evening celebrations. About 8,000 people carried the torch a total distance of about 8,000 miles (12,800 km), starting fromLand's Endin Cornwall. The route was widely reported as designed in such a way as to ensure that the Torch came within 10 miles of 95% of the UK population. A wide range of people carried the torch around the country, mostly sports men and women, military figures and other local heroes from towns and cities across the UK. A number of celebrities also held the flame on its journey, includingMatt Smith,Patrick Stewart,Jamie Oliver,Joanna LumleyandJennifer Saunders(jointly),Rupert Grint,James McAvoy,Melanie CfromSpice Girls,boy bandThe Wanted,dance troupe andBritain's Got TalentwinnersDiversityandSir Bruce Forsyth.[3]The torch had a day outside of the United Kingdom in Dublin on 6 June[4](as well as visits to the Crown Dependencies ofJersey,Guernseyand theIsle of Man). The relay focused on national heritage sites, locations with sporting significance, key sporting events, schools registered with the Get Set School Network, green spaces, biodiversity, 'Live Sites' (locations with large screens), local festivals, and other events.[5]

Following a three-month tour byLOCOG,local authorities submitted ideas to regional government and LOCOG by May 2010.[6]However some counties such as Somerset declined to put forward ideas citing potential costs of up to £300,000.[7]

The start date for the Relay was announced on 26 May 2010, as were the three presenting partners: Coca-Cola, Lloyds TSB and Samsung. The nomination campaign for torchbearers was announced on 18 May 2011 and called 'Moment to Shine'.[8]

Journey to the UK

[edit]
The specially painted British Airways Airbus A319 carried the flame from Greece to the United Kingdom

On 16 May aBritish AirwaysAirbus A319,with custom gold livery and named "The Firefly", flew from Heathrow to Athens to collect the flame.[9]On 18 May the aircraft flew as flight BA2012 from Athens toRNAS Culdrosein Cornwall. The flame was not extinguished during flight, having been classified as a 'ceremonial flame' by theCivil Aviation Authority,but was kept in fourDavy lampssecured in a cradle firmly fixed to seats in Row 1. There was enough smokeless fuel to last 30 hours.[10][11][12]

The Princess Royal,Mayor of LondonBoris Johnson,Lord Coe,andDavid Beckhamwere among 80 invited guests, along with a group of teenagers: rugby player Dennis Coles fromEast Ayrshirerepresenting Scotland, hockey player Chloe Brown fromBangorrepresenting Northern Ireland, athlete Sean White fromSwansearepresenting Wales, hockey player Georgia Higgs fromCornwall,and Sakinah Muhammad fromHackneyrepresenting London.[13][14]

After an overnight stay atRNAS Culdrose,members of771 Naval Air Squadrontook the Flame toLand's EndbySea King helicopter.There theOlympic Cauldronwas lit. Olympic sailing starBen Ainslieran the first leg of the relay.[15]

The Torches

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Main article:London 2012 Olympic Torch
2012 Summer Olympics torch
The Olympic torch on display inCardiff,Wales

In the summer of 2010, the Design Council were commissioned to prepare the design brief and begin the search for a design for the Torch and related relay artifacts. With more than 800 designers interested in the project, a short list of 22 was presented to Locog. 6 were selected to present designs the selection being made a few months later. The winning design came fromBarber Osgerby,led by Edward Barder and Jay Osgerby.

Their design of the 2012 Olympic Torches was made of two aluminium alloy skin, perforated by 8,000 holes to represent the 8,000 torchbearers who would carry the flame. Technically the holes also helped to dissipate heat without it being conducted down the handle, and provided extra grip.

The triangular shape of torches represented:

The gold of the torches represented the qualities of the Olympic flame – brightness and warmth. The torch stands 80 centimetres (31 in) high, weighing 800 grams (1.8 lb).[16]To realise this award-winning design, TECOSIM (an engineering company) was responsible for the research, engineering and technical development of the torch and associated relay items including the celebration cauldrons. Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) was used to simulate various scenarios that the torch might encounter during the relay, from environmental conditions to physical damage. Torch bearer safety was of prime importance at all times, so TECOSIM completed rigorous physical testing to validate the design. It was tested to withstand all likely weather conditions, from high winds to rain and snow at altitude utilizing the BMW Climatic Windtunnel in Munich as well as in field-testing. Production of the torches started towards the end of 2011.

Fuel

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LOCOG, together with sustainability partner and sponsorEDF Energy,committed in 2009 to provide a "low-carbon fuel solution for the flames of the Olympic torch and the cauldron".[17]When the torch was unveiled on 8 June 2011, London 2012's chairmanSebastian Coeadmitted the failure of the initiative, as "In simple terms, we didn't quite get there... We just ran [out] of time and we tried very hard to do it". The final design of the torch used a "tried and tested formula" of butane and propane.[18]

Turnout

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Around 3,000 people were said to have been at Land's End to send the Torch on its way on Day 1, while Day 2 saw police deliberately limit crowds at the Shaldon Bridge at Teignmouth, Devon, to around 7,000, while the various stages through Plymouth were said to have attracted 55,000.[19]Photographs similarly show crowds up to 10 deep on each side of the road in central Falmouth (Day 1). Arriving in Wales for the first time on Day 8, the torch was reported as being greeted by 25,000 in Caerphilly. Numbers lining the route in no way abated as the days passed, with Bowness by Lake Windermere, for example, mustering 5,000 on Day 34; Skegness, Lincolnshire (a town of less than 20,000 people) featuring 5-deep crowds along both sides of its streets on Day 40; and Maidstone on Day 62 playing host to an estimated 40,000-strong crowd. As the relay reached London, the numbers of people turning out were still more exceptional, with much of Oxford Street featuring crowds 13-deep on both sides (on Day 69). That day ended with a 60,000-strong crowd for the evening events in Hyde Park. The Police Service gave an estimate for the UK as a whole of some 12 million people lining the route for the torch.

Controversy

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In early June, as the torch relay entered its third week, it was revealed that many of those selected to carry torches on the relay were corporate executives with commercial ties to Olympic sponsors.[20][21]

Security

[edit]
The torch relay crossingMonnow Bridge,Monmouth,Wales,the Torch Security Team are seen jogging either side the torch bearer.

The torch was escorted by a team of trained officers from theMetropolitan Police Serviceknown as the Torch Security Team. These were chosen from 644 initial applications through an eight-month selection process. Their primary role was to protect the Olympic and Paralympic Flames as well as ensuring the safety of the torchbearer. These "runners" formed part of a wider torch security team which consisted of motorcyclists, pedal cyclists, senior officers and operational planners.

Incidents

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NearLand's End,one man broke past the pace car but was swiftly tackled to the ground by the Torch Security Team, as he was thought to be trying to reach the torchbearer.[22]

InDerry,Northern Ireland,scuffles broke out between police and republican protesters, as they blocked the planned route near theGuildhall.Consequently, the relay was forced to divert in order to reach thePeace Bridge.[23]

AtBishop AucklandinCounty Durham,the torchbearer was Kieran Maxwell, a 13-year-old fromNewton Aycliffe.He had been diagnosed withEwing's sarcomain 2010 and lost part of his left leg. He fell whilst carrying the torch but was quickly helped to his feet by the Torch Security Team.[24]

As the torch was leavingHeadingleytowardsLeeds,a man with a bucket of water was seen in the crowd. He was swiftly tackled by the security team before he could empty the contents.[25]

On 25 JuneUK Uncutstaged protests against changes to theNational Health Serviceas the torch travelled past theRoyal Hallamshire HospitalinSheffield.[26]

A malestreakerwith 'Free Tibet' written on his back was arrested on 10 July, after running in front of the torch as it passed throughHenley-on-Thames.[27][28]

A 17-year-old was arrested on 20 July inGravesend, Kentafter unsuccessfully attempting to grab the torch while screaming 'Allahu Akbar'.[29]

Modes of transport

[edit]

As well as road runners, the Flame was conveyed on other modes of transport, sometimes kept inDavy lamps.

The Olympic torch beingpunteddown theRiver Camduring the Cambridge leg of the 2012 Summer Olympics torch relay.

On water, the torch rode in apower boatinBristol Harbour,[30][31]in anRNLI lifeboatalong theMenai Strait,[32]by ferry on theMersey Ferry,[33]and by thesteamboatMVTernacrossWindermere.[34][35]In unpowered watercraft, it waspuntedalong theRiver Camin Cambridge,[36]androwedalong theRiver MedwayinMaidstone.[37]Its final journey to the Olympic Stadium on 27 July was by speedboat, piloted by footballerDavid Beckhamalong the River Thames.[38]

Over rail the torch was hauled bysteam locomotivesof various gauges. TheLMS Royal Scot ClasslocomotiveNo. 6115Scots Guardsmanconveyed it on theEast Coast Main LinebetweenYorkandThirsk.[39]Scots Guardsmanwas used as a substitute forNo. 4472Flying Scotsman.It was discovered soon after returning from a long overhaul thatFlying Scotsmanhad many unnoticed cracks on it that needed repairing urgently and as a result, the iconic and famous 'Scotsman' was unable to return to service in time to haul the Olympic Torch.[40] Trips were also taken on standard gauge heritage railways at theGreat Central Railway,[41]North Yorkshire Moors Railway[42]andSevern Valley Railway[43]On smaller gauges the torch visited theFfestiniog Railway[32]and a miniature railwayCleethorpes Coast Light Railway.[44]It was taken upfunicularrailways theAberystwyth Cliff Railway,[32]HastingsEast Hill Cliff Railway,[45]andGreat Orme Tramway,[34]as well as the narrow gaugerack railwaytheSnowdon Mountain Railway.[32]Electric trams carried the torch on theBlackpool tramway[46]andManx Electric Railway.[47]After it arrived in London the torch took a trip on theLondon UndergroundbetweenWimbledonandWimbledon Park.[48]

By road, the torch would complete 80% of its tour, in asecurity van.Aroad trainwas used in theMumbles[32]and it rode on anopen top busthrough theCumbriancountryside.[49]The torch was transported on three wheels by aTT motorcycle sidecaron theIsle of Man,[47]by aParalympicroad cycle aroundBrands Hatchmotor racing circuit[50]and bymountain bikeat theHadleigh Farmcourse in Essex.[51]

Horses were used when the torch was carried at theCheltenhamandChester[34]racecourses. It was carried on aCob horseinAberaeron[32]and hauled by horse-drawn tram on theDouglas Bay Horse Tramway.[34]

Journeys by air were taken when the torch travelled byzip wirefrom the top of theTyne Bridgeto theGatesheadriverside[needs update],[52]and when conveyed bycable carup theHeights of Abraham.[53]It was also suspended over water as it was transported by theMiddlesbrough Transporter Bridgeover theRiver Tees.[54]

Route in Greece

[edit]
Olympic Torch Relay in Greece
Day 3 Patra Ceremony
Date[55]
May 10
May 11
May 12
May 13
May 14
May 15
May 16
May 17

Route in the UK and Ireland

[edit]
Day 1: Olympic Torch Relay leavesLand's End.
Day 3: Olympic Torch Relay reaches the County Ground inTaunton.
Day 14: The flame passing between two torches inBurscough,Lancashire.
Day 15: The torch being carried throughOnchan,Isle of Man.
Day 19: The torch in Dublin, Ireland.
Day 37: Torch relay handover inOldham,Greater Manchester.
Day 46: A warning sign for traffic inStamford, Lincolnshireahead of the flame passing through the town
Day 50: The Olympic flame being transferred into a lantern inCambridgefor safe-keeping overnight.
Day 54: Fundraiser Damien Davis from Cricklade carries the Olympic Flame through Ludgershall in Wiltshire.
Day 66: Lucy Caslon founder and director of the charityMsizi Africawaits to receive the Olympic Flame inSutton,South London
Day 68: Gold medalistBeckie Scottbeing handed the torch inBrent,North West London.
In the week preceding the Olympics, theNational Theatrein London set up a 'Fire Garden' to celebrate the torch relay.
Date[56] Map
19 May (day 1): Land's End to Plymouth
20 May (day 2): Plymouth to Exeter
21 May (day 3): Exeter to Taunton
22 May (day 4): Taunton to Bristol
23 May (day 5): Bristol to Cheltenham
24 May (day 6): Gloucester to Worcester
25 May (day 7): Worcester to Cardiff
26 May (day 8): Cardiff to Swansea
27 May (day 9): Swansea to Aberystwyth
28 May (day 10): Aberystwyth to Bangor
29 May (day 11): Beaumaris to Chester
30 May (day 12): Chester to Stoke-on-Trent
31 May (day 13): Stoke-on-Trent to Bolton
1 June (day 14): Bolton to Liverpool
2 June (day 15): Liverpool to Castletown
3 June (day 16): Belfast to Portrush
4 June (day 17): River Bann to Derry
5 June (day 18): Derry to Newry
6 June (day 19): Dublin to Belfast
7 June (day 20): Newcastle to Moorfields
8 June (day 21): Stranraer to Glasgow
9 June (day 22): Glasgow to Inverness
10 June (day 23): Kirkwall to Lerwick
11 June (day 24): Stornoway to Aberdeen
12 June (day 25): Aberdeen to Dundee
13 June (day 26): St Andrews to Edinburgh
14 June (day 27): Edinburgh to Alnwick
15 June (day 28): Alnwick to Newcastle upon Tyne
16 June (day 29): Gateshead to Durham
17 June (day 30): Durham to Middlesbrough
18 June (day 31): Middlesbrough to Hull
19 June (day 32): Hull to York
20 June (day 33): York to Carlisle
21 June (day 34): Dumfries to Bowness-on-Windermere
22 June (day 35): Kendal to Blackpool
23 June (day 36): Lytham St Annes to Manchester
24 June (day 37): Salford to Leeds[57]
25 June (day 38): Leeds to Sheffield
26 June (day 39): Sheffield to Cleethorpes
27 June (day 40): Grimsby to Lincoln
28 June (day 41): Lincoln to Nottingham
29 June (day 42): Nottingham to Derby
30 June (day 43): Derby to Birmingham
1 July (day 44): Birmingham to Coventry
2 July (day 45): Coventry to Leicester
3 July (day 46): Leicester to Peterborough
4 July (day 47): Peterborough to Norwich
5 July (day 48): Norwich to Ipswich
6 July (day 49): Ipswich to Chelmsford
7 July (day 50): Chelmsford to Cambridge
8 July (day 51): Cambridge to Luton
9 July (day 52): Luton to Oxford
10 July (day 53): Oxford to Reading
11 July (day 54): Reading to Salisbury
12 July (day 55): Salisbury to Weymouth
13 July (day 56): Portland Bill to Bournemouth
14 July (day 57): Bournemouth to Southampton
15 July (day 58): Southampton to Portsmouth
16 July (day 59): Portsmouth to Brighton and Hove
17 July (day 60): Brighton and Hove to Hastings
18 July (day 61): Hastings to Dover
19 July (day 62): Deal to Maidstone
20 July (day 63): Maidstone to Guildford
21 July (day 64): Greenwich to Waltham Forest
22 July (day 65): Redbridge to Bexley
23 July (day 66): Lewisham to Wandsworth
24 July (day 67): Kingston to Ealing
25 July (day 68): Harrow to Haringey
26 July (day 69): Camden to Westminster
27 July (day 70): Hampton Court Palace to Olympic Park

End of relay

[edit]

The end of the relay took place in the2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony.

The torch arrived aboard a speedboat piloted byDavid Beckham,via theLimehouse Cut.Steve Redgravereceived the flame from young footballerJade Bailey,[58][59]the torchbearer on the boat, and carried it into theOlympic Stadium.[38]Then Redgrave handed the torch to the seven young athletes, each one nominated by an athlete. The athletes then each applied their torch to one of the 204 petals, which then lit and converged to create thecauldron,which was designed byThomas Heatherwick.

See also

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References

[edit]
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  2. ^"London 2012 Olympic Flame is lit in Greece".LOCOG.Archived fromthe originalon 10 May 2012.Retrieved11 May2012.
  3. ^"London 2012 Olympic torch relay route revealed".BBC News.18 May 2011.Archivedfrom the original on 18 May 2011.Retrieved18 May2011.
  4. ^"Dublin to host Olympic Torch'".Irish Times.8 December 2011. Archived fromthe originalon 8 September 2012.Retrieved9 January2012.
  5. ^"London Culture and 2012 Open Meeting"(PDF).london.gov.uk. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 30 October 2012.Retrieved19 May2011.
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  9. ^Athens Airport Aviation News16 May 2012.
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  13. ^David Beckham to collect Olympic flame,BBC News, 16 May 2012.
  14. ^Clapton collects Olympic FlameArchived2012-08-28 at theWayback Machine
  15. ^Naval fliers to get the Olympic flame going on its epic journeyArchived2014-03-16 at theWayback Machine(Navy News)
  16. ^Olympic Torch Relay... The TorchArchived2012-05-01 at theWayback Machine
  17. ^"London 2012 Sustainability Plan 2nd Edition, December 2009"(PDF).London 2012. 2 December 2009. Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 1 May 2012.Retrieved6 August2012.
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[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to2012 Summer Olympics torches and torch relay.
External videos
video iconLondon 2012 Olympic Torch Relay - Olympia Lighting CeremonyonYouTube
video iconLondon Receives The Olympic Flame - Handover CeremonyonYouTube
video iconOlympic Cauldron is lit for London 2012onYouTube
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