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2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia

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2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia

2014 November 8, 2016 2018

All 11 Virginia seats to theUnited States House of Representatives
Majority party Minority party
Party Republican Democratic
Last election 8 3
Seats won 7 4
Seat change Decrease1 Increase1
Popular vote 1,843,010 1,859,426
Percentage 48.74% 49.17%
Swing Decrease4.82% Increase9.55%

Democratic holdDemocratic gain
Republican hold

The2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginiawere held on November 8, 2016, to elect aU.S. representativefrom each ofVirginia's 11 congressional districts.The elections coincided with the2016 U.S. presidential election,as well asHouse of Representatives elections in other states,U.S. Senate electionsand variousstateandlocal elections.The primaries were held on June 14.

Virginia was one of two states in which the party that won the state's popular vote did not win a majority of seats in 2016, the other state beingWisconsin.

Statewide results[edit]

Party Candidates Votes Seats
No. % No. +/– %
Democratic Party 11 1,859,426 49.17% 4 Increase1 36.36%
Republican Party 10 1,843,010 48.74% 7 Decrease1 63.64%
Write-in 11 42,552 1.13% 0 Steady 0.0%
Independent 3 36,580 0.96% 0 Steady 0.0%
Total 35 3,781,568 100% 11 Steady 100%
Statewide popular vote
Democratic
49.17%
Republican
48.74%
Write-in
1.13%
Independent
0.96%
House seats
Republican
63.64%
Democratic
36.36%

2016 Virginia redistricting[edit]

This image shows the 2016-2020 court-ordered VA Congressional districts.

In October 2013 three voters in the third congressional district filed a lawsuit againstVirginia GovernorBob McDonnell's2012 congressional map. The three voters argued the new map was unconstitutional on the grounds that it packed black voters in the third district. On October 7, 2014, a three-justice District Court ruled the map unconstitutional and against the14th amendment.However, they ruled the maps to continue use in the2014 House Electionsand for theGeneral Assemblyto redraw the maps by April 1, 2015. Following this decision 10 current and former Republican House members appealed to theSupreme Courtto overturn the lower court's decision. However, theSupreme Courthad just ruled in a major racialgerrymanderingcase inAlabama Legislative Black Caucus v Alabama,so it argued for the case to be re-visited by the District Court with the new ruling in mind. Then on June 5, 2015, the District Court again ruled the map unconstitutional and that theGeneral Assemblymust redraw the map by September 1, 2015. Again all Republican House members chose to appeal to theSupreme Court.

However, during the appeal process, the deadline of September 1 passed without theGeneral Assemblyapproving a map, so the district court appointed aspecial masterto redraw the map. Following this on January 7, 2016, thespecial master'smap got approved by the District Court. The Republican House members then asked theSupreme Courtto pause the implantation of the District Court's map to finish the original appeal about jurisdiction. TheSupreme Courtthen unanimously denied this request allowing the new map to be used in the2016 House primaries and election,then on March 21, 2016, theSupreme Courtheard oral arguments on the appeal. TheSupreme Courtwould then rule that the appeal had no standing and dismissed the Republican House members' appeal citingArticle III of the Constitution.

The Republican House members then sued the District Court's map for striking down the original map. Only three of the 10 Republican members chose to appear in front of theSupreme Court.Randy Forbes,one of the three in front of the court, made the argument that the new map would force him off the4th Districtas it would go from Republican-leaning to Democratic-leaning. This was the main talking point of the three Republican House members as during the court case they continued to argue that the new map would threaten the incumbent's re-elections. However, theSupreme Courtwould argue in favor of the District Court, ruling that the new map would stand.[1]

District 1[edit]

2016 Virginia's 1st congressional district election

2014
2018
Nominee Rob Wittman Matt Rowe
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 230,213 140,785
Percentage 59.9% 36.6%

County and independent city results
Wittman:40–50%50–60%60–70%70–80%
Rowe:50–60%

U.S. Representative before election

Rob Wittman
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Rob Wittman
Republican

RepublicanRob Wittmanhad represented Virginia's 1st congressional district since 2007. He was re-elected in 2014 with 63% of the vote.

Wittman announced that he intended to run for governor in2017,but would still run for re-election in 2016.[2]

Republican primary[edit]

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]

Democratic convention[edit]

A convention was scheduled for May 21 to select a nominee, with a filing deadline of May 7.[3]Bowling GreenTown Councilman Matt Rowe was the only candidate to file before the deadline, and was thus automatically nominated.[4]

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]

Independent candidateGail Parkeralso ran.[5]

General election[edit]

Results[edit]

Virginia's 1st congressional district, 2016[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Rob Wittman(incumbent) 230,213 59.9
Democratic Matt Rowe 140,785 36.6
Independent Glenda Parker 12,866 3.3
Write-in 737 0.2
Total votes 384,601 100.0
Republicanhold

District 2[edit]

2016 Virginia's 2nd congressional district election

2014
2018
Nominee Scott Taylor Shaun D. Brown
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 190,475 119,440
Percentage 61.3% 38.5%

County and independent city results
Taylor:50–60%60–70%80–90%
Brown:60–70%

U.S. Representative before election

Scott Rigell
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Scott Taylor
Republican

RepublicanScott Rigellwas the incumbent of the 2nd district, which had aPVIof R+2. He was first elected in 2010. He declined to seek re-election.[7]The district encompassedVirginia Beachand surrounding areas.

Republican primary[edit]

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]
Eliminated in primary[edit]
  • Pat Cardwell, attorney[9]
  • Randy Forbes,incumbent U.S. Representative for Virginia's 4th congressional district[10]
Declined[edit]

Endorsements[edit]

Randy Forbes
Executive branch officials
  • Seven former Secretaries of the Navy, including former US SenatorJohn Warner[10]
U.S. Representatives
State legislators
  • John Cosgrove, state senator
  • Glenn Davis, state delegate
  • Gordon Helsel, state delegate
  • Barry Knight, state delegate
  • Jason Miyares, state delegate
  • Brenda Pogge, state delegate
  • Ron Villanueva, state delegate
Organizations
  • Tidewater Tea Party Alliance
Local officials
  • John Atkinson, Virginia Beach City Treasurer
  • Heather Cordasco, former James City County School Board
  • Linda Curtis, Hampton Vice Mayor
  • Bob Deeds, James City-Williamsburg Sheriff
  • Danny Diggs, York-Poquoson Sheriff
  • Bobby Dyer, Virginia Beach City Council
  • Jim Funk, former York County Board of Supervisors
  • Buddy Green, Poquoson City Council
  • George Hrishak, former York County Board of Supervisors
  • Gene Hunt, Poquoson Mayor
  • Bob McCabe, Norfolk Sheriff
  • John Moss, Virginia Beach City Council
  • Kevin Onizuk, James City County Board of Supervisors
  • Doug Pons, Williamsburg City Council
  • Sue Sadler, James City County Board of Supervisors
  • Phyllis Schaffly, Hampton School Board
  • Tom Sheppard, York County Board of Supervisors
  • Jeff Wassmer, York County Chairman
  • Don Wiggins, former York County Board of Supervisors
  • Walt Zaremba, York County Board of Supervisors
  • Benny Zhang, Williamsburg City Council
Individuals
  • Matt Schlapp, Chairman of the American Conservative Union
Scott Taylor
State legislators
Local officials

Results[edit]

County and independent city results
Taylor
  • 50–60%
Forbes
  • 50–60%
  • 60–70%
Republican primary results[17]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Scott Taylor 21,406 52.6
Republican Randy Forbes(incumbent) 16,552 40.6
Republican Pat Cardwell 2,773 6.8
Total votes 40,731 100.0

Democratic primary[edit]

Scott Rigell's retirement was expected to make the race competitive, with the Rothenberg & Gonzales Political Report immediately changing the rating from Safe to Lean Republican.[18]However, due to the perceived strength of Congressman Forbes's entry into the race, Shaun Brown, a community activist inHampton, VAwho had originally planned to primary US RepresentativeBobby Scott(D) for the 3rd district,[19]ended up being the only candidate to file for the primary, making her automatically the nominee.[20]

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]
  • Shaun Brown, community activist[20]
Declined[edit]

General election[edit]

Endorsements[edit]

Scott Taylor (R)
State legislators
Local officials

Results[edit]

Virginia's 2nd congressional district, 2016[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Scott Taylor 190,475 61.3
Democratic Shaun D. Brown 119,440 38.5
Write-in 652 0.2
Total votes 310,567 100.0
Republicanhold

District 3[edit]

2016 Virginia's 3rd congressional district election

2014
2018
Nominee Bobby Scott Marty Williams
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 208,337 103,289
Percentage 66.7% 33.1%

County and independent city results
Scott:50–60%60–70%70–80%
Williams:50–60%

U.S. Representative before election

Bobby Scott
Democratic

Elected U.S. Representative

Bobby Scott
Democratic

DemocratBobby Scotthad represented Virginia's 3rd congressional district since 1993. He was re-elected in 2014 with 94% of the vote, but the district was made slightly more competitive following the court-ordered redistricting when all of its Richmond and Petersburg constituents were moved into the 4th district.

Democratic primary[edit]

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]

Republican primary[edit]

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]
  • Marty Williams, former president of the Virginia State Faternal Order of Police and chairman of the Chesapeake Planning Commission[23]

General election[edit]

A debate was scheduled for October 25, but was canceled after the debate questions were leaked to both campaigns.[24]

Endorsements[edit]

Bobby Scott (D)
Organizations

Results[edit]

Virginia's 3rd congressional district, 2016[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Bobby Scott(incumbent) 208,337 66.7
Republican Marty Williams 103,289 33.1
Write-in 714 0.2
Total votes 312,340 100.0
Democratichold

District 4[edit]

2016 Virginia's 4th congressional district election

2014
2018
Nominee Donald McEachin Mike Wade
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 200,136 145,731
Percentage 57.7% 42.0%

County results
McEachin:50–60%60–70%70–80%
Wade:50–60%60–70%70–80%

U.S. Representative before election

Randy Forbes
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Donald McEachin
Democratic

RepublicanRandy Forbes,first elected in 2001, was the incumbent of the 4th district, but attempted to seek re-election in the 2nd district. The 4th district was changed from a Hampton Roads centered district to a Richmond-centered district following the court's redistricting. Notably, it gained heavily Democratic, black-majority Richmond andPetersburg,which was enough to turn the district into a strongly Democratic district on paper. The old 4th had a PVI of R+4, while the new 4th had a PVI of D+10. The district was considered a Safe Gain for the Democrats by many political analysts, includingLarry Sabato's Crystal Ball.

Republican primary[edit]

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]
  • Mike Wade, Henrico County Sheriff[26]
Eliminated in primary[edit]
Declined[edit]

Results[edit]

Republican primary results[17]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Mike Wade 4,987 64.0
Republican Jackee Gonzalez 2,801 36.0
Total votes 7,788 100.0

Democratic primary[edit]

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]
Eliminated in primary[edit]
Declined[edit]

Results[edit]

Democratic primary results[33]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Donald McEachin 11,851 75.4
Democratic Ella Ward 3,867 24.6
Total votes 15,818 100.0

General election[edit]

Endorsements[edit]

Donald McEachin (D)
Organizations

Predictions[edit]

Source Ranking As of
The Cook Political Report[34] Likely D(flip) November 7, 2016
Daily Kos Elections[35] Safe D(flip) November 7, 2016
Rothenberg[36] Safe D(flip) November 3, 2016
Sabato's Crystal Ball[37] Safe D(flip) November 7, 2016
RCP[38] Likely D(flip) October 31, 2016

Results[edit]

Virginia's 4th congressional district, 2016[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Donald McEachin 200,136 57.7
Republican Mike Wade 145,731 42.1
Write-in 789 0.2
Total votes 346,656 100.0
DemocraticgainfromRepublican

District 5[edit]

2016 Virginia's 5th congressional district election

2014
2018
Candidate Tom Garrett Jane Dittmar
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 207,758 148,339
Percentage 58.2% 41.6%

County and independent city results
Garrett:50–60%60–70%70–80%
Dittmar:50–60%70–80%

U.S. Representative before election

Robert Hurt
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Tom Garrett
Republican

Incumbent RepublicanRobert Hurt,first elected in 2010, retired in 2016.[39]The 5th district, which has a PVI of R+5, is the largest district in the state and stretches from Virginia's southern border to the exurbs ofWashington, D.C.

Republican convention[edit]

The Republican party selected State SenatorTom Garrettas its nominee at a convention on May 14, with a filing deadline of March 31.[40][41]

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]
Eliminated in primary[edit]
  • Michael Del Rosso, technology executive[43]
  • Jim McKelvey, real estate developer, candidate in2010and state delegate candidate in 2013[44]
  • Joe Whited, congressional intelligence advisor[45]
Withdrawn[edit]
  • Andrew Griffin, former congressional staffer[46][47]

Democratic convention[edit]

The Democratic party had scheduled a convention on May 7 to select a nominee.[48]Jane Dittmar, the former chair of theAlbemarle CountyBoard of Supervisors, was the only candidate to file by the filing deadline and so was declared the Democratic nominee.[41]

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]
  • Jane Dittmar, former chair of theAlbemarle CountyBoard of Supervisors (2014–15) and Supervisor for Scottsville Magisterial District (2013–15)[49]
Withdrawn[edit]
  • Ericke Cage, former congressional aide[48][50]
Declined[edit]

General election[edit]

Endorsements[edit]

Jane Dittmar (D)

Predictions[edit]

Source Ranking As of
The Cook Political Report[34] Likely R November 7, 2016
Daily Kos Elections[35] Likely R November 7, 2016
Rothenberg[36] Likely R November 3, 2016
Sabato's Crystal Ball[37] Lean R November 7, 2016
RCP[38] Likely R October 31, 2016

Results[edit]

Virginia's 5th congressional district, 2016[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Tom Garrett 207,758 58.2
Democratic Jane Dittmar 148,339 41.6
Write-in 659 0.2
Total votes 356,756 100.0
Republicanhold

District 6[edit]

2016 Virginia's 6th congressional district election

2014
2018
Nominee Bob Goodlatte Kai Degner
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 225,471 112,170
Percentage 66.6% 33.2%

County and independent city results
Goodlatte:50–60%60–70%70–80%80–90%
Degner:50–60%

U.S. Representative before election

Bob Goodlatte
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Bob Goodlatte
Republican

RepublicanBob Goodlattehad represented Virginia's 6th congressional district since 1993. He was re-elected with 75% of the vote in 2014.

Republican primary[edit]

Harry Griego, a pilot and Air Force veteran who made a 2015 primary challenge of State DelegateChris Head,challenged Goodlatte for the Republican nomination.[54]

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]
Eliminated in primary[edit]
  • Harry Griego, pilot and Air Force veteran

Primary results[edit]

Republican primary results[17]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bob Goodlatte(incumbent) 18,993 77.9
Republican Harry Griego 5,383 22.1
Total votes 24,376 100.0

Democratic primary[edit]

In 2014, Democratic candidate Bruce Elder, a Staunton City Councilman, had to end his campaign after being diagnosed with cancer.[55]Democrats did not field any candidates to challenge Goodlatte for that year's election.[56]

No Democratic candidates announced in the early part of 2016, butChris Hurst,a reporter forWDBJin Roanoke who was the boyfriend ofmurdered reporter Alison Parker,had reportedly met with theDemocratic Congressional Campaign Committeeto discuss a potential campaign for this district.[57]By late May, the only declared Democratic candidate was Warren County Democratic Party Chair Tom Howarth. However, citing health issues, Howarth withdrew. Kai Degner, a member of the Harrisonburg City Council and former mayor of the city, became the nominee by acclamation in early June.

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]
Withdrawn[edit]
  • Tom Howarth, Warren County Democratic Party Chair
Declined[edit]

General election[edit]

Results[edit]

Virginia's 6th congressional district, 2016[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Bob Goodlatte(incumbent) 225,471 66.6
Democratic Kai Degner 112,170 33.2
Write-in 768 0.2
Total votes 338,409 100.0
Republicanhold

District 7[edit]

2016 Virginia's 7th congressional district election

2014
2018
Nominee Dave Brat Eileen Bedell
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 218,057 160,159
Percentage 57.5% 42.2%

County results
Brat:50–60%60–70%70–80%

U.S. Representative before election

Dave Brat
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Dave Brat
Republican

RepublicanDave Brathad represented Virginia's 7th congressional district since 2014. He was elected in 2014 with 61% of the vote.

Republican primary[edit]

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]
Withdrawn[edit]
  • Mike Wade, Henrico County Sheriff[58]

Democratic primary[edit]

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]
  • Eileen Bedell, small business owner and attorney[59]

General election[edit]

Endorsements[edit]

Eileen Bedell (D)
Organizations

Results[edit]

Virginia's 7th congressional district, 2016[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican David Brat(incumbent) 218,057 57.5
Democratic Eileen Bedell 160,159 42.2
Write-in 947 0.3
Total votes 379,163 100.0
Republicanhold

District 8[edit]

2016 Virginia's 8th congressional district election

2014
2018
Nominee Don Beyer Charles Hernick
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 246,653 98,387
Percentage 68.4% 27.3%

County and independent city results
Beyer:60–70%70–80%

U.S. Representative before election

Don Beyer
Democratic

Elected U.S. Representative

Don Beyer
Democratic

DemocratDon Beyerhad represented Virginia's 8th congressional district since 2015. He was elected in 2014 with 63% of the vote.

Republican convention[edit]

The Republican party selected a nominee at a convention on May 7.[60]

Two candidates sought the Republican nomination: Charles Hernick, an environmental consultant, and Mike Webb, a retired Army officer.[61][62]Hernick defeated Webb to become the nominee.[63][64]

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]
  • Charles Hernick, environmental consultant
Eliminated at the convention[edit]
  • Mike Webb, retired Army officer

Other candidates[edit]

Independent candidate Julio Gracia also ran.[5]

General election[edit]

Endorsements[edit]

Don Beyer (D)
Organizations

Results[edit]

Virginia's 8th congressional district, 2016[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Don Beyer(incumbent) 246,653 68.4
Republican Charles Hernick 98,387 27.3
Independent Julio Gracia 14,664 4.0
Write-in 972 0.3
Total votes 360,676 100.0
Democratichold

District 9[edit]

2016 Virginia's 9th congressional district election

2014
2018
Nominee Morgan Griffith Derek Kitts
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 212,838 87,877
Percentage 68.6% 28.3%

County and independent city results
Griffith:50–60%60–70%70–80%
Kitts:50–60%

U.S. Representative before election

Morgan Griffith
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Morgan Griffith
Republican

RepublicanMorgan Griffithrepresented Virginia's 9th congressional district since 2011. He won re-election to a third term in 2014 with 72% of the vote.

Republican primary[edit]

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]

Democratic convention[edit]

The Democratic party selected retired Army veteran Derek Kitts as the nominee in a May 21 convention.

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]
  • Derek Kitts, retired Army veteran[65]
Eliminated at the convention[edit]
  • Bill Bunch, farmer and retired postal worker
Declined[edit]

Other candidates[edit]

Independent candidate Janice Boyd also ran.[5]

General election[edit]

Results[edit]

Virginia's 9th congressional district, 2016[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Morgan Griffith(incumbent) 212,838 68.6
Democratic Derek Kitts 87,877 28.3
Independent Janice Boyd 9,050 2.9
Write-in 549 0.2
Total votes 310,314 100.0
Republicanhold

District 10[edit]

2016 Virginia's 10th congressional district election

2014
2018
Candidate Barbara Comstock LuAnn Bennett
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 210,791 187,712
Percentage 52.7% 46.9%

County and independent city results
Comstock:50–60%60–70%70–80%
Bennett:40–50%50–60%

U.S. Representative before election

Barbara Comstock
Republican

Elected U.S. Representative

Barbara Comstock
Republican

RepublicanBarbara Comstockwas the incumbent in the 10th district. In 2015, she succeeded RepublicanFrank Wolf,who served for 17 terms before choosing to not seek re-election 2014. The 10th district, which has a PVI of D+1, consists of the northernmost portions of the state. Comstock ran for re-election.[67]

Republican primary[edit]

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]

Democratic primary[edit]

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]
  • LuAnn Bennett, real estate executive and ex-wife of former 8th District CongressmanJim Moran[68]

Other candidates[edit]

Libertarian candidate JD Thorpe ran as awrite-in candidate.

General election[edit]

Campaign[edit]

Due to the competitiveness of the district and the ability of both candidates to raise large amounts of money, the race was expected to be one of the most heavily contested in the country.[69]Democratic strategist Ellen Qualls said the 10th District is "essentially the swingiest district in the swingiest state."[69]

In the first three weeks of her campaign, Bennett raised $281,000, while Comstock raised $2 million overall since January 2015.[69][70]

Endorsements[edit]

LuAnn Bennett (D)

Predictions[edit]

Source Ranking As of
The Cook Political Report[34] Tossup November 7, 2016
Daily Kos Elections[35] Tossup November 7, 2016
Rothenberg[36] Tilt R November 3, 2016
Sabato's Crystal Ball[37] Lean R November 7, 2016
RCP[38] Tossup October 31, 2016

Results[edit]

Virginia's 10th congressional district, 2016[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Barbara Comstock(incumbent) 210,791 52.7
Democratic LuAnn Bennett 187,712 46.9
Write-in 1,580 0.4
Total votes 400,083 100.0
Republicanhold

Comstock was re-elected even though her district voted for Clinton by 10 percentage points in the presidential race.[71]

District 11[edit]

2016 Virginia's 11th congressional district election

2014
2018
Nominee Gerry Connolly
Party Democratic
Popular vote 247,818
Percentage 87.9%

County and independent city results
Connolly:80–90%>90%

U.S. Representative before election

Gerry Connolly
Democratic

Elected U.S. Representative

Gerry Connolly
Democratic

DemocratGerry Connollyhad represented Virginia's 11th congressional district since 2009. He was re-elected in 2014 with 57% of the vote. He was the only candidate on the ballot for the seat in 2016.[72]

Democratic primary[edit]

Candidates[edit]

Nominee[edit]

Republican convention[edit]

One person, John Wolfe, filed for the Republican nomination, which was to be decided at a convention on May 14, 2016. However, Wolfe did not campaign or even attend the convention, so the convention delegates rejected his nomination by a 3-to-1 margin.[73][74]The 11th District Republican Committee searched for a new candidate,[73]but ultimately decided no viable candidate was available and opted to focus on the presidential race and on defeating the Fairfax County meals tax referendum.[75]

Libertarian nomination[edit]

One person, Daniel Mittereder, filed for the Libertarian nomination and was accepted. However, he suffered a severestrep throatinfection shortly afterward which required atonsillectomyand was forced to withdraw his candidacy.[76]

General election[edit]

Endorsements[edit]

Gerry Connolly (D)
Organizations

Results[edit]

Virginia's 11th congressional district, 2016[6]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Gerry Connolly(incumbent) 247,818 87.9
Write-in 34,185 12.1
Total votes 282,003 100.0
Democratichold

References[edit]

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  3. ^"Call to Convention 2016"(PDF).Virginia's First Congressional District Committee.RetrievedMarch 31,2016.
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  9. ^Bartel, Bill (January 15, 2016)."Virginia Beach attorney launches bid to replace Rigell in Congress".The Virginian-Pilot.RetrievedJanuary 21,2016.
  10. ^abcdBartel, Bill (February 8, 2016)."Randy Forbes switching districts in 2016 congressional election".The Virginian-Pilot.Archived fromthe originalon February 10, 2016.RetrievedFebruary 8,2016.
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  12. ^Davis, Glenn (January 19, 2016)."I never thought about looking at #VA02 and have no intention of it".Twitter.RetrievedFebruary 2,2016.
  13. ^abcToscano, James (February 1, 2016)."BREAKING: @BillDeSteph endorses @Scotttaylorva for #VA02. Makes pitch for veterans".Twitter.RetrievedFebruary 2,2016.
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  15. ^Gonzales, Nathan L. (January 14, 2016)."Rigell Retirement Shifts Seat Out of Safe for GOP".Roll Call.RetrievedFebruary 1,2016.
  16. ^Fredericks, John (January 19, 2016)."Delegate Chris Stolle: I am NOT running for Congress!".Twitter.RetrievedFebruary 2,2016.
  17. ^abc"2016 June Republican Primary (Official Results)".Virginia Department of Elections.RetrievedJuly 13,2016.
  18. ^Gonzales, Nathan L. (January 14, 2016)."Rigell Retirement Shifts Seat Out of Safe for GOP".Roll Call.RetrievedMarch 31,2016.
  19. ^"Kool Beans Brown for Congress".Shaun Brown campaign website.Archived fromthe originalon April 18, 2016.RetrievedApril 18,2016.
  20. ^abcBartel, Bill (April 5, 2016)."Hampton Roads congressional elections draw multiple candidates".The Virginian-Pilot.RetrievedApril 6,2016.
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