2021 in reptile paleontology
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
Thislist offossilreptilesdescribed in 2021is a list of newtaxaof fossil reptiles that weredescribedduring the year 2021, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to reptilepaleontologythat occurred in 2021.
Squamates[edit]
New taxa[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Rageet al. |
Eocene |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Scarpetta |
A member ofIguania.Genus includes new speciesC. lovei. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Willman, Konishi & Caldwell |
Aplioplatecarpinemosasaur. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Scarpetta, Ledesma & Bell |
Olla Formation |
A species ofElgaria. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jurestovsky |
A species ofHeterodon. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bochaton, Charles & Lenoble |
Quaternary |
|
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
In press |
Ikedaet al. |
A member or a relative of the groupMonstersauria.Genus includes new speciesM. kamitakiens. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Boletet al. |
A lizard of uncertain phylogenetic placement. |
 | ||||
|
Sp. nov |
In press |
Smith & Scanferla |
Eocene |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Georgalis, Čerňanský & Klembara |
Probably lateEocene |
A member ofAnguimorphabelonging to the familyPalaeovaranidae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Martinelli, Agnolín &Ezcurra |
Possibly a member ofPolyglyphanodontia.The type species isP. occultato. |
|||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Smith & Habersetzer |
Eocene |
Messel Formation |
Apalaeovaranidanguimorph. |
 | ||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Georgalis, Rabi & Smith |
Probably middle or late Eocene |
A snake belonging to the groupBooidea.The type species is"Palaeopython"filholiiRochebrune (1880). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Longrichet al. |
Amosasaur. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thornet al. |
LateOligocene |
Anegerniineskink. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Wagneret al. |
A member of the familyAgamidae.Genus includes new speciesP. monocoli. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Georgalis, Čerňanský & Klembara |
ProbablyOligocene |
Quercy Phosphorites Formation |
A member of the familyLacertidaebelonging to the subfamilyGallotiinae. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith & Scanferla |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Suarezet al. |
A member of the familyParamacellodidae.The type species isS. pawhuskai. |
 | ||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Longrichet al. |
Ouled Abdoun Basin |
Amosasaurinemosasaur. Genus includes new speciesX. calminechari. |
 |
Research[edit]
- A study on the evolution of tooth complexity insquamates,based on data from extant and fossil taxa, is published by Lafumaet al.(2021).[20]
- A study on the diversity of jaw sizes, lower jaw shape and morphology of teeth in Cretaceous squamates is published by Herrera-Flores, Stubbs &Benton(2021), who interpret their findings as indicating that a substantial expansion ofecomorphologicaldiversity of squamates occurred in the mid-Cretaceous, 110–90 Ma, before the first rise in taxonomic diversity of this group in theCampanian.[21]
- A study on the dietary preferences of lizards from the Upper Cretaceous Iharkút vertebrate locality (Hungary) is published by Gereet al.(2021).[22]
- A study on the locomotion of five Cretaceous lizards, and on its implications for the knowledge of the ancestral locomotion type in lizards, is published by Villaseñor-Amador, Suárez & Cruz (2021), who interpret their findings as indicating thatHuehuecuetzpallimixtecuswas bipedal whileTijubinaponteiwas facultatively bipedal.[23]
- Augé, Dion & Phélizon (2021) describe the lizard fauna from thePaleocenelocality of Montchenot (Paris Basin,France), and evaluate the implications of this fauna for the knowledge of diversity changes of European squamate faunas across the Paleocene/Eocene boundary.[24]
- Čerňanskýet al.(2021) describe new fossil material of lizards from two Miocene sites in Kutch (Gujarat,India), providing new information on the composition andbiogeographyof South Asian lizard faunas during the Miocene.[25]
- Revision of the fossil material of lizards and snakes from the Miocene of the Saint-Gérand-le-Puy area (France), including the first records ofOphisaurus holeciand thegallotiinelacertidJanosikiafrom France, is published by Georgalis & Scheyer (2021).[26]
- A study on the fossil record of lizards and snakes from theGuadeloupeIslands, assessing their evolutionary history and diversity over the past 40,000 years, is published by Bochatonet al.(2021), who interpret their findings as indicative of a massive extinction of Guadeloupe's snakes and lizards following European colonization, preceded by thousands of years of coexistence with earlier Indigenous populations.[27]
- A study on the shape and size variation in themaxillaeof extant New Zealanddiplodactylids,and on its implications for the knowledge of the affinities ofsubfossildiplodactylid remains, is published by Scarsbrooket al.(2021).[28]
- A study aiming to assess the phylogenetic value of lacertid jaw elements from four Oligocene localities in France, and evaluating their implications for the knowledge of the lacertid species richness in the Oligocene, is published by Wenckeret al.(2021).[29]
- A study on theosteologicalvariability in extant species of lacertid lizards, and on its implications for species delimitation in fossil lacertids, is published by Tschoppet al.(2021).[30]
- Fossils ofGallotia goliathare described for the first time from theEl Hierroisland (Canary Islands) by Palacios-Garcíaet al.(2021), providing the first evidence of the possible coexistence of two giant fossil species ofGallotiaon the same island.[31]
- Fossil material of a largeanguimorphlizard, possibly a member ofVaraniformesand potentially one of the largest Mesozoic terrestrial lizards, is described from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Basturs-1 site (Spain) by Cabezuelo Hernándezet al.(2021).[32]
- A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships ofTetrapodophisamplectusis published by Caldwellet al.(2021), who reinterpret this squamate as adolichosaur.[33]
- Ayaguarasaurinemosasauroidis reported from theCenomanian-Turonianbeds ofCoahuila(Mexico) by Jiménez-Huidobroet al.(2021), representing the earliest occurrence of a non-aigialosaurmosasauroid from North America reported to date.[34]
- Redescription and a study on the geographic provenance of the fossil material of"Liodon"asiaticumis published by Bardetet al.(2021).[35]
- One to seven month-long life histories of specimens ofPlatecarpustympaniticusandClidastespropythoncollected from chalk deposits of theWestern Interior SeawayandMississippi EmbaymentinKansasandAlabamaare reconstructed by Travis Tayloret al.(2021), who interpret their findings as indicative of semi-regular travels of these mosasaurs from marine to freshwater coastal environments and consumption of freshwater.[36]
- Fossil material providing the first evidence of the presence ofPlotosaurus-type mosasaurs in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean reported to date is described from theCampanianHiraiso Formation andMaastrichtianIsoai Formation (Japan) by Katoet al.(2021).[37]
- First confirmed non-dental mosasaur remains from theMaastrichtianBreien Member of theHell Creek Formation(North Dakota,United States) are described by Van Vranken & Boyd (2021).[38]
- A study on the evolutionary history of snakes, aiming to determine possible impact of theCretaceous–Paleogene extinction eventon the evolution and dispersal of snakes, is published by Kleinet al.(2021).[39]
- An assemblage of vertebrae ofPalaeophisafricanus,representing the most abundant material of this snake reported to date and providing new information on its anatomy, is described from the Eocene (Lutetian) ofTogoby Georgaliset al.(2021).[40]
- A vertebra ofNaja romaniis described from the Miocene (Turolian) Solnechnodolsk locality (Northern Caucasus, Russia) by Syromyatnikova, Tesakov & Titov (2021), representimg the latest known record of this species and expanding its geographic and geological range.[41]
- Biton & Bailon (2021) report the discovery of fossil material of adders belonging to theBitis arietanscomplex from the early Late Pleistocene of theQafzeh cave(Israel), representing the northernmost record of the expansion of these adders outside Africa reported to date, and evaluate the implications of this finding for the knowledge of the climatic and environmental conditions in the surroundings of the Qafzeh Cave during theMousterianHomo sapiensoccupations.[42]
Ichthyosauromorphs[edit]
New taxa[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
In press |
Zverkovet al. |
An early ichthyosaur of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly withtoretocnemidorparvipelvianaffinities. Genus includes new speciesA. incognita. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Fernándezet al. |
Anichthyosaurbelonging to the familyOphthalmosauridae.Genus includes new speciesC. gaspariniae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Sanderet al. |
|||||||
| Kazakhstanosaurus[46] | Gen. et sp. nov | Bolatovna and Maksutovich | Late Jurassic |  Kazakhstan Russia
|
An ichthyosaur belonging to the family Ophthalmosauridae. Genus includes new speciesK. shchuchkinensisandK. efimovi. | |||
| Kyhytysuka[47] | Gen. et comb. nov | Cortés, Maxwell, and Larsson | Early Cretaceous(Barremian-Aptian) | Paja Formation |  Colombia
|
An ichthyosaur belonging to the family Ophthalmosauridae. The type species is"Platypterygius" sachicarumPáramo (1997). | ||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Barrientos-Lara and Alvarado-Ortega |
An ichthyosaur belonging to the family Ophthalmosauridae. The type species isJ. meztli |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Barrientos-Lara & Alvarado-Ortega |
An ichthyosaur belonging to the family Ophthalmosauridae. The type species isP. yacahuitztli |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Camposet al. |
Late Jurassic |
An ichthyosaur belonging to the family Ophthalmosauridae. Genus includes new speciesS. argentina |
Research[edit]
- Description of anatomy of the palate ofChaohusaurusbrevifemoralisis published by Yin, Ji & Zhou (2021).[51]
- A study on the anatomy of the skull of theholotypespecimen ofBesanosaurusleptorhynchus,description of additional specimens from theMiddle TriassicBesano Formation(Italy/Switzerland) and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by Bindelliniet al.(2021), who interpretMikadocephalusgracilirostrisas ajunior synonymofB. leptorhynchus.[52]
- Newstenopterygiidichthyosaurfossils, representing some of the best preservedToarcianspecimens from Europe (including a specimen with possible soft tissue preservation), are described from south-eastFranceby Martinet al.(2021), who also attempt to determine the causes of the state of preservation of the studied specimens, and evaluate the implications of the study site for the knowledge of the environmental perturbations associated with theToarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event.[53]
- A specimen ofIchthyosaurusbelonging or related to the speciesI. communisis identified from theSinemurianCoimbra Formation (Portugal) by Sousa &Mateus(2021), representing the southernmost occurrence ofIchthyosaurusreported to date.[54]
- A study on the anatomy ofnarialstructures in Early Jurassic ichthyosaurs, and on their implications for the knowledge of the evolution of the bony subdivision of the external naris in more derived ichthyosaurs, is published by Massare, Wahl & Lomax (2021).[55]
- The first unambiguous ichthyosaur remains from Antarctica reported to date are described from the Upper Jurassic Ameghino (=Nordenskjöld) Formation by Camposet al.(2021), who also revise remains of two ichthyosaur specimens from the Upper Jurassic ofMadagascar,and describe a third specimen which is the most complete ichthyosaur from this region ofGondwanaland.[56]
- A study aiming to determine whetherCretaceousichthyosaur remains fromAustraliacan be attributed to the speciesPlatypterygiusaustralison the basis of vertebral data alone is published by Vakil, Webb & Cook (2021).[57]
Sauropterygians[edit]
New taxa[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Noè & Gómez-Pérez |
Apliosaurid.Genus includes new speciesE. longmani. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Campbellet al. |
Anelasmosauridplesiosaur.The type species isF. sloanae. |
 | ||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Noè & Gómez-Pérez |
Early Cretaceous |
A pliosaurid; a new genus for"Kronosaurus"boyacensisHampe (1992). |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Puértolas-Pascualet al. |
An early member ofPlesiosauroidea.The type species isP. moelensis. |
|||||
| Wumengosaurus rotundicarpus[61] | Sp. nov | Valid | Qinet al. | Middle Triassic(Anisian) |  China
|
A possiblepachypleurosaur;a species ofWumengosaurus. |
Research[edit]
- A study on the anatomy and replacement pattern of teeth inHenoduschelyopsis published by Pommeryet al.(2021).[62]
- A large teeth-bearing dentary of aneosauropterygianof uncertain phylogenetic placement, probably related to the enigmaticLamprosauroidesgoepperti,is described from the LowerMuschelkalk(Anisian,Middle Triassic) of Winterswijk (Netherlands) by Spiekman & Klein (2021).[63]
- A study on the bonehistologyand possible affinities ofProneusticosaurussilesiacusis published by Klein & Surmik (2021).[64]
- Description of a new specimen ofPanzhousaurusrotundirostrisfrom theGuanling Formation(Guizhou, China), providing new information on the anatomy of this reptile, and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by Linet al.(2021).[65]
- New specimen ofDiandongosaurus,belonging or related to the speciesD. acutidentatus(though approximately three times larger than theholotypeof that species) and lacking most of the right hindlimb, is described from theAnisianGuanling Formation(China) by Liuet al.(2021), who interpret the right hindlimb of this specimen as likely amputated in an attack by an unknown hunter.[66]
- The remains of an indeterminate plesiosaur are reported from theHauterivianKatterfeld Formation (Chile) by Poblete-Huancaet al.(2021), representing the first record of a Lower Cretaceous plesiosaur from Chile.[67]
- A tooth crown of apliosauridbelonging to the subfamilyBrachaucheninaeis described from theCenomanianLa Luna Formation (Venezuela) by Bastiaanset al.(2021), representing the most recent record of a pliosaurid from South America reported to date.[68]
- A study aiming to reconstruct the musculature of limbs ofCryptocliduseurymerusis published by Krahl & Witzel (2021).[69]
- A study on the postcranial materials ofxenopsarianplesiosaurs from theEromanga Basin(Australia), aiming to determine the utility of vertebral analysis for differentiating and/or grouping Australian plesiosaur specimens, is published by Vakil, Webb & Cook (2021).[70]
- Marxet al.(2021) describe a new specimen ofCardiocoraxmukulufrom the Maastrichtian Mocuio Formation (Angola), including the most complete plesiosaur skull from sub-Saharan Africa reported to date, and evaluate the implications of this specimen for the knowledge of the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of this plesiosaur.[71]
- Redescription of the anatomy of the skull ofThalassomedonhaningtoni,and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species, is published by Sachset al.(2021).[72]
- Description of one of the earliest quarried elasmosaurid specimens from theCampanian–Maastrichtian strata ofAntarctica,identified as a non-aristonectineelasmosaurid belonging to the groupWeddellonectia,and a study on the evolution of dorsal vertebral count in members of Weddellonectia, is published by O’Gorman, Aspromonte & Reguero (2021).[73]
- New information of the skeletal anatomy ofAlexandronecteszealandiensisis provided by O'Gormanet al.(2021).[74]
- The most complete specimen ofKawanecteslafquenianumreported to date, providing new information on the anatomy of this plesiosaur, is described by O’Gorman (2021).[75]
- Taleviet al.(2021) describe a pathological cervical vertebra of a plesiosaur from theMaastrichtianofArgentina,and interpret this finding as the first record of tuberculosis-like infection in a plesiosaur reported to date.[76]
Turtles[edit]
New taxa[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hirayamaet al. |
||||||
| Akoranemys[77] | Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Pérez-García | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |  Madagascar
|
A member of the familyBothremydidaebelonging to the tribe Bothremydini and subtribe Bothremydina. Genus includes new speciesA. madagasika. | ||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Pérez-García |
A member of the familyPodocnemididaebelonging to the subfamilyErymnochelyinae.The type species is"Podocnemis" aegyptiacaAndrews (1900). |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Agnolin |
Middle Pleistocene |
A tortoise, a species ofChelonoidis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
In press |
Maniel, de la Fuente & Canale |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
A member of the familyBothremydidaebelonging to the tribeCearachelyini.Genus includes new speciesE. pritchardi. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
De Lapparent de Broin, Breton & Rioult |
A member of the familyPlesiochelyidae.Genus includes new speciesG. lennieri. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Bourque |
A member of the familyGeoemydidae.The type species isN. oglala. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Lysonet al. |
A member of the familyBaenidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Lyson, Petermann & Miller |
A soft-shelled turtle. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Adrianet al. |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
A member of the family Bothremydidae. The type species isP. appalachius. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
In press |
Pérez-Garcíaet al. |
Jurassic-Cretaceoustransition |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Joyceet al. |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A member ofPleurodirabelonging to the groupPelomedusoides.The type species isS. mailakavava. |
 | |||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Pérez-García |
A member of the family Podocnemididae belonging to the subfamily Erymnochelyinae. The type species is"Podocnemis" fajumensisAndrews (1903). |
 | ||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Lapparent de Broinet al. |
A member of the family Bothremydidae. The type species isS. ragei. |
|||||
| Yakemys[89] | Gen. et sp. nov | Tonget al. | Early Cretaceous | Phu Kradung Formation |  Thailand
|
A member ofMacrobaenidae.The type species isY. multiporcata. |  |
Research[edit]
- A study on the evolution of the organization and composition of the turtle shell is published by Cordero & Vlachos (2021).[90]
- A study on turtle forelimbmorphometrics,their relationship to habitat type, and their implications for the knowledge of habitat preferences of fossil turtles, is published by Dudgeonet al.(2021).[91]
- A study on the morphology of the skeleton ofChinlechelystenertesta,and on its implications for the knowledge of the origin of turtles, is published by Lichtig &Lucas(2021), who reject the interpretation ofEunotosaurusafricanusandPappochelysrosinaeasstem-turtles.[92]
- A study on thehistologyof thecarapaceand limb bones ofAraripemysbarretoi,and on the relation between shell microstructure and lifestyle of this turtle, is published by Senaet al.(2021).[93]
- Revision of the Cretaceous bothremydid"Polysternon"atlanticumis published by Pérez-García, Ortega & Murelaga (2021), who consider this taxon to be the senior synonym ofIberoccitanemysconvenarum,resulting in a new combinationIberoccitanemys atlanticum.[94]
- Reconstruction of the skull and neuroanatomical structures ofTartaruscolateodoriiis presented by Martín-Jiménez & Pérez-García (2021).[95]
- New fossil material ofStupendemysgeographicaandCaninemystridentatais described from the MioceneLa Victoria Formation(Colombia) by Cadenaet al.(2021), who reestablish the validity ofC. tridentataas a taxon distinct fromS. geographica,and evaluate the implications of the studied fossils for the knowledge of the changes in the shell and scutes during theontogenyinS. geographica.[96]
- Redescription and a study on the phylogenetic relationships ofUluopsuluopsis published by Rollot, Evers & Joyce (2021).[97]
- Redescription of the anatomy of the skull ofArundelemysdardeniis published by Evers, Rollot & Joyce (2021).[98]
- A study on the morphological variability in the shell ofPleurosternonbullockiiis published by Guerrero & Pérez-García (2021).[99]
- A study on the ontogenetic development ofPleurosternon bullockii,based on data from small specimens from theBerriasianPurbeck Limestone Group(United Kingdom), is published by Guerrero & Pérez-García (2021).[100]
- New fossil material ofPlesiochelysis described from the Upper Jurassic (Tithonian) of the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal) by Pérez-García & Ortega (2021), who also revise theOxfordianspecies"Hispaniachelys" prebeticaand transfer it to the genusPlesiochelys,making it the oldest representative of this genus reported to date.[101]
- Two specimens ofthalassochelydianturtles, including a partial hindlimb with well-preserved remains of skin and a large, articulated skeleton ofThalassemysbruntrutana,documenting the presence of particularly elongate forelimbs in this turtle, are described from the Upper Jurassic ofGermanyby Joyce, Mäuser & Evers (2021), who interpret these specimens as providing evidence of presence of highly keratinized and partially stiffened flippers in some Late Jurassic turtles, structurally similar to those of extantsea turtles.[102]
- A study on the skeletal anatomy ofManchurochelysmanchoukuoensis,based on data from a new specimens from the Lower CretaceousYixian Formation(China), is published by Li, Zhou & Rabi (2021).[103]
- A large, thick-shelled turtle egg, preserving an embryo of ananhsiungchelyidpossibly belonging to the speciesYuchelysnanyangensis,is described from the Upper CretaceousXiaguan Formation(China) by Keet al.(2021).[104]
- An upper Miocene to lower Pliocenecarettochelyidfossil, representing the southernmost record of this group reported to date, is described from Beaumaris (Victoria,Australia) by Ruleet al.(2021), who interpret this finding and a discontinuous record of soft-shell turtles in the Cenozoic of Queensland as evidence of at least two colonizations of Australia byTrionychia,pre-dating the extantpig-nosed turtle.[105]
- Georgalis (2021) describes a large costal of a soft-shelled turtle from theEoceneofMali,representing the first record ofpan-trionychidturtles from thePaleogeneof Africa reported to date.[106]
- New specimens of thetortoisesHadrianusmajusculusandH. corsoniandgeoemydidsEchmatemyshaydeniandE. naomi,including skull and juvenile material, and providing new information on the morphology, intraspecific variation and ontogeny of these turtles, are described from theEoceneWillwood FormationandGreen River Formation(Wyoming,United States) by Lichtig, Lucas & Jasinski (2021).[107]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships of Eocene geoemydids"Ocadia" kehreriand"Ocadia" messelianafrom theMessel pit(Germany) is published by Ascarrunz, Claude & Joyce (2021).[108]
- Description of new fossil material ofBridgeremyspusillafrom theUinta Formation(Utah,United States), and a study on the differences in morphology of the shell and likely ecology ofB. pusillaand two coeval species ofEchmatemys,is published by Adrianet al.(2021).[109]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the tortoiseChelonoidis alburyorumfromThe Bahamas,based on data from nearly complete mitochondrial genomes, is published by Kehlmaieret al.(2021).[110]
- A study on the identity of the type material ofCentrochelys atlantica,based on data from ancient DNA, is published by Kehlmaieret al.(2021), who identify this material as belonging to a specimen of thered-footed tortoise,leaving the Quaternary tortoise known from fossils excavated on theSal Islandin the 1930s without a scientific name.[111]
- A well-preservedhumerusa of giant turtle, representing the first known record of giganticMesozoicsea turtles in Africa, is described from theMaastrichtianDakhla Formation(Egypt) by Abu El-Kheir, AbdelGawad & Kassab (2021).[112]
- New specimen ofEuclasteswielandiis described from the Paleocene (Danian)Hornerstown Formation(New Jersey,United States) by Ullmann & Carr (2021), who interpret this specimen as proving thatE. wielandiis asenior synonymofCatapleura repanda,and study the phylogenetic relationships ofE. wielandi.[113]
- A hard-shelled sea turtle specimen, preserved with vestigial soft tissues and likely with incompletely healed bite marks inflicted by a crocodylian or another large-sized seagoing tetrapod, is described from the Eocene (Ypresian)Fur Formation(Denmark) by De La Garzaet al.(2021).[114]
Archosauriformes[edit]
Archosaurs[edit]
Other archosauriforms[edit]
New taxa[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ezcurra, Bandyopadhyay & Gower |
A member of the familyErythrosuchidae.The type species isB. tapani. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Dalla Vecchia |
Middle Triassic (Anisian) |
A member ofArchosauriformesof uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly abasalarchosauriform, basalphytosauror asuchianarchosaur. The type species isH. boboi. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Yáñezet al. |
Late Triassic |
An archosauriform (possibly an archosaur) of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species isI. longicollum. |
 | |||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Nesbittet al. |
A dome-headed archosauriform closely related toTriopticus,with which it forms the new cladeProtopyknosia.The type species isK. kuttyi. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Heckertet al. |
A short-faced archosauriform of uncertain affinity, possibly an early-divergingcrocodylomorph.The type species isS. sucherorum. |
Research[edit]
- A study on thefemoralshape variation and on the relationship between femoral morphology and locomotor habits in early archosaurs and non-archosaur archosauriforms is published by Pintoreet al.(2021).[120]
- Fossil material of a member of the genusDoswelliabelonging or related to the speciesD. kaltenbachiis described from the Upper TriassicChinle Formation(Arizona,United States) by Parkeret al.(2021), who interpret this finding as evidence of biogeographic links between the vertebrate assemblage from the Chinle Formation and other Late Triassic assemblages fromTexasandVirginia.[121]
- A study on bonehistologyofproterochampsidspecimens from the TriassicChañares Formation(Argentina), aiming to infer history traits related to growth dynamics,ontogeneticchanges, dermal armorhistogenesisand lifestyle, is published by Ponceet al.(2021).[122]
- A largephytosaurspecimen likely belonging to the speciesSmilosuchusgregorii,preserved with evidence of pathologies evoking aspects of bothosteomyelitisandhypertrophic osteopathy,is described fromNorianstrata near St. Johns (Arizona,United States) by Heckert, Viner & Carrano (2021).[123]
- A study on theenamelmicrostructure of phytosaur teeth from western and eastern North American localities, evaluating their implications for the knowledge ofbiogeographicdistributions and ecology of phytosaurs, is published by Hoffman, Miller-Camp & Heckert (2021).[124]
Other reptiles[edit]
New taxa[edit]
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Matamales-Andreuet al. |
Amoradisaurinecaptorhinid.Genus includes new speciesB. bombardensis. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Roweet al. |
Permian (Cisuralian) |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ezcurraet al. |
Arhynchosaur.Genus includes new speciesE. carrolli. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Cisneroset al. |
A member of the familyAcleistorhinidae.Genus includes new speciesK. fortunata. |
|||||
| Mengshanosaurus[129] | Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Menget al. | Early Cretaceous(Berriasian-Valanginian) | Mengyin Formation | China
|
Achoristoderebelonging toNeochoristodera,the type species isM. minimus. | |
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Chambi-Trowellet al. |
Late Triassic (Norian) |
An early eusphenodontianrhynchocephalian.Genus includes new speciesM. bonapartei. |
 | |||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Pinheiro, Silva-Neves & Da-Rosa |
Aprocolophonidparareptile.Genus includes new speciesO. insolitus. |
|||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Albright, Sumida & Jung |
Early Permian |
A captorhinid. Genus includes"Captorhinikos"parvusOlson (1970). |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Villaet al. |
Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) |
A rhynchocephalian belonging to the familySphenodontidae.The type species isS. velserae. |
 | |||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Sobral,Sues& Schoch |
Adiapsidreptile of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new speciesS. mohli. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Martínezet al. |
Late Triassic |
Astem-lepidosaur.Genus includes new speciesT. alcoberi. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Apesteguía, Garberoglio & Gómez |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
Asphenodontinesphenodontid.Genus includes new speciesT. giacchinoi. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Kligmanet al. |
Late Triassic (Norian) |
A rhynchocephalian belonging to the groupOpisthodontia.Genus includes new speciesT. purgatorii. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Sues& Kligman |
Late Triassic(Carnian) |
Vinita Formation |
A member ofLepidosauromorpha.Genus includes new speciesV. lizae. |
Research[edit]
- Revision of putativeCarboniferousreptile tracks, evaluating their implications for the knowledge of the evolution of locomotor capabilities of putative trackmakers and of the biogeography of the earliest reptiles, is published by Marchettiet al.(2021), who interpretHylopushardingias tracks probably produced by anamniotereptiliomorphs.[139]
- Footprints of early reptiles, including footprints representing the ichnotaxonNotalacertamissouriensisand footprints possibly belonging to the ichnogenusNotalacerta,are described from theMeisenheim,Tambach,SulzbachandStandenbühlformations (PennsylvanianandCisuralian,Germany) by Marchettiet al.(2021), potentially extending the European record of the ichnogenusNotalacertaback to theMoscovian.[140]
- Revision of diagnostic characters used to identifymesosaurspecies is published by Piñeiroet al.(2021), who report that they could not find unambiguousautapomorphiesthat characterizedBrazilosaurusorStereosternum.[141]
- Redescription of theholotypeand description of the second known specimen ofEudibamuscursoris,providing new information on the skeletal anatomy and locomotor abilities of this reptile, is published by Bermanet al.(2021).[142]
- A study on the anatomy of the skull ofNochelesaurusalexanderiis published by Van den Brandtet al.(2021).[143]
- A study on the anatomy of the postcranial skeletons ofBradysaurusbaini,EmbrithosaurusschwarziandNochelesaurus alexanderiis published by van den Brandtet al.(2021).[144]
- A study on the skeletal anatomy and phylogenetic relationships ofProvelosaurusamericanus,based on data from new fossils and a review of the previously described material, is published by Cisneros, Dentzien-Dias & Francischini (2021).[145]
- Romanoet al.(2021) provide a body mass estimate ofScutosauruskarpinskii.[146]
- Tetrapodfootprints assigned to theichnogenusHyloidichnus,produced bycaptorhinidsor similar reptiles and providing new information on the locomotion of these reptiles, are described from thePermianPelitic Formation of Gonfaron (Le Luc Basin,Var,France) by Loggheet al.(2021).[147]
- Description of a new specimen ofAnthracodromeuslongipesfrom theCarboniferousAllegheny Group(Ohio,United States), preserving anungual-bearingmanusandpedes,and a study on the locomotor ecology of this reptile is published by Mannet al.(2021).[148]
- Partialiliumof a non-archosauromorphneodiapsidreptile is described from the upperPanchet Formation(India) by Ezcurra, Bandyopadhyay & Sen (2021), expanding known diversity ofEarly Triassicreptiles from this formation.[149]
- A study on the skeletal anatomy, gliding apparatus and phylogenetic relationships ofWeigeltisaurusjaekeli,based on data from a nearly complete skeleton from the Upper PermianKupferschiefer(Germany), is published by Pritchardet al.(2021).[150]
- Redescription of the anatomy of the skull ofCoelurosauravuselivensisis published by Buffaet al.(2021).[151]
- A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships ofPaliguanawhiteiis published by Fordet al.(2021).[152]
- A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships ofMarmorettaoxoniensisis published by Griffithset al.(2021).[153]
- Putativechoristoderanmaxillafrom theBathonianPeski locality (Moskvoretskaya Formation;Moscow Oblast,Russia) is reinterpreted as a fossil a member ofLepidosauromorphasimilar toFraxinisauraandMarmorettaby Skutschaset al.(2021), who interpret this specimens as the first known record ofbasallepidosauromorphs in theMiddle Jurassicof European Russia.[154]
- Choristoderan vertebrae, representing the first record of choristoderans from the Upper Cretaceous of Asia reported to date, are described from theTuronianTamagawa Formation (Japan) by Matsumotoet al.(2021).[155]
- New fossil material ofneochoristoderes,representing the first known record of this group from the Atlantic coastal plain, is described from the latest Cretaceous of theNavesink Formationand theEllisdale Fossil Site(New Jersey,United States) by Dudgeonet al.(2021), who also attempt to determine possible causes of the apparent rarity of neochoristoderes inAppalachia.[156]
- A study comparing cervical morphology and neck mobility inChampsosaurus,Simoedosaurusand extantgharial,and evaluating their implications for the knowledge of the feeding behaviour of choristoderans, is published by Matsumoto, Fujiwara &Evans(2021).[157]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships ofarchosauromorphreptiles, aiming to determine the relationships of "protorosaurs",is published by Spiekman,Fraser& Scheyer (2021), who name a new cladeDinocephalosauridae.[158]
- A study on the evolution of the morphological diversity of late Permian to Late Jurassic archosauromorph reptiles is published by Foth, Sookias & Ezcurra (2021).[159]
- A study on the evolution of body size of archosauromorph reptiles during the first 90 million years of their evolutionary history is published by Pradelli, Leardi & Ezcurra (2021).[160]
- Revision and a study on the phylogenetic affinities ofMalerisaurusis published by Nesbittet al.(2021), who interpret this reptile as an early diverging, but late-surviving, carnivorous member ofAzendohsauridae.[161]
- Revision and a study on the phylogenetic relationships ofEifelosaurustriadicusis published by Sues, Ezcurra & Schoch (2021).[162]
- A study on patterns of neurocentral suture closure in the vertebrae ofhyperodapedontinerhynchosaurs during theirontogeny,evaluating their implications for the knowledge of the evolution of patterns of neurocentral suture closure inarchosauromorphreptiles and most likely ancestral condition inarchosaurs,is published by Heinrichet al.(2021).[163]
- A study on the anatomy of the skull of theholotypespecimen ofHyperodapedonsanjuanensisis published by Gentil &Ezcurra(2021).[164]
Reptiles in general[edit]
- A study comparing species richness of synapsids and reptiles during thePennsylvanianandCisuralian,evaluating the impact of the preservation biases, of the effect ofLagerstätten,and of contested phylogenetic placement of late Carboniferous and early Permian tetrapods on estimates of relative diversity patterns of synapsids and reptiles, is published by Brocklehurst (2021), who interprets his findings as challenging the assumption that synapsids dominated during the Pennsylvanian and Cisuralian.[165]
- A study on the evolution of the feeding apparatus in earlyamniotes,aiming to quantify variation in evolutionary rates and constraints during early diversification of amniotes, is published by Brocklehurst & Benson (2021).[166]
- A study comparing the morphology of the maxillary canal ofHeleosaurusscholtzi,Varanosaurusacutrostris,OrovenatormayorumandProlacertabroomi,and evaluating the implications of the morphology of the maxillary canal for the knowledge of the phylogenetic placement ofvaranopids,is published by Benoitet al.(2021).[167]
- Fischer, Weis & Thuy (2021) describe new ichthyosaur and plesiosaur fossils from successive geological formations inBelgiumandLuxembourgspanning the Lower–Middle Jurassic transition, and evaluate the implications of these fossils for the knowledge of the evolution of marine reptile assemblages across the Early–Middle Jurassic transition.[168]
- A study on rates of morphological evolution in the evolutionary history of squamates and rhynchocephalians is published by Herrera-Floreset al.(2021).[169]
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- ^Kato, T.; Nakajima, Y.; Shiseki, K.; Ando, H. (2021). "Advanced mosasaurs from the Upper Cretaceous Nakaminato Group in Japan".Island Arc.30(1). e12431.Bibcode:2021IsArc..30E2431K.doi:10.1111/iar.12431.S2CID240303333.
- ^Van Vranken, N. E.; Boyd, C. A. (2021)."The firstin situcollection of a mosasaurine from the marine Breien Member of the Hell Creek Formation in south-central North Dakota, USA ".PaleoBios.38:ucmp_paleobios_54460.
- ^Klein, C. G.; Pisani, D.; Field, D. J.; Lakin, R.; Wills, M. A.; Longrich, N. R. (2021)."Evolution and dispersal of snakes across the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction".Nature Communications.12(1): Article number 5335.Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.5335K.doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25136-y.PMC8440539.PMID34521829.
- ^Georgalis, G. L.; Guinot, G.; Kassegne, K. E.; Amoudji, Y. Z.; Johnson, A. K. C.; Cappetta, H.; Hautier, L. (2021)."An assemblage of giant aquatic snakes (Serpentes, Palaeophiidae) from the Eocene of Togo".Swiss Journal of Palaeontology.140(1): Article 20.Bibcode:2021SwJP..140...20G.doi:10.1186/s13358-021-00236-w.
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