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"Toronto 2015" redirects here. For the Parapan American Games, see2015 Parapan American Games.

XVII Pan American Games
A stylized person with agreen torso and red head with the number 20 on the body, a stylized blue ball with a 15 on it beside the person, PanAm Toronto 2015 written to the left of scene
Logo of the 2015 Pan American Games
HostToronto,Canada
MottoUnited We Play
Nations41
Athletes6,123
Events364 in 36sports
OpeningJuly 10
ClosingJuly 26
Opened byGovernor GeneralDavid Johnston
Cauldron lighterSteve Nash
Main venuePan Am Dome
Pan American Sports Organization Flag
Part of a series on the
2015 Pan American Games

The2015 Pan American Games(French:Jeux Panaméricains de 2015), officially theXVII Pan American Gamesand commonly known as theToronto 2015 Pan-Am Games(French:Jeux panaméricains de 2015 à Toronto), were a major internationalmulti-sport eventcelebrated in the tradition of thePan American Games,as governed byPan American Sports Organization(PASO). The games were held from July 10 to 26, 2015 inToronto,Ontario,Canada; preliminary rounds in certain events began on July 7, 2015. These were the third Pan American Games hosted by Canada, and the first in the province of Ontario. The Games were held at venues in Toronto and 17 otherGolden Horseshoecommunities.[1]The Pan American Games and2015 Parapan American Gameswere organized by theToronto Organizing Committee for the 2015 Pan and Parapan American Games(TO2015).

The Games hosted 6,123 athletes and 3,396 team officials representing 41National Olympic Committees(NOCs) in the Americas, marking the largest multi-sport event hosted in Canada, in terms of athletes competing.[2][3]A record of 46 percent of competitors were women, the most ever for any multi-sport event.[4]364 events were contested in 36 sports, which included the 28 sports contested at the2016 Summer Olympicsin Rio de Janeiro; certain sports also served as qualification paths for these Olympics.Canoe slalomandgolfmade their Pan American Games debut, as well as women's competitions inbaseball,canoeingandrugby sevens.

In 2019, the organizing committee reported that the games came in under budget by $38 million and left a strong legacy for the region with a legacy fund of over $60 million to maintain these structures for a twenty-year period after the Games were held (i.e., until 2035).[5]

Toronto 2015 was largely seen as a precursor for a Toronto bid for the2024 Summer Olympics,which never materialized (Pariswould host the 2024 Summer Olympics instead).[6]This would have been Toronto's sixth attempt at an Olympic bid.[7]

Bidding process[edit]

Main article:Bids for the 2015 Pan American Games
Toronto was selected by theCanadian Olympic Committeeas the official bid city from Canada for the 2015 Pan American Games

TheCanadian Olympic Committee(COC) originally expressed interest in bidding for the games in November 2007.[8]In April 2008, after discussions with all three levels of government, the COC chose to support Toronto and the surrounding region as the Canadian candidate.[8]No other Canadian city was given a chance to bid in a domestic race, and thus Toronto was selected without a vote.[9]Toronto's interest in bidding came after failing to land the1996 Summer Olympicsand the2008 Summer Olympics,which were held inAtlantaandBeijing,respectively, instead.

On February 23, 2009,Toronto City CouncilandHamilton City Councilapproved the bid and confirmed their intentions to support the successful hosting of the event.[10]The official bid book document was submitted to the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO) on May 27, 2009.[11]

PASO made an evaluation visit to Toronto between August 30 and 31, 2009. The team analysed the candidate city features and provided its feedback back to voting members of PASO. The evaluation committee was headed byJulio Maglione,a member of the IOC representing Uruguay and the head of Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), the international swimming federation, later renamedWorld Aquaticsin 2023. After the visit, Maglione said, "Toronto has all the conditions to play host to the Pan American Games."[12]

Host city election[edit]

Toronto won the bidding process to host the Pan and Parapan American Games by a vote of the Pan American Sports Organization on November 6, 2009, at the PASO Session held inGuadalajara,Mexico. The result was announced by PASO PresidentMario Vázquez Raña.[13]Toronto faced two other finalists shortlistedLima,Peru (which later won the rights to host the2019 Pan American Games), andBogotá,Colombia. Toronto earned 33 votes, while contesting candidate cities Lima and Bogotá received 11 and 7 votes, respectively.[14]Then-Mayor of TorontoRob FordandCanadian Minister of SportBal Gosalreceived thePan American Sports Organization flagduring theclosing ceremonyof the2011 Pan American Gamesin Guadalajara.[15]

2015 Pan American Games bidding results
City NOC Round 1
Toronto Canada 33
Lima Peru 11
Bogotá Colombia 7

Development and preparation[edit]

Venues[edit]

Main article:Venues of the 2015 Pan American and Parapan American Games
Rogers Centre(temporarily renamed Pan Am Dome for the duration of the Games) hosted the opening and closing ceremonies
BMO Field(temporarily renamed Exhibition Stadium for the duration of the Games) staged therugby sevens competition
TheRicoh Coliseum(Toronto Coliseum), in Toronto, was the venue for thegymnastics competitions

The 2015 Pan American Games used a mixture of new venues and existing and temporary facilities, some of them in well-known locations such asExhibition Place.After the Games, some of the new facilities will be reused in their games time form, while others will be resized. A total of 30 competition venues across 14 municipalities were used for competition. Ten of these venues were newly built, while fifteen were renovated to stage the games.[16]

Toronto was one of the most populous cities in history to hold the Pan American Games. In July, Toronto has an average mean temperature of 22.3 °C (72.1 °F) and afternoon maximum average of 26.6 °C (79.9 °F) The average humidity is 74 percent, and the city (downtown area) averages five days with the temperature exceeding 30 °C (86 °F) and about 65 millimetres (2.6 in) of precipitation, mostly brief periods of showers and sometimes thunderstorms. Toronto's elevation is112 m (367 ft5+1⁄2in) above sea level on average, thoughthe city has many steep hills and deep ravines,the largest ravine system of any city in the world.[17]

In January 2012, theToronto Organizing Committee for the 2015 Pan and Parapan American Games(TO2015) announced that sixty percent of the venues that had been proposed would be dropped in favour of a clustering system seen at other multi-sport events such as the2012 Summer OlympicsinLondon.[18]

The opening and closing ceremonies were held atRogers Centre(renamed "Pan Am Dome" due tosponsorship rules). Some of the competition venues in the Toronto area includedBMO Field(renamed "Exhibition Stadium" due to sponsorship rules), thePan Am/Parapan Am Fields,theEnercare Centreand theToronto Pan Am Sports Centre,while the road cycling and marathon events includeHigh Parkwest ofExhibition Place.[16][19]Competition venues outside Toronto city limits includedTim Hortons FieldinHamilton,Hershey Centre,Markham Pan Am CentreinMarkham,theGM CentreinOshawa,and theRoyal Canadian Henley Rowing CourseinSt. Catharines.[16]

Financing[edit]

The Toronto 2015 Organizing Committee and three jurisdictions of government were to spend aboutCA$672million in upgrading and building new venues in the region.[20]An additionalCA$760million was to be spent in operating expenses such as venue management and marketing.[20]TheCanadian federal governmentwas expected to provideCA$500million in funding for the games, while the City of Toronto's contribution was to beCA$86million. Other municipalities which are hosting sporting events were to coverCA$205million of the costs. All remaining costs were covered by theGovernment of Ontario.Revenue from the games were expected to cover ten percent of the cost to stage the games.[21]The organizing committee expected to generateCA$172million in revenue. In addition,CA$709million was to be spent on building anathletes' villagein theWest Don Landsarea of Toronto. A furtherCA$239million was budgeted on security, while transportation costs were aroundCA$90million.[22]In 2014, the Ontario government provided an additionalCA$74million to expand the torch relay, provide additional live broadcasting of events and other features.[21]Therefore, the total spent was expected to beCA$2.57billion, the highest-ever cost of a single Pan Am Games.[21]

In 2016, Ontario auditor-generalBonnie Lysykissued a report suggesting that the games were over-budget byCA$342million.[23]However, in 2019, the organizing committee found that the games were actuallyCA$38million under budget, and left a legacy of $60 million to continue to maintain the buildings and facilities built for the games.[5]

Infrastructure[edit]

See also:Pan Am Path

TheUnion Pearson Express,anairport rail linkfromToronto Pearson International AirporttoUnion Station,started full-time service on June 6, 2015.[24]The games created a deadline for a project that had been stalled for years.[25]In addition, a newGO Transittrain station in Hamilton atJames Street Northopened in time for the games.[26]

In October 2013, an expansion of the Pan Am site was announced to help complete 250 kilometres (160 mi) in gaps in Ontario'sTrans Canada Trailand connect communities from Ottawa toWindsorandFort ErietoHuntsvillein time for the games. Connections to theWaterfront Trailwere expected to be expanded and complete gaps in the trail. Premier of OntarioKathleen Wynneannounced "The province is investing more thanCA$3.5million in Pan Am/Parapan Am Trails to help create a continuous trail of more than 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi). "[27]

Athletes' Village[edit]

The2015 Pan American Games Athletes' Villagein January 2015
Main article:2015 Pan American Games Athletes' Village

The Athlete's village cost $735 millionCADand had the capacity to hold up to 7,200 athletes and officials.[28]After the games, the village was converted to 746 market-priced condos, 41 market-priced town homes, 250 affordable-rent apartments, 257 student dormitory units forGeorge Brown College,office and retail units, and aYMCArecreation centre. The Athlete's Village was located in theWest Don Landsalong Front Street between Bayview Avenue and Cherry Street in Toronto. The development was certifiedLEEDGold.[29]Five satellite villages (all hotels and university residences) were also used to house athletes that were competing in venues far from the main village.[28]

Satellite villages[edit]

Village Location Sports
Horseshoe Resort Oro-Medonte Cycling(mountain biking)
Pinestone Resort Dysart et al(Haliburton) Canoeing(slalom)
Nottawasaga Inn New Tecumseth(Alliston) Equestrian
Shooting
McMaster University Hamilton Football
Brock University St. Catharines Canoeing(sprint)
Rowing

Volunteers[edit]

The organization committee expected 23,000 volunteers to be required for Pan Am and Parapan Am Games.[30]Over 63,000 applicants applied to become a volunteer.[31]A total of 16,146 volunteers participated as part of the Games.[32]

Ticketing[edit]

Countdown clock inNathan Phillips Square

Ticket sales began on September 15, 2014 for high-demand events such as the ceremonies, via a lottery. Purchasers would find out if they received tickets in November 2014.[33]General sales of tickets began on December 8, 2014.[34]The Games had 1.4 million tickets[28]for sale, with over 75 percent of them priced underCA$45.[35]A special report from the Office of theAuditor General of Ontarioconcluded that "TO2015 eventually sold over 1.1 million of the 1.4 million available tickets—over 1 million for the Pan Am Games (85 percent of the total available) and 89,000 for the Parapan American Games (49 percent of the total available)."[36]

Countdown[edit]

The one-year countdown took place inNathan Phillips Squarein Downtown Toronto on July 10, 2014, in which a countdown clock was unveiled. ACirque du Soleilperformance was also held there.[37]

Gold medal
Silver medal
Bronze medal

Medals[edit]

In October 2013, it was announced that the medals for the games would be produced and designed by theRoyal Canadian Mint.[38]In September 2014, it was announced that the supplier of the raw minerals used in the medals (over 4,000 in total) would be Toronto-basedBarrick Gold.All the materials used in the medals will come from the company's operations in thePan Americanregion.[39]The copper was mined at the company's Zaldivar mine in Chile, the silver at thePueblo Viejo minein the Dominican Republic and the gold was mined at the Hemlo mine innorthwestern Ontarioin theUnorganized Thunder Bay DistrictnearThunder Bay.[40]

The designs of the medals were revealed on March 3, 2015 at a ceremony at theRoyal Ontario Museum.[41]The design of the medals for the first time in an international able-bodiedmulti-sport eventincludedbraille.The medals are roughly 86.7 millimetres (3.41 in) in diameter and weigh about 350 grams (12 oz).[42]The artist of the medals isChristi Belcourt,aMétisvisual artist and author. There are three shapes on the front of the medal representing North America, Central America and the Caribbean, and South America, the three regions that competed at the games, while also giving a feel and texture of the medal podium. The back of the medal represents the logo and motto of the games and the design also includes elements and techniques ofmokume-ganethat gives the medals the appearance of having wood grain.[43][44]

Torch relay[edit]

A torchbearer during the relay
Main article:2015 Pan American Games torch relay

An application period for Canadians to carry the torch opened in October 2014 and continued until December. Anyone aged 13 years or older as of May 30, 2015 was eligible to become a torchbearer. Most of the torchbearers were selected by a random selection, while the others were selected by torch relay communities and games partners.[45]

The torch took a 41-day journey after being lit in May 2015 at thepyramidsofTeotihuacan,Mexico State north ofMexico City.The torch was brought through a total of 130 communities, mostly in Ontario (with five outside the province:Richmond,Winnipeg,Calgary,HalifaxandMontreal). The torch was carried by about 3,000 torchbearers and travelled approximately 20,000 kilometres (12,000 mi).[46]The relay began on May 30, 2015 in Toronto and finished on July 10, the date of the opening ceremony.[47]

The detailed torch relay route and celebration sites were announced on February 24, 2015.[46]The torch arrived in Toronto and then headed to Thunder Bay before visiting all other communities on the route. The relay also visited fiveNational Historic Sites of Canada,sixCanadian Forces basesandone provincial park.There were 180 celebrations across the torch relay route.[48][49]

The Games[edit]

Opening ceremony[edit]

Main article:2015 Pan American Games opening ceremony
The 2015 Toronto Pan American Games Cauldron located next to thePan Am Dome

The opening ceremony of the 2015 Pan American Games took place on Friday, July 10, 2015, beginning at 8:00 p.m.EDTat Rogers Centre.[50]The opening ceremony was produced and directed byCirque du Soleil.[51]The production became the largest event produced by the company.[52]

Governor GeneralDavid Johnstonofficially opened the games.[53]Meanwhile, basketball playerSteve Nashwas the person who lit the cauldron. Nash ran outside the stadium at the end of the ceremony, where he ignited a bowl, which transferred the fire to the official cauldron. The ceremony concluded with a fireworks display shot off theCN Tower,and all the performers back on stage to celebrate.[54]

Closing ceremony[edit]

Main article:2015 Pan American Games closing ceremony

The closing ceremony took place on Sunday July 26, 2015, beginning at 8:00 p.m.EDTat Rogers Centre.[50]The closing ceremony was produced and directed jointly by B5C Productions, BaAM Productions and FiveCurrents,[55]in association withLive Nation.[56]It featured cultural presentations and the formal handover toLima,host of the 2019 Pan American Games.[57]The ceremony featured a closing concert headlined by American rapper and music producerKanye West,joined byPitbull,and Canadian musicianSerena Ryder.[58][59]

The choice of West as a headliner was criticized by MayorJohn Toryand other residents, who argued that it should have been headlined by a Canadian musician.[58][59]

Participating nations[edit]

All 41 nations of PASO competed, one fewer than in the2011 Pan American Games,as theNetherlands Antilles Olympic Committeewas dissolved in 2011.[60]

Participating countries.
ParticipatingNational Olympic Committees

Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee[edit]

Sports[edit]

The lead pack in the 2015 Pan American Games women's marathon

A total of 36sports,51 disciplines and 364 medal events were contested in these Games.[61]A record 19 sports were direct or indirect (such as opportunities to gain qualification times) qualifiers for the2016 Summer OlympicsinRio de Janeiro.[4]

Basque pelotawas the only sport dropped from thelast games.[62]Golf also made its Pan American Games debut, ahead of itsreintroductionat Rio 2016.[62]Canoe slalom,the only Olympic discipline never to have been held at the Games, also made its debut, meaning for the first time the entireOlympic sports programwas contested.[62][63]Furthermore, both canoe disciplines had C-1 events for women for the first time.[63]Women's baseball and women's rugby sevens also made their debuts, with men's softball returning to the program, after last being contested in2003.[64][65][66]

Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events to be contested in each sport/discipline.

Calendar[edit]

Main article:Chronological summary of the 2015 Pan American Games

In the following calendar of events, each blue box represents an event competition, such as a qualification round, on that day. The yellow boxes represent days during which medal-awarding finals for a sport were held. The number in each box represents the number of finals that were contested on that day. Events began three days before the opening ceremony on July 7 and ended with the closing ceremony on July 26.[67][68]

OC Opening ceremony ● Event competitions 1 Event finals CC Closing ceremony
July 7
Tue 		8
Wed 		9
Thu 		10
Fri 		11
Sat 		12
Sun 		13
Mon 		14
Tue 		15
Wed 		16
Thu 		17
Fri 		18
Sat 		19
Sun 		20
Mon 		21
Tue 		22
Wed 		23
Thu 		24
Fri 		25
Sat 		26
Sun 		Events
Ceremonies (opening/closing) OC CC —
Aquatics
Diving ● 2 2 4 8
Open water swimming 1 1 2
Swimming 6 7 5 8 6 32
Synchronized swimming ● 2 2
Water polo ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Archery ● ● ● 2 2 4
Athletics 1 2 9 8 8 10 8 1 47
Badminton ● ● ● ● 2 3 5
Baseball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 2
Basketball ● ● ● ● 1 ● ● ● ● 1 2
Beach volleyball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 2 2
Bowling ● 2 ● 2 4
Boxing ● ● ● ● ● ● 6 7 13
Canoeing Slalom ● 5 5
Sprint 1 1 5 6 13
Cycling BMX ● 2 2
Mountain biking 2 2
Road 2 2 4
Track 3 2 2 3 10
Equestrian Dressage ● 1 1 2
Eventing ● ● 2 2
Jumping ● 1 1 2
Fencing 2 2 2 2 2 2 12
Field hockey ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Football ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Golf ● ● ● 3 3
Gymnastics Artistic 1 1 2 5 5 14
Rhythmic ● 2 3 3 8
Trampoline ● 2 2
Handball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Judo 3 3 4 4 14
Karate 3 3 4 10
Modern pentathlon 1 1 2
Racquetball ● ● ● ● ● 4 ● 2 6
Roller sports ● 4 4 8
Rowing ● ● 4 5 5 14
Rugby sevens ● 2 2
Sailing ● ● ● ● ● ● 5 5 10
Shooting 2 3 1 2 1 2 2 2 15
Softball ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 2
Squash ● ● 2 2 ● ● 2 6
Table tennis ● ● 2 ● ● ● 2 4
Taekwondo 2 2 2 2 8
Tennis ● ● ● ● ● 3 2 5
Triathlon 1 1 2
Volleyball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Water skiing ● ● 3 6 9
Weightlifting 3 3 3 3 3 15
Wrestling 4 5 5 4 18
Total events 16 23 31 34 32 19 21 26 31 8 17 17 22 27 33 7 364
Cumulative total 16 39 70 104 136 155 176 202 233 241 258 275 297 324 357 364 —
July 7
Tue		 8
Wed		 9
Thu		 10
Fri		 11
Sat		 12
Sun		 13
Mon		 14
Tue		 15
Wed		 16
Thu		 17
Fri		 18
Sat		 19
Sun		 20
Mon		 21
Tue		 22
Wed		 23
Thu		 24
Fri		 25
Sat		 26
Sun		 Events

Medal table[edit]

Main article:2015 Pan American Games medal table
Justina Di Stasio,of Canada,wrestlingsilver medalist

TheUnited Stateswon the most medals with a total of 265.Canada,the host country, won 219 medals. Other notable mentions includeSaint Luciawinning its first Pan American gold medal.[69]

Key

*Host nation (Canada)

RankNOCGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1United States1038280265
2Canada*787071219
3Brazil423960141
4Cuba36273497
5Colombia27143172
6Mexico22304395
7Argentina15293074
8Venezuela8222050
9Ecuador791632
10Guatemala61310
11–31Remaining NOCs223969130
Totals (31 entries)3663624571185

Anti-doping[edit]

Athletes disqualified for doping
Athlete Nation Sport Prohibited substance Note
Stephanie Bragayrac Paraguay Wrestling Furosemide [70][71]
María Luisa Calle Colombia Cycling – Road and track GHRP2 [71][72]
Astrid Camposeco Guatemala Weightlifting Clenbuterol,boldenone [73][74]
Mario Mercedes Castillo Dominican Republic Baseball Dimethylbutylamine [71][75]
Cinthya Domínguez Mexico Weightlifting Oxandrolone [71][73][75]
Mauricio Fiol Peru Swimming –200-metre butterfly2nd place, silver medalist(s) Stanozolol [71][73]
Nelson Gomez Puerto Rico Baseball Boldenone [71][73][75]
Jesús González Venezuela Weightlifting Not disclosed [76]
Christopher Guajardo Chile Athletics – Marathon EPO [77][78]
Elverine Jimenez Nicaragua Wrestling DHEA [70][71]
Patrick Mendes Brazil Weightlifting 4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone [71][73][79]
Sheila Ocasio Puerto Rico Volleyball Stanozolol [80]
Javier Jesus Ortiz Angulo Colombia Baseball Stanozolol [71][75]
Carlos Oyarzun Chile Cycling – Road FG-4592 [71][81]
María Pastuña Ecuador Athletics – 10,000 metres, 5,000 metres Nandrolone [82][83]
Richard Peralta Robledo Panama Football Clostebol [82][83]
Rene Silva Rios Nicaragua Wrestling Boldenone [71]
Gladys Tejeda Peru Athletics –Marathon1st place, gold medalist(s) Furosemide [84][85]
Luz Vázquez Argentina Wrestling –Freestyle 69 kg3rd place, bronze medalist(s) Unspecified hormone and metabolic modulator [71][81]
Merin Zalazar Honduras Boxing Furosemide [70][71]

Media[edit]

Accreditation[edit]

A total of 1,232 media personnel were accredited with covering the games, including broadcast, press and photographers.[32]

Broadcasting[edit]

Main article:List of 2015 Pan and Parapan American Games broadcasters
Enercare Centre(Exhibition Centre) inExhibitionPlace hosted broadcasting facilities for the Games.

TheCanadian Broadcasting Corporation(CBC) served as the host and domestic broadcaster of the 2015 Pan American Games; locally, coverage was broadcast in the English andFrench languagesbyCBC TelevisionandIci Radio-Canada Télé,and CBC's website carried 650 hours of online coverage.[86][87]Pay television rights were sub-licensed toSportsnet,which aired thefootball (soccer)tournaments, and a semi-final of the Men's basketball tournament that involved Canada.[88]Spanish languagerights were sub-licensed toTelelatinoandUnivision Canada;the broadcaster collaborated with US Spanish-language rights-holderESPN Deporteson its own coverage.[89][90][91]CBC stated that it was "very happy" with the ratings performance of the Games; primetime coverage averaged around 900,000 to 1 million viewers per night, and the opening ceremonies were seen by 1.93 million viewers across CBC andCBC News Network,with the largest audience being in the Toronto region.[88][92]

In the United States,ESPNheld broadcast rights, with 66 hours of English-language coverage across ESPN andESPN2,44 hours onLonghorn Network,200 hours of Spanish-language coverage onESPN Deportes,and streaming onWatchESPN.ESPN broadcast from studios atCorus Quay,which was linked to the IBC (and in turn, ESPN's headquarters inBristol, Connecticut). ESPN and ESPN Deportes used their own hosts, as well as those of CBC, as part of its multi-platform coverage.[93][94]

Rede Recordacquired rights in Brazil, paying a recordUS$30 million.[95][96]Other broadcasting deals includeTorneos y Competenciassports in Argentina,Claro Sportsin Mexico andLatina Televisiónin Peru.[97]

Marketing[edit]

[edit]

The original bid logo for the games

Toronto's bid logo was launched on October 2, 2008, with the then–Toronto mayorDavid Millerand then-head of the organizing committeeDavid Petersonunveiling the logo to the public. The bid logo looks like an abstract maple leaf with three sections, each section made up of two strokes in the shape of a "v" with a spot in the centre. The colours are green, red and blue. This was the official logo of the games until 2010, when the new logo was launched.[98]

On September 29, 2010, the official logo of the games was unveiled at a street party atMaple Leaf Square.[99]According toIan Troop,the former chief executive officer ofToronto 2015 organizing committee,the logo is designed on the basis of the different art styles seen throughout the 41 countries that compete at the games.[99]

Mascot[edit]

Main article:Pachi the Porcupine
Pachi greets US AmbassadorBruce Heymanat the 2015 Pan American Games

In January 2013, it was announced that a contest would determine the mascot of the games. Children under the age of 16 had until March 8, 2013 to submit their ideas.[100]4,000 ideas and drawings were submitted to the organizing committee during this time frame.[101]In April 2013, a shortlist of six mascot designs (which were produced by professional graphic designers with the sketches by the children as models) were released, including a raccoon, beaver, moose, two pixie creature twins, porcupine and an owl.[102]The final six were selected based on originality, how well they representCanadian cultureand the branding of the Games, and the appeal they had amongst adults and children.[101]On April 22, 2013, the general public was allowed to vote for the mascot they felt was the best. Voting was open until May 5, 2013.[101]

On July 17, 2013, Pachi the Porcupine was revealed as the official mascot of the games at an unveiling at theCanadian Broadcasting Centre.[103]The mascot received over 33,000 votes from the nationwide vote.[103]The winning design was submitted by four Grade-Eight students at Buttonville Public School inMarkham.[103]The name Pachi (ぱち) means "clapping with joy" inJapanese,while the 41 quills the porcupine has represent the 41 participating countries at the games.[104]The New York Timesdescribed the mascot as "a departure from the usual cute and cuddly" and "a marketing challenge".[105]The Games licensed "Inner Ninja"by Canadian rapperClassifiedas Pachi's theme song.

Music[edit]

The event's official theme song was released in three versions: the English-language "Together We Are One", performed bySerena Ryder;the French "Ensemble on est immense", performed by Jasmine Denham; and the Spanish "Unidos Somos Más", performed byEva Avila.[106]

Toronto Sign[edit]

TheToronto Signplaced inNathan Phillips Squarefor the Games became a symbol of their positive response and of the city as a whole.

A large, illuminated"Toronto" sculpture signinstalled inNathan Phillips Squarefor the Games proved to be popular with locals and tourists as a spot for photos, and it came to become a symbol of the renewed enthusiasm surrounding the Pan Am Games. Considering it a symbol of their legacy,Mayor of TorontoJohn Torysolicited suggestions for a permanent location for the sign following the Games. It was later announced that the sign would remain in the Square in its current form through at least the end of 2016[107][108]and later extended to the end of 2017 with the temporary addition of amaple leaffor the150th anniversary of Canadian confederationand 2018 with a pan-First Nationsmedicine wheel.[109][110]In September 2020, the sign was replaced with a new version, addingweatherproofingand an updated lighting system.[111][112]

Sponsorship[edit]

Private sponsors includedChevroletCanada.[113]Another sponsorship deal withCAA South Central Ontarioannounced in January 2014 was terminated in May 2014.[113][114]

The Toronto 2015pop-up storeatToronto Eaton Centre.

Premier and lead partners[edit]

Official suppliers[edit]

Concerns and controversies[edit]

Scheduling[edit]

Theaquaticsevents at the 2015 Pan American Games were scheduled to be held roughly around the same time as the2015 World Aquatics Championshipsscheduled inKazan,Russia. In order to maintain the quality of its fields, the schedule of the five aquatics disciplines had to be changed to accommodate athletes. The synchronized swimming competition was moved to the day before theopening ceremony,diving events began on the day of the opening ceremony (when events are traditionally not held on the day of the ceremony), open water swimming was moved to the first weekend of the games, swimming was reduced to a five-day schedule (down from seven in2011), and water polo competitions began three days before the opening ceremony. All events were scheduled to be completed by July 24, six days before the opening ceremonies of the World Championships, which in itself was moved back a week to accommodate the games. The change in schedule meant that for the first time, events were held before the opening ceremony.[125][126]

The2015 FIFA Women's World Cup,which was held in various Canadian cities, concluded on the Sunday prior to the opening ceremony; due to the proximity of the events, teams who competed in both the Women's World Cup and the Pan Am women's football tournament were not expected to field their best players due to availability.[127]Toronto decided not to bid to host matches during the Women's World Cup due to a potential conflict with the Games.[128]

The2015 World Archery Championshipswere scheduled later in July, to avoid conflict with the games, while the2015 World Fencing Championships(which finished one day prior to the start of fencing competitions at the Pan-Am Games) were coordinated to allow athletes to compete at both events. Finally, the second round of the2015 Davis Cupwas moved ahead one week to avoid conflict with the tennis competitions. Tennis competitions were held before the opening ceremony, to allow athletes to compete in both events.[4][129]

The volleyball tournaments and theFIVB Volleyball World Grand Prixand theFIVB Volleyball World Leaguewere played at roughly the same time, leading to scheduling conflicts for teams playing both events.[4]

TheIndyCar Series' Honda Indy Toronto race (later renamedGrand Prix of Toronto), which is held on astreet circuitat Exhibition Place, was moved to June from July to avoid conflicting with the Games.[130]

Expenses claims[edit]

In September 2013, it was reported that many senior members of theorganizing committee,including then-CEOIan Troop,expensed Ontario taxpayers for things such as a cup of tea. This led to outrage among provincial politicians includingOntario PremierKathleen Wynne,"I'm just going to say it's ridiculous. It is the kind of entitlement that is unacceptable".[131]In response to the backlash the organization released an updated expenses and travel policy in November 2013.[132]In December 2013, Troop was ousted by the organization's board of directors, just three months after the expense scandal came into light.[133]He was replaced by Saad Rafi.[133]In 2014, more expenses by the organization came under scrutiny including boxes of South American wine.[134]

In 2015, Ian Troop, the former CEO, gave an interview in which he stated that organizers cleared him from any wrongdoing, and that all expenses fell under the organization's policy. Troop also mentioned under his leadership the organization savedCA$50million from the capital infrastructure budget. Troop's firing had nothing to do with the expenses scandal that arose in 2013.[135]

Executive compensation and bonuses[edit]

The games' organizing committee came under scrutiny for the high compensation and bonus packages its executive team has been awarded.[136]Under Ontario's Salary Disclosure rules, any provincial employee receiving overCA$100,000in compensation will have their salary publicly disclosed. In 2012, it was revealed that former CEO Ian Troop madeCA$552,065,with several other senior staff making betweenCA$100,000andCA$400,000.Additionally, in 2013 it was revealed that as part of his compensation package, Troop would be eligible for aCA$780,000bonus at the end of his contract, if the games had finished successfully. Other executives are eligible for bonuses of up to 100 percent of their salaries upon completion of their contract.[137]In 2015, it was revealed that Troop's replacement, Saad Rafi, would receive a bonus of 100 percent of hisCA$428,794salary upon completion of his contract. Rafi did not collect his bonus at the conclusion of the games.[138]

Canadian television coverage[edit]

Although still billed as having been the most extensive television coverage of the Pan American Games ever broadcast in the country,[86]the CBC faced criticism for the amount of coverage it produced and broadcast from the 2015 Pan American Games. Only condensed, tape-delayed highlights of events aired onCBC Television,drawing comparisons to the similar practices imposed byNBC's coverage of the Olympics.Most events were streamed online, and pay television channelSportsnetaired the soccer tournaments on television, but events in some sports received only limited online coverage or were not broadcast at all. Partway through the Games, the CBC expanded its primetime coverage block, while broadcasts of a semi-final game in men's basketball on Sportsnet and the baseball finals online were added at the last minute. Critics perceived these last-minute changes as signs that the CBC had underestimated viewer interest in the Pan Am Games.[139][140]

CBC Sports head of programming Trevor Pilling explained that the large number of events being held, along with the stature of the Pan American Games in comparison to the Olympics, were a factor in the structure of CBC's coverage, stating that "I do think we are the victim of our own success in that having Olympic coverage that is around the clock, but the Olympics are a different event than these Pan Am Games. But I feel like we've done the athletes justice by telling those stories or through live coverage, or with reporters on site. We've tried to make sure we're at all the significant events, and with Canada winning over 180 medals, that's a tall task."[139][140]

While theNational Postalso felt that budget cuts faced by the CBC in recent years, including those imposed following the loss of itsnational broadcast rightsto theNational Hockey LeaguetoRogers Media,may have also had an impact—with a CBC spokesperson arguing that "resources" were a factor, Pilling denied that this was the case, arguing that it was "about the planning, It is about making good, sound business decisions", and promised that there would be extensive coverage of the2016 Summer Olympicsin Rio de Janeiro.[139][140]

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External links[edit]

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Toronto
(2015) 		Succeeded by
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