October 25
Appearance
(Redirected from25 October)
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October 25 in recent years |
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October 25is the 298th day of the year (299th inleap years) in theGregorian calendar;67 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 285or286– Execution ofSaints Crispin and Crispinianduring the reign of Diocletian, now the patron saints of leather workers, curriers, and shoemakers.
- 473– EmperorLeo Iacclaims his grandsonLeo IIasCaesarof the East Roman Empire.
- 1147– Seljuk Turks defeat German crusaders under Conrad III at theBattle of Dorylaeum.
- 1147 –Reconquista:After asiege of four months,crusader knights conquer Lisbon.
- 1415– Hundred Years' War: Henry V of England, with his lightly armoured infantry and archers, defeats the heavily armoured French cavalry in theBattle of Agincourt.
1601–1900
[edit]- 1616– Dutch sea-captainDirk Hartogmakes the second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, at the later-named Dirk Hartog Island off the West Australian coast.
- 1747– War of the Austrian Succession: A British fleet under Admiral Edward Hawke defeats the French at theSecond Battle of Cape Finisterre.
- 1760– KingGeorge IIIsucceeds to the British throne on the death of his grandfatherGeorge II.[1]
- 1809–Golden Jubilee of George IIIis celebrated in Britain as he begins the fiftieth year of his reign.[2]
- 1812– War of 1812: The American frigate,USSUnited States,commanded by Stephen Decatur,capturesthe British frigateHMSMacedonian.
- 1822– Greek War of Independence: TheFirst Siege of Missolonghibegins.
- 1854– TheBattle of Balaclavatakes place during the Crimean War. It is soon memorialized in verse asThe Charge of the Light Brigade.
- 1861– TheToronto Stock Exchangeis created.
- 1868– TheUspenski Cathedral,designed byAleksey Gornostayev,is inaugurated inHelsinki, Finland.[3]
- 1875–Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky’sPiano Concerto No. 1 in B♭ minor, Op. 23premieres inBoston,Massachusetts,withBenjamin Johnson Langas conductor andHans von Bülowas soloist.[4]
1901–present
[edit]- 1911– TheXinhai Revolutionspreads toGuangzhou,where theQinggeneral Feng-shan is assassinated by theChinese Assassination Corps.[5]
- 1917–Old Style dateof theOctober Revolutionin Russia.
- 1920– After 74 days on hunger strike in Brixton Prison, England, the Sinn Féin Lord Mayor of Cork,Terence MacSwineydies.
- 1924– TheZinoviev letter,which Zinoviev himself denied writing, is published in theDaily Mail;the Labour party would later blame this letter for the Conservatives' landslide election win four days later.
- 1927– The Italian luxury linerSSPrincipessa Mafaldasinks off the coast of Brazil, killing 314.
- 1932–George Lansburybecame the leader of the opposition BritishLabour Party.[6]
- 1940–Benjamin O. Davis Sr.is named the first African American general in the United States Army.
- 1944–World War II:Heinrich Himmler orders a crackdown on theEdelweiss Pirates,a loosely organized youth culture in Nazi Germany that had assisted army deserters and others to hide from the Third Reich.
- 1944 – World War II: TheUSSTangunder Richard O'Kane (the top American submarine ace of the war) is sunk by the ship's own malfunctioning torpedo.
- 1944 – World War II: The final attempt of the Imperial Japanese Navy to win the war climaxes at theBattle of Leyte Gulf.
- 1945– Fifty years of Japanese administration ofTaiwanformally endswhen theRepublic of Chinaassumes control.
- 1949– TheBattle of Guningtouin the Taiwan Strait begins.
- 1962–Cuban Missile Crisis:Adlai Stevensonshows the United Nations Security Council reconnaissance photographs of Soviet ballistic missiles in Cuba.
- 1968– AFairchild F-27crashesintoMoose Mountainwhile on approach toLebanon Municipal AirportinLebanon, New Hampshire,killing 32 people.[7]
- 1971– ThePeople's Republic of ChinareplacestheRepublic of Chinaat the United Nations.
- 1973– Egypt and Israel acceptUnited Nations Security Council Resolution 339.
- 1980– Proceedings on theHague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abductionconclude.
- 1983– The United States and its Caribbean alliesinvade Grenada,six days after Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and several of his supporters are executed in acoup d'état.
- 1990– TheKazakh Soviet Socialist Republicdeclares its sovereignty from theSoviet Union.[8]
- 1995–A commuter train slams into a school busin Fox River Grove, Illinois, killing seven students.
- 1997– After acivil war,Denis Sassou Nguesso proclaims himself President of the Republic of the Congo.
- 1999– ALearjet 35crashesinMinanearAberdeen, South Dakota,killing all six people on board, including PGA golferPayne Stewartand golf course designerBruce Borland.[9]
- 2001–MicrosoftreleasesWindows XP,which becomes one of Microsoft's most successful operating systems.[10]
- 2009– TheOctober 2009 Baghdad bombingskill 155 and wound at least 721.
- 2010–Mount MerapiinIndonesiabegins amonth-long series of violent eruptionsthat kill 353 people and cause the evacuation of another 350,000 people.[11]
- 2010 – Amagnitude 7.8 earthquakestrikes off Indonesia'sMentawai Islands,triggering atsunamithat kills at least 400 people.[12]
- 2023–A mass shootingoccurs in two locations inLewiston, Maine.18 people are killed and 13 more injured.[13]
Births
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 840–Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar,founder of theSaffarid dynasty(d. 879)
- 1102–William Clito,French son ofSybilla of Conversano(d. 1128)
- 1330–Louis II, Count of Flanders,(d. 1384)
- 1453–Giuliano de' Medici(d. 1478)[14]
- 1510–Renée of France(d. 1574)[15]
- 1574–François de Sourdis,French Catholic prelate (d. 1628)
- 1589–Jan Stanisław Sapieha,Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. 1635)
1601–1900
[edit]- 1612–James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose,Scottish soldier (d. 1650)
- 1667–Louis Frederick I,Prince ofSchwarzburg-Rudolstadt(d. 1718)
- 1683–Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton,English-Irish politician,Lord Lieutenant of Ireland(d. 1757)
- 1692–Elisabeth Farnese,Queen of Spain(d. 1766)
- 1709–Georg Gebel,German organist and composer (d. 1753)
- 1714–James Burnett, Lord Monboddo,Scottish judge (d. 1799)
- 1736–Thomas Mullins, 1st Baron Ventry,Anglo-Irish politician and peer (d. 1824)
- 1743–Friedrich Karl August,Prince ofWaldeck and Pyrmont(d. 1812)
- 1749–Erik Magnus Staël von Holstein,Swedish chamberlain (d. 1802)
- 1754–Richard Howell,3rdGovernor of New Jersey(d. 1802)
- 1755–François Joseph Lefebvre,French military commander (d. 1820)
- 1757–Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein,Prussian statesman (d. 1831)
- 1759–Maria Feodorovna,Russian wife ofPaul I of Russia(d. 1828)
- 1759 –William Grenville,English academic and politician,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom(d. 1834)
- 1760–Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren,German historian (d. 1842)
- 1767–Benjamin Constant,Swiss-French philosopher and politician (d. 1830)
- 1768–Frederick William,ruler ofNassau-Weilburg(d. 1816)
- 1772–Victoire de Donnissan de La Rochejaquelein,French memoirist (d. 1857)
- 1772 –Géraud Duroc,French general and diplomat (d. 1813)
- 1779–Pedro Velarde y Santillán,Spanish artillery captain (d. 1808)
- 1781–Friedrich von Berchtold,Bohemian physician and botanist (d. 1876)
- 1782–Levi Lincoln Jr.,American lawyer and politician, 13thGovernor of Massachusetts(d. 1868)
- 1789–Carlos María de Alvear,Argentine soldier and statesman (d. 1852)
- 1789 –Heinrich Schwabe,German astronomer (d. 1875)
- 1790–Robert Stirling,Scottish clergyman and inventor (d. 1878)
- 1792–Jeanne Jugan,French nun (d. 1879)
- 1795–John P. Kennedy,American novelist and Whig politician (d. 1870)
- 1800–Maria Jane Jewsbury,English writer, poet, literary reviewer (d. 1833)[16]
- 1800 –Thomas Babington Macaulay,English poet, historian, and politician,Secretary at War(d. 1859)
- 1800 –Jacques Paul Migne,French priest (d. 1875)
- 1800 –Julius von Mohl,German orientalist (d. 1876)
- 1802–Richard Parkes Bonington,English painter (d. 1828)
- 1802 –Joseph Montferrand,Canadian logger and strongman (d. 1864)
- 1803–Maria Doolaeghe,Flemish novelist (d. 1884)[17]
- 1806–Max Stirner,German philosopher and author (d. 1856)
- 1811–Évariste Galois,French mathematician and theorist (d. 1832)
- 1814–Prince Louis,Duke of Nemours(d. 1896)
- 1815–Camillo Sivori,Italian virtuoso violinist and composer (d. 1894)
- 1819–Christian August Friedrich Garcke,German botanist (d. 1904)
- 1821–Antonio Ciseri,Swiss-Italian painter (d. 1891)
- 1825–Johann Strauss II,Austrian composer and educator (d. 1899)
- 1825 –Johann Friedrich Julius Schmidt,German astronomer and geophysicist (d. 1884)
- 1827–Marcellin Berthelot,French chemist and politician (d. 1907)
- 1832–Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia(d. 1909)
- 1838–Georges Bizet,French pianist and composer (d. 1875)
- 1838 –James Maybrick,English cotton merchant, victim of the "Aigburth Poisoning" (d. 1889)
- 1844–Philip Wicksteed,English economist (d. 1927)
- 1848–Carlo Emery,Italian entomologist (d. 1925)
- 1848 –Karl Emil Franzos,Austrian novelist (d. 1904)
- 1852–Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak,Russian author (d. 1912)
- 1853–Karl August Otto Hoffmann,German botanist (d. 1909)
- 1856–Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger,Croatian geologist, paleontologist, and archaeologist (d. 1936)
- 1858–Take Ionescu,Romanian politician, diplomat, journalist and lawyer (d. 1922)
- 1864–John Francis Dodge,American businessman, co-founded theDodge Company(d. 1920)
- 1864 –Alexander Gretchaninov,Russian-American pianist and composer (d. 1956)
- 1864 –Toktogul Satylganov,KyrgyzAkyn,poet and singer (d. 1933)
- 1866–Thomas Armat,American mechanic and inventor (d. 1948)
- 1866 –Norbert Klein,Bishop of Brno(d. 1933)
- 1866 –Georg Schumann,German composer (d. 1952)
- 1867–Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki,Polish general (d. 1937)
- 1868–Dan Burke,American baseball player (d. 1933)
- 1868 –Oskar Kallas,Estonian linguist and diplomat (d. 1946)
- 1874–Emma Gramatica,Italian actress (d. 1965)
- 1874 –Victor Sonnemans,Belgian water polo player (d. 1962)
- 1874 –Huang Xing,Chinese revolutionary leader and statesman (d. 1916)
- 1875–Carolyn Sherwin Bailey,American author and educator (d. 1961)[18]
- 1875 –Arthur Birkett,British cricketer (d. 1941)
- 1877–Adolf Moller,German rower (d. 1968)
- 1877 –Henry Norris Russell,American astronomer (d. 1957)
- 1879–Fritz Haarmann,German serial killer (d. 1925)
- 1880–Bohumír Šmeral,Czech politician (d. 1941)
- 1881–Pablo Picasso,Spanish painter and sculptor (d. 1973)
- 1882–John T. Flynn,American journalist and author (d. 1964)
- 1882 –Tony Jackson,American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1921)
- 1882 –André-Damien-Ferdinand Jullien,French Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (d. 1964)
- 1882 –Theodora Agnes Peck,American author and poet (d. 1964)[19]
- 1883–Nikolay Krestinsky,Russian revolutionary and politician (d. 1938)
- 1884–Maria Czaplicka,Polish cultural anthropologist (d. 1921)
- 1885–Sam M. Lewis,American singer and lyricist (d. 1959)
- 1885 –Xavier Lesage,French equestrian (d. 1968)
- 1886–Leo G. Carroll,English-American actor (d. 1972)
- 1886 –Karl Polanyi,Austro-Hungarian economist and historian (d. 1964)
- 1887–Alexander McCulloch,British rower (d. 1951)
- 1888–Richard E. Byrd,American admiral and pilot (d. 1957)
- 1888 –Nils Dardel,Swedish-American painter (d. 1943)
- 1888 –Jan Palouš,Czechoslovak ice hockey player (d. 1971)
- 1888 –Léon Tom,Belgian fencer and bobsledder
- 1889–Abel Gance,French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1981)
- 1890–Floyd Bennett,American aviator (d. 1928)
- 1890 –Kōtarō Tanaka,Japanese jurist and politician (d. 1974)
- 1891–Charles Coughlin,Canadian-American priest and radio host (d. 1979)
- 1891 –Karl Elmendorff,German conductor (d. 1962)
- 1892–Nell Shipman,Canadian-American actress, screenwriter, and producer (d. 1970)
- 1894–Claude Cahun,French photographer and sculptor (d. 1954)
- 1894 –Âşık Veysel Şatıroğlu,Turkish poet and songwriter (d. 1973)
- 1894 –Johan Wilhelm Rangell,Prime Minister of Finland(d. 1982)
- 1895–Levi Eshkol,Ukrainian-Israeli soldier and politician, 3rdPrime Minister of Israel(d. 1969)
- 1895 –Vsevolod Merkulov,Russian head of theNKGB(d. 1953)
- 1895 –Arthur Schmidt,German officer (d. 1987)
- 1896–Nils Backlund,Swedish water polo player (d. 1964)
- 1897–Erwin von Lahousen,GermanAbwehrofficial (d. 1955)
- 1897 –Karl Olivecrona,Swedish lawyer and philosopher (d. 1980)
- 1897 –Luigi Pavese,Italian actor (d. 1969)
- 1898–Karl Anton,German director, screenwriter and producer (d. 1979)
- 1899–Armand Thirard,French cinematographer (d. 1973)
- 1900–Johan Greter,Dutch equestrian (d. 1975)
- 1900 –Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti,Nigerian educator and activist (d. 1978)[20]
- 1900 –William Stevenson,American track and fielder (d. 1985)
1901–present
[edit]- 1901–Roy Fox,British dance bandleader (d. 1982)[21]
- 1902–Henry Steele Commager,American historian and author (d. 1998)
- 1902 –Carlo Gnocchi,Italian priest, educator and writer (d. 1956)
- 1902 –Eddie Lang,American jazz guitarist (d. 1933)
- 1903–Piet van der Horst,Dutch cyclist (d. 1983)
- 1904–Cemal Reşit Rey,Turkish pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1985)
- 1904 –Denny Shute,American golfer (d. 1974)
- 1904 –Bill Tytla,Ukrainian-American animator (d. 1968)
- 1905–Bob McPhail,Scottish footballer (d. 2000)
- 1906–Karl Humenberger,Austrian footballer (d. 1989)
- 1908–Carmen Dillon,English film and production designer (d. 2000)
- 1908 –Gotthard Handrick,German fighter pilot and Olympic athlete (d. 1978)
- 1908 –Polly Ann Young,American actress (d. 1997)
- 1909–Whit Bissell,American actor (d. 1996)
- 1909 –Ken Domon,Japanese photographer (d. 1990)
- 1909 –Edward Flynn,American boxer (d. 1976)
- 1909 –Jean-Paul Le Chanois,French actor, director and screenwriter (d. 1985)
- 1910–William Higinbotham,American physicist and video game designer (d. 1994)
- 1910 –Johnny Mauro,American race car driver (d. 2003)
- 1910 –Tyrus Wong,Chinese-American artist (d. 2016)[22]
- 1912–Abdelkader Ben Bouali,French footballer (d. 1997)
- 1912 –Alfred Klingler,German field handballer
- 1912 –Minnie Pearl,American entertainer and philanthropist (d. 1996)[22]
- 1912 –Luigi Raimondi,Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (d. 1975)
- 1913–Klaus Barbie,German SS captain (d. 1991)
- 1913 –Anton Kochinyan,Soviet-Armenian politician (d. 1990)
- 1914–John Berryman,American poet and scholar (d. 1972)
- 1915–Ivan M. Niven,Canadian-American mathematician and academic (d. 1999)
- 1916–Helge Larsson,Swedish canoeist (d. 1971)
- 1917–Carl Forssell,Swedish fencer (d. 2005)
- 1917 –Dmitry Polyansky,First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union(d. 2001)
- 1918–David Ausubel,American psychologist (d. 2008)
- 1919–Beate Uhse-Rotermund,German pilot and entrepreneur (d. 2001)
- 1919 –Raoul Remy,French cyclist (d. 2002)
- 1920–Megan Taylor,British figure skater (d. 1993)
- 1921–Michael I of Romania(d. 2017)
- 1922–Gloria Lasso,Spanish singer (d. 2005)
- 1923–Achille Silvestrini,Italian prelate (d. 2019)
- 1923 –Beate Sirota Gordon,Austrian-American director and producer (d. 2012)
- 1923 –Bobby Thomson,Scottish-American baseball player (d. 2010)
- 1924–Billy Barty,American actor (d. 2000)
- 1924 –Earl Palmer,AmericanHall of Famedrummer (d. 2008)
- 1925–Oralia Dominguez,Mexican operatic mezzo-soprano singer (d. 2013)
- 1925 –Joseph Michel,Belgian politician (d. 2016)
- 1926–Bo Carpelan,Finnish poet and author (d. 2011)
- 1926 –Jimmy Heath,American saxophonist and composer (d. 2020)
- 1926 –Galina Vishnevskaya,Russian-American soprano and actress (d. 2012)
- 1927–Barbara Cook,American singer and actress (d. 2017)
- 1927 –Jorge Batlle Ibáñez,Uruguayan lawyer and politician, 32ndPresident of Uruguay(d. 2016)
- 1927 –Lawrence Kohlberg,American psychologist and author (d. 1987)[23]
- 1927 –Lauretta Masiero,Italian actress and singer (d. 2010)
- 1928–Jeanne Cooper,American actress (d. 2013)
- 1928 –Paulo Mendes da Rocha,Brazilian architect (d. 2021)
- 1928 –Anthony Franciosa,American actor (d. 2006)
- 1928 –Adolphe Gesché,Belgian Catholic priest and theologian (d. 2003)
- 1928 –Peter Naur,Danish computer scientist, astronomer, and academic (d. 2016)
- 1928 –Marion Ross,American actress[24]
- 1928 –Yakov Rylsky,Soviet sabre fencer (d. 1999)
- 1929–Michel Knuysen,Belgian rower (d. 2013)
- 1929 –Zdravko Milev,Bulgarian chess player (d. 1984)
- 1929 –Claude Rouer,French cyclist (d. 2021)
- 1929 –Peter Rühmkorf,German writer (d. 2008)
- 1930–Harold Brodkey,American author and academic (d. 1996)
- 1930 –Karoly Honfi,Hungarian chess player (d. 1996)
- 1931–Annie Girardot,French actress and singer (d. 2011)
- 1931 –Jimmy McIlroy,Northern Irish footballer and manager (d. 2018)
- 1932–Vitold Fokin,Ukrainian first deputy prime minister
- 1932 –Jerzy Pawłowski,Polish fencer and double agent (d. 2005)
- 1932 –Theodor Pištěk,Czech costume designer
- 1933–René Brodmann,Swiss footballer (d. 2000)
- 1933 –Martti Mansikka,Finnish gymnast (d. 2024)
- 1934–Carlos Sherman,Belarusian–Spanish translator, writer, activist (d. 2005)
- 1935–Rusty Schweickart,American soldier, pilot, and astronaut
- 1936–Martin Gilbert,English historian, author, and academic (d. 2015)
- 1936 –Arnfinn Nesset,Norwegian nurse and convicted serial killer
- 1936 –Masako Nozawa,Japanese actress and singer
- 1937–Vendramino Bariviera,Italian cyclist (d. 2001)
- 1937 –Ignacio Carrasco de Paula,Spanish prelate
- 1937 –Roberto Menescal,Brazilian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
- 1938–Bob Webster,American diver
- 1939–Zelmo Beaty,American basketball player and coach (d. 2013)
- 1939 –Sara Dylan,American actress and model
- 1939 –Nikolay Kiselyov,Soviet Nordic combined athlete (d. 2005)
- 1939 –Nikos Nikolaidis,Greek director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2007)
- 1939 –Dave Simmonds,British motorcycle racer (d. 1972)
- 1939 –Robin Spry,Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2005)
- 1940–Jimmy Herman,Canadian actor (d. 2013)
- 1940 –Bob Knight,American basketball player and coach (d. 2023)[25]
- 1941–Lynda Benglis,American sculptor and painter
- 1941 –Helen Reddy,Australian-American singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2020)[22]
- 1941 –Gordon Tootoosis,Aboriginal Canadian actor (d. 2011)[26]
- 1941 –Anne Tyler,American author and critic[22]
- 1941 –Dave Weill,American discus thrower
- 1942–Terumasa Hino,Japanese jazz trumpeter
- 1942 –Gloria Katz,American screenwriter and producer (d. 2018)
- 1942 –Franklin Loufrani,French President of the Smiley Company
- 1943–Orso Maria Guerrini,Italian actor
- 1943 –Roy Lynes,English keyboardist and singer
- 1944–Azizan Abdul Razak,Malaysian politician, 10thMenteri Besar of Kedah(d. 2013)
- 1944 –Jon Anderson,English singer-songwriter and guitarist[24]
- 1944 –James Carville,American lawyer and political consultant[22]
- 1944 –Donald Ford,Scottish footballer
- 1944 –Fred Housego,Scottish-English taxi driver and game show host
- 1944 –Kati Kovács,Hungarian singer-songwriter and actress
- 1944 –Ren Zhengfei,Chinese businessman
- 1945–Peter Ledger,Australian-American painter and illustrator (d. 1994)
- 1945 –Yuriy Meshkov,Ukrainian politician and Russian separatist (d. 2019)
- 1945 –Krzysztof Piesiewicz,Polish lawyer, screenwriter and politician
- 1945 –Francisco Sá,Argentine footballer
- 1945 –Phil Volk,American musician, singer-songwriter, and record producer
- 1945 –David S. Ward,American director and screenwriter
- 1945 –Keaton Yamada,Japanese voice actor
- 1946–Elías Figueroa,Chilean footballer
- 1946 –Peter Lieberson,American composer (d. 2011)
- 1947–Requena Nozal,Spanish artist
- 1947 –Glenn Tipton,English singer-songwriter and guitarist[24]
- 1948–Dave Cowens,American basketball player and coach[22]
- 1948 –Dan Gable,American wrestler and coach[22]
- 1948 –Dan Issel,American basketball player and coach
- 1948 –Sigleif Johansen,Norwegian biathlete
- 1949–Réjean Houle,Canadian ice hockey player and manager
- 1949 –Walter Hyatt,American singer-songwriter (d. 1996)
- 1949 –Brian Kerwin,American actor[24]
- 1949 –Wilfried Louis,Haitian footballer
- 1950–Anne Alvaro,French actress
- 1950 –Fernando Arêas Rifan,Brazilian bishop
- 1950 –Roger Davies,English footballer
- 1950 –John Matuszak,American footballer (d. 1989)
- 1950 –Francisco Oscar Lamolina,Argentine football referee
- 1950 –Chris Norman,English singer-songwriter
- 1951–Richard Lloyd,American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1952–Samir Geagea,Lebanese commander and politician
- 1952 –Wendy Hall,English computer scientist, mathematician, and academic
- 1952 –Ioannis Kyrastas,Greek footballer and manager (d. 2004)
- 1952 –Tove Nilsen,Norwegian author
- 1953–Daniele Bagnoli,Italian volleyball coach
- 1953 –Jasem Yaqoub,Kuwaiti footballer
- 1954–Mike Eruzione,American ice hockey player and coach[22]
- 1954 –Ed Powers,American founder of Ed Powers Productions
- 1955–Glynis Barber,South African-English actress
- 1955 –Robin Eubanks,American trombonist and educator
- 1955 –Gale Anne Hurd,American producer
- 1955 –Matthias Jabs,German guitarist and songwriter[24]
- 1955 –Leena Lander,Finnish author
- 1955 –Lito Lapid,Filipino actor
- 1956–Stephen Leather,British author
- 1957–Nancy Cartwright,American voice actress[24]
- 1957 –Enrique López Zarza,Mexican footballer
- 1957 –Robbie McIntosh,English guitarist
- 1957 –Piet Wildschut,Dutch footballer
- 1958–Kornelia Ender,East German swimmer
- 1958 –Kjell Inge Røkke,Norwegian businessman and philanthropist
- 1959–Óscar Aguirregaray,Uruguayan footballer
- 1959 –Chrissy Amphlett,Australian singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2013)
- 1960–Hong Sang-soo,South Korean director and screenwriter
- 1961–John Sivebæk,Danish footballer
- 1961 –Chad Smith,American drummer[24]
- 1962–David Furnish,Canadian filmmaker
- 1962 –Steve Gainer,American cinematographer and director
- 1962 –Steve Hodge,English footballer and manager
- 1962 –John Stollmeyer,American soccer player
- 1963–John Levén,Swedish bassist
- 1963 –Michael Lynagh,Australian rugby union footballer
- 1963 –Melinda McGraw,American actress
- 1963 –Tracy Nelson,American actress[24]
- 1963 –José Ortiz,Puerto Rican basketball player
- 1964–Michael Boatman,American actor[24]
- 1964 –Johan de Kock,Dutch footballer
- 1964 –Nicole,German singer
- 1964 –Kevin Michael Richardson,American voice actor and singer[24]
- 1965–2 Cold Scorpio,American wrestler
- 1965 –Mathieu Amalric,French actor and director[24]
- 1965 –Valdir Benedito,Brazilian footballer
- 1965 –Claire Colebrook,Australian philosopher, theorist, and academic
- 1965 –Dominique Herr,Swiss footballer
- 1965 –Derrick Rostagno,American tennis player
- 1965 –Rainer Strecker,German actor
- 1966–Zana Briski,British photographer and filmmaker
- 1966 –Lionel Charbonnier,French footballer
- 1966 –Wendel Clark,Canadian ice hockey player
- 1966 –Perry Saturn,American wrestler
- 1967–Martin Marinov,Australian canoeist
- 1967 –Taiyō Matsumoto,Japanese manga artist
- 1967 –Gary Sundgren,Swedish footballer
- 1968–Doris Fitschen,German footballer
- 1968 –Christopher McQuarrie,American filmmaker[27]
- 1968 –Speech,American rapper[24]
- 1969–Samantha Bee,Canadian-American comedian and television host[24]
- 1969 –Josef Beránek,Czech ice hockey player and coach
- 1969 –Slavko Cicak,Swedish chess Grandmaster
- 1969 –Nika Futterman,American voice actress, comedian and singer
- 1969 –Ibragim Gasanbekov,Azerbaijani footballer
- 1969 –Oleg Salenko,Russian footballer
- 1969 –Alex Webster,American bass player
- 1970–J. A. Adande,American journalist and academic
- 1970 –Peter Aerts,Dutch kick-boxer and mixed martial artist
- 1970 –Adam Goldberg,American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter[24]
- 1970 –Damir Mršić,Bosnian basketball player
- 1970 –Adam Pascal,American actor and singer[24]
- 1970 –Rafa,Spanish footballer
- 1970 –Ed Robertson,Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer[24]
- 1970 –Daniel Scheinhardt,German footballer
- 1970 –Chely Wright,American singer-songwriter and actress[24]
- 1971–Simon Charlton,English footballer and manager
- 1971 –Athena Chu,Hong Kong actress and singer
- 1971 –Neil Fallon,American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1971 –Leslie Grossman,American actress[24]
- 1971 –Rosie Ledet,American singer-songwriter and accordion player
- 1971 –Pedro Martínez,Dominican-American baseball player and sportscaster
- 1971 –Midori,Japanese-American violinist and educator[24]
- 1971 –Craig Robinson,American actor and singer[24]
- 1971 –Elif Şafak,French-Turkish journalist, author, and academic
- 1972–Cristian Dulca,Romanian footballer
- 1972 –Rodolfo Falcón,Cuban swimmer
- 1972 –Maxi Mounds,American nude big-bust model and pornographic actress
- 1972 –Jonathan Torrens,Canadian actor, producer, and screenwriter
- 1972 –Persia White,American actress, singer, and musician
- 1973–Fırat Aydınus,Turkish football referee
- 1973 –Lamont Bentley,American actor and rapper (d. 2005)
- 1973 –Michael Weston,American actor
- 1974–Lee Byung-kyu,South Korean baseball player
- 1974 –Yoo Yong-sung,South Korean badminton player
- 1975–Eirik Glambek Bøe,Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1975 –Ryan Clement,American football player
- 1975 –Agustín Julio,Colombian footballer
- 1975 –Zadie Smith,English author and academic
- 1975 –Antony Starr,New Zealand actor[22]
- 1976–Deon Burton,Jamaican footballer
- 1976 –Ahmed Dokhi,Saudi Arabian footballer
- 1976 –Akihisa Ikeda,Japanese manga artist
- 1976 –Steve Jones,Northern Irish footballer
- 1976 –Brett Kirk,Australian footballer and coach
- 1976 –Anton Sikharulidze,Russian pair skater
- 1977–The Alchemist,American rapper, DJ, and producer
- 1977 –Rodolfo Bodipo,Equatoguinean retired footballer
- 1977 –Mitică Pricop,Romanian sprint canoer
- 1977 –Birgit Prinz,German footballer and psychologist
- 1977 –Rakan Rushaidat,Croatian actor
- 1977 –Kateryna Serebrianska,Ukrainian gymnast
- 1977 –Mihai Tararache,Romanian footballer
- 1977 –Yeho,Israeli singer and actor
- 1978–Russell Anderson,Scottish footballer
- 1978 –Zachary Knighton,American actor
- 1978 –Bobby Madden,Scottish football referee
- 1978 –Robert Mambo Mumba,Kenyan footballer
- 1978 –Markus Pöyhönen,Finnish sprinter
- 1978 –An Yong-hak,North Korean footballer
- 1979–Bat for Lashes,English singer
- 1979 –Rob Hulse,English footballer
- 1979 –Mariana Klaveno,American actress
- 1979 –João Lucas,Portuguese footballer (d. 2015)
- 1979 –Rosa Mendes,Canadian-American wrestler and model
- 1980–Mehcad Brooks,American model and actor[24]
- 1980 –Félicien Singbo,Beninois footballer
- 1981–Hiroshi Aoyama,Japanese motorcycle racer
- 1981 –Josh Henderson,American actor and singer[24]
- 1981 –Shaun Wright-Phillips,English footballer
- 1982–Victoria Francés,Spanish illustrator
- 1982 –Devin Green,American basketball player
- 1982 –Guido Grünheid,German basketball player
- 1982 –Camilla Jensen,Danish curler
- 1982 –Michael Sweetney,American basketball player
- 1982 –Mickaël Tavares,Senegalese footballer
- 1983–Hotaru Akane,Japanese actress and activist
- 1983 –Stanislav Bohush,Ukrainian footballer
- 1983 –Daniele Mannini,Italian footballer
- 1983 –Princess Yōko of Mikasa
- 1983 –Han Yeo-reum,South Korean actress
- 1984–Nicolas Besch,French ice hockey player
- 1984 –Ticia Gara,Hungarian chess player
- 1984 –Sara Lumholdt,Swedish singer and dancer
- 1984 –Katy Perry,American singer-songwriter and actress[24]
- 1984 –Iván Ramis,Spanish footballer
- 1984 –Karolina Šprem,Croatian tennis player
- 1985–Ciara,American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress[24]
- 1985 –Óscar Granados,Costa Rican footballer[28]
- 1985 –Kara Lynn Joyce,American swimmer[29]
- 1985 –Daniele Padelli,Italian footballer[30][31]
- 1986–Tweety Carter,American basketball player
- 1986 –Roger Espinoza,Honduran footballer
- 1986 –Eddie Gaven,American soccer player
- 1986 –Kristian Sarkies,Australian footballer
- 1986 –Ekaterina Shumilova,Russian biathlete
- 1987–Bill Amis,American basketball player
- 1987 –Darron Gibson,Irish footballer
- 1987 –Fabian Hambüchen,German gymnast
- 1988–Robson Conceição,Brazilian boxer
- 1988 –Lewis McGugan,English professional footballer
- 1988 –Chandler Parsons,American basketball player
- 1988 –Kaz Patafta,Australian footballer
- 1988 –Karim Yoda,French footballer
- 1989–Filip Grgić,Croatian taekwondo practitioner
- 1989 –Sten Grytebust,Norwegian footballer
- 1989 –David Hala,Australian rugby league player
- 1989 –Ivan Marconi,Italian footballer
- 1989 –Mia Wasikowska,Australian actress[22]
- 1990–Mattia Cattaneo,Italian cyclist
- 1990 –Sara Chafak,Finnish beauty pageant winner
- 1990 –Asha Philip,British athlete
- 1990 –Milena Rašić,Serbian volleyball player
- 1990 –Dzina Sazanavets,Belarusian weightlifter
- 1991–Davide Faraoni,Italian footballer
- 1991 –Isabella Shinikova,Bulgarian tennis player
- 1992–Clarisse Agbegnenou,French judoka
- 1992 –Davide Formolo,Italian cyclist
- 1992 –Sergey Ridzik,Russian freestyle skier
- 1993–Isaiah Austin,American basketball player
- 1993 –Iván Garcia,Mexican diver
- 1993 –William Howard,French basketball player[32]
- 1993 –Rachel Matthews,American actress[24]
- 1994–Richard Jouve,French cross-country skier
- 1994 –Jefferson Lerma,Colombian footballer
- 1994 –Matteo Lodo,Italian rower
- 1994 –Gor Minasyan,Armenian weightlifter
- 1994 –Ray Robson,American chess Grandmaster
- 1995–Conchita Campbell,Canadian actress
- 1995 –Jock Landale,Australian basketball player[33]
- 1995 –Patrick McCaw,American basketball player
- 1996–PJ Dozier,American basketball player[34]
- 1997–Federico Chiesa,Italian footballer
- 1998–Juan Soto,Dominican baseball player[35]
- 1999–Romeo Langford,American basketball player[36]
- 2000–Dominik Szoboszlai,Hungarian footballer[37]
- 2000 –Vincent Zhou,American figure skater
- 2001–Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant
Deaths
[edit]Pre-1600
[edit]- 625–Pope Boniface V[38]
- 912–Rudolph I,king ofBurgundy(b. 859)
- 1047–Magnus the Good,Norwegian king (b. 1024)
- 1053–Enguerrand II, Count of Ponthieu
- 1154–Stephen, King of England[39]
- 1180–John of Salisbury,French bishop (b. c. 1120)
- 1200–Conrad of Wittelsbach,German cardinal (b. 1120)
- 1230–Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester,English soldier (b. 1180)
- 1292–Robert Burnell,Lord Chancellorof England
- 1349–James III of Majorca(b. 1315)
- 1359–Beatrice of Castile,queen consort of Portugal (b. 1293)
- 1400–Geoffrey Chaucer,English philosopher, poet, and author (b. c.1343)[40]
- 1415–Charles I of Albret
- 1415 –Philip II, Count of Nevers(b. 1389)
- 1415 –Frederick I, Count of Vaudémont(b. 1371)
- 1415 –Jean I, Duke of Alençon(b. 1385)
- 1415 –Anthony, Duke of Brabant(b. 1384)
- 1415 –Michael de la Pole, 3rd Earl of Suffolk,English soldier (b. 1394)
- 1415 –Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York,English politician (b. 1373)
- 1415 –Dafydd Gam,Welsh nobleman (b. c. 1380)
- 1478–Catherine of Bosnia(b. 1425)
- 1492–Thaddeus McCarthy,Irish bishop (b. 1455)
- 1495–John II of Portugal(b. 1455)
- 1514–William Elphinstone,Scottish bishop and academic, foundedUniversity of Aberdeen(b. 1431)
- 1557–William Cavendish,English courtier and civil servant (b. 1505)
1601–1900
[edit]- 1647–Evangelista Torricelli,Italian physicist and mathematician (b. 1608)
- 1651–Saint Job of Pochayiv,Ukrainian Orthodox Christian saint (b. 1551)
- 1683–William Scroggs,English judge and politician,Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales(b. 1623)
- 1733–Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri,Italian priest, mathematician, and philosopher (b. 1667)
- 1757–Antoine Augustin Calmet,French monk and theologian (b. 1672)
- 1760–George II of Great Britain(b. 1683)
- 1806–Henry Knox,American general and politician, 2ndUnited States Secretary of War(b. 1750)
- 1826–Philippe Pinel,French physician and psychiatrist (b. 1745)
- 1833–Abbas Mirza,Persian prince (b. 1789)
- 1852–John C. Clark,American lawyer and politician (b. 1793)
- 1889–Émile Augier,French playwright (b. 1820)
- 1895–Charles Hallé,German-English pianist and conductor (b. 1819)
1901–present
[edit]- 1902–Frank Norris,American journalist and novelist (b. 1870)
- 1910–Willie Anderson,Scottish-American golfer (b. 1878)
- 1916–William Merritt Chase,American painter and educator (b. 1849)
- 1919–William Kidston,Scottish-Australian politician, 17thPremier of Queensland(b. 1849)
- 1920–Alexander of Greece(b. 1893)
- 1920 –Terence MacSwiney,Irish playwright, politician,Lord Mayor of Corkdied on hunger strike (b. 1879)[41]
- 1920–Joe Murphy,(Irish-American), died on hunger strike during the1920 Cork hunger strike(b. 1895)[42]
- 1921–Bat Masterson,American lawman, buffalo hunter, and sport writer (b. 1853)
- 1924–Ziya Gökalp,Turkish sociologist, poet, and activist (b. 1876)
- 1938–Alfonsina Storni,Swiss-Argentinian poet and author (b. 1892)
- 1940–Thomas Waddell,Irish-Australian politician, 15thPremier of New South Wales(b. 1854)
- 1941–Franz von Werra,Swiss-German captain and pilot (b. 1914)
- 1945–Robert Ley,German politician (b. 1890)
- 1949–Mary Acworth Orr Evershed,English astronomer and Dante scholar (b. 1867)
- 1953–Holger Pedersen,Danish linguist and academic (b. 1867)
- 1954–Purshottam Narayan Gadgil,Indian jeweller and namesake ofP. N. Gadgil Jewellers(b. 1874)[43]
- 1955–Sadako Sasaki,Japanese girl (b. 1943)
- 1956–Risto Ryti,Finnish lawyer, politician and Governor of theBank of Finland;5thPresident of Finland(b. 1889)[44][45]
- 1957–Albert Anastasia,Italian-American mob boss (b. 1902)
- 1957 –Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany,English-Irish author, poet, and playwright (b. 1878)
- 1960–Harry Ferguson,Irish-English engineer, founded theFerguson Company(b. 1884)
- 1963–Roger Désormière,French conductor and composer (b. 1898)
- 1967–Margaret Ayer Barnes,American author and playwright (b. 1886)[46]
- 1969–Ellinor Aiki,Estonian painter (b. 1893)
- 1970–Ülo Sooster,Estonian painter (b. 1924)
- 1971–Mikhail Yangel,Soviet missile designer (b. 1911)
- 1972–Johnny Mantz,American race car driver (b. 1918)
- 1973–Abebe Bikila,Ethiopian runner (b. 1932)
- 1973 –Cleo Moore,American actress (b. 1928)
- 1973 –Robert Scholl,German accountant and politician (b. 1891)
- 1975–Vladimir Herzog,Brazilian journalist and activist (b. 1937)
- 1976–Raymond Queneau,French poet and author (b. 1903)
- 1977–Félix Gouin,French politician (b. 1884)
- 1979–Gerald Templer,English field marshal and politician,British High Commissioner in Malaya(b. 1898)
- 1980–Virgil Fox,American organist and educator (b. 1912)
- 1980 –Víctor Galíndez,Argentine boxer (b. 1948)
- 1980 –Sahir Ludhianvi,Indian poet and songwriter (b. 1921)
- 1982–Bill Eckersley,English footballer (b. 1925)
- 1982 –Arvid Wallman,Swedish diver (b. 1901)
- 1985–Gary Holton,English singer-songwriter (b. 1952)
- 1986–Forrest Tucker,American actor (b. 1919)
- 1989–Mary McCarthy,American novelist and critic (b. 1912)
- 1990–Alberto da Costa Pereira,Portuguese footballer (b. 1929)
- 1991–Bill Graham,German-American concert promoter (b. 1931)
- 1992–Roger Miller,American singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1936)
- 1992 –Richard Pousette-Dart,American painter and educator (b. 1916)
- 1993–Danny Chan,Hong Kong singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (b. 1958)
- 1993 –Vincent Price,American actor (b. 1911)
- 1994–Kara Hultgreen,American lieutenant and pilot (b. 1965)
- 1994 –Mildred Natwick,American actress (b. 1905)
- 1995–Viveca Lindfors,Swedish actress (b. 1920)
- 1995 –Bobby Riggs,American tennis player (b. 1918)
- 1999–Leonard Boyle,Irish and Canadian palaeographer and medievalist (b. 1923)[47]
- 1999 –Payne Stewart,American golfer (b. 1957)
- 2000–Mochitsura Hashimoto,Japanese commander (b. 1909)
- 2002–Richard Harris,Irish actor and singer (b. 1930)
- 2002 –René Thom,French mathematician and biologist (b. 1923)
- 2002 –Paul Wellstone,American academic and politician (b. 1944)
- 2003–Pandurang Shastri Athavale,Indian spiritual leader and philosopher (b. 1920)
- 2003 –Veikko Hakulinen,Finnish skier and technician (b. 1925)
- 2004–John Peel,English radio host and producer (b. 1939)
- 2010–Lisa Blount,American actress (b. 1957)
- 2010 –Gregory Isaacs,Jamaican-English singer-songwriter (b. 1951)
- 2010 –Vesna Parun,Croatian poet and author (b. 1922)
- 2012–Jacques Barzun,French-American historian and author (b. 1907)
- 2012 –Jaspal Bhatti,Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1955)
- 2012 –John Connelly,English footballer (b. 1938)
- 2012 –Emanuel Steward,American boxer, trainer, and sportscaster (b. 1944)
- 2013–Ron Ackland,New Zealand rugby player and coach (b. 1934)
- 2013 –Arthur Danto,American philosopher and critic (b. 1924)
- 2013 –Nicholas Hunt,Welsh-English admiral (b. 1930)
- 2013 –Hal Needham,American actor, stuntman, director, and screenwriter (b. 1931)
- 2013 –Paul Reichmann,Austrian-Canadian businessman, foundedOlympia and York(b. 1930)
- 2013 –Bill Sharman,American basketball player and coach (b. 1926)
- 2013 –Marcia Wallace,American actress and comedian (b. 1942)
- 2014–Jack Bruce,Scottish singer-songwriter and bass player (b. 1943)[48]
- 2014 –Carlos Morales Troncoso,Dominican lawyer and politician, 34thVice President of the Dominican Republic(b. 1940)
- 2015–David Cesarani,English historian and author (b. 1956)
- 2015 –Lisa Jardine,English historian, author, and academic (b. 1944)
- 2015 –Cecil Lolo,South African footballer (b. 1988)
- 2015 –Flip Saunders,American basketball player and coach (b. 1955)
- 2016–Carlos Alberto Torres,Brazilian football player and manager (b. 1944)
- 2016 –Bob Hoover,USAF, Test, and Airshow pilot (b. 1922)
- 2018–Thomas Keating,an American Trappist monk and a principal developer ofCentering Prayer(b. 1923)[49]
- 2019–Dilip Parikh,Indian politician (b. 1937)
Holidays and observances
[edit]- Armed Forces Day (Romania)
- Christianfeast day:
- Bernat Calbó (Bernard of Calvo)
- Pope Boniface I
- Canna
- BlessedCarlo Gnocchi
- Crysanthus and Daria(Western Christianity)
- Crispin and Crispinian
- Fructus
- Gaudentius of Brescia
- Goeznovius
- Minias of Florence
- MarNestorius(in theNestorian churches)
- Tabitha (Dorcas)
- Tegulus
- BlessedThaddeus McCarthy
- The Six Welsh Martyrs and companions(in Wales)
- The Hallowing of Nestorius
- October 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Earliest day on whichNevada Daycan fall, while October 31 is the latest; celebrated on last Friday in October. (Nevada)
- Earliest day on whichOctober Holidaycan fall, while October 31 is the latest; observed on last Monday in October. (Ireland)
- Earliest day on whichTeacher's Day (Australia)can fall, while October 31 is the latest; celebrated on last Friday in October. (Australia)
- Customs Officer's Day(Russia)
- Day of the Basque Country(Basque Country)
- Republic Day(Kazakhstan)[50]
- Retrocession Day(Taiwan)
- Sovereignty Day (Slovenia)
- Thanksgiving Day (Grenada)
References
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- ^Cabrini, Anna Maria (2014)."Medici, Giuliano di Piero de'".Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani(in Italian).
- ^"Renée of France | French duchess | Britannica".www.britannica.com.Retrieved10 May2023.
- ^Lee, Sidney,ed. (1892). .Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 29. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^Van Gemert, Lia (2011).Women's Writing from the Low Countries 1200-1875: A Bilingual Anthology.Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 500.ISBN978-9-08964-129-8.
- ^Kirkpatrick, D.L., ed. (1978).Twentieth-century Children's Writers.London: Macmillan. p. 465.ISBN978-0-33323-414-3.
- ^"Obituary for Theodora Agnes Peck (Aged 81)".The Burlington Free Press.1964-01-13. p. 5.Retrieved2020-01-07.
- ^"Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti | Nigerian feminist and political leader".Encyclopedia Britannica.Retrieved2020-01-08.
- ^Colin Larkin,ed. (1997).The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music(Concise ed.).Virgin Books.pp. 486–7.ISBN1-85227-745-9.
- ^abcdefghij"Famous birthdays for Oct. 25: Craig Robinson, Chad Smith".UPI.25 October 2022.Retrieved22 October2023.
- ^Rest, James; Power, Clark; Brabeck, Mary (May 1988). "Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987)".American Psychologist.43(5): 399–400.doi:10.1037/h0091958.
- ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyRose, Mike (25 October 2022)."Today's famous birthdays list for October 25, 2022 includes celebrities Katy Perry, Craig Robinson".The Plain Dealer.Associated Press.Retrieved22 October2023.
- ^Weber, Bruce (November 1, 2023)."Bobby Knight, Basketball Coach Known for Trophies and Tantrums, Dies at 83".The New York Times.RetrievedNovember 2,2023.
- ^Berumen, Frank Javier Garcia (2020).American Indian Image Makers of Hollywood.McFarland. p. 233.ISBN9781476636474.
- ^"Christopher McQuarrie Biography".Tribute.RetrievedJune 27,2024.
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- ^"William Howard".National Basketball Association.Retrieved22 October2023.
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- ^"Stephen | king of England".Encyclopedia Britannica.Retrieved12 January2021.
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- ^Corkery, Daniel (December 1920). "Terence MacSwiney: Lord Mayor of Cork". Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review. 9 (36): 512–520. JSTOR 30092903
- ^"Joseph Murphy Dies of 76 Days' Hunger Strike, The Second Prisoner to Succumb in Cork Jail"(PDF).NY Times.25 October 1920.Retrieved5 August2022.
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{{cite book}}
:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^"Muistot: Risto Ryti".Helsingin Sanomat(in Finnish). October 25, 1956.RetrievedDecember 28,2021.
- ^"Tietoa Huittisista: Presidentti Risto Ryti 1889-1956"(in Finnish). Town of Huittinen.RetrievedDecember 28,2021.
- ^Taylor, Lloyd C. (1974).Margaret Ayer Barnes.Boston: Twayne Publishing. p. 15.ISBN978-0-80570-037-4.
- ^English, Edward D. (2001)."Leonard E. Boyle, OP (1923–99)".Renaissance Studies.15(3): 367–374.ISSN0269-1213.JSTOR24413249.
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- ^Abbasova, Vusala (2022-10-25)."Kazakhstan Celebrates Republic Day".caspiannews.com.Retrieved2023-08-17.
External links
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
Wikimedia Commons has media related toOctober 25.
- "On This Day".BBC.
- The New York Times:On This Day
- "Historical Events on October 25".OnThisDay.com.