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47th Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia
46th←
→48th
Parliament House (2023)
Parliament House (2023)
Parliament House(2023)
26 July 2022 – present
Members76 senators
151 representatives
Senate LeaderPenny Wong,Labor
(from 23 May 2022)
Senate PresidentSue Lines,Labor
(from 26 July 2022)
House LeaderTony Burke,Labor
(from 1 June 2022)
House SpeakerMilton Dick,Labor
(from 26 July 2022)
Sessions
1st:26 July 2022 – present
House Composition (current)

Government(78)

  • Labor(78)


Opposition(55)
Coalition


Crossbench(18)

Senate Composition (current)
Composition of the Senate
Composition of the Senate

Government(25)
Labor(25)

Opposition(30)
Coalition
Liberal(24)[d]
National(6)[e]

Crossbench(21)
Greens(11)
One Nation(2)
Lambie Network(1)
United Australia(1)
Independent(6)[f]

flagAustralia portal

The47th Parliament of Australiais the current meeting of the legislative body of the Commonwealth ofAustralia,composed of theAustralian Senateand theAustralian House of Representatives.TheMay 2022 federal electiongave theAustralian Labor Partycontrol of the House. Labor won 77 seats at the election, and it gained an additional seat in April 2023 due to winning theAston by-election,giving it a three-seatmajority government.[1]Labor leaderAnthony Albanesebecame the31stPrime Minister of Australia,and was sworn in by theGovernor-GeneralDavid Hurleyon 23 May 2022.[2]The 47th Parliament opened inCanberraon 26 July 2022.[3]

Since July 2022, there have been 118 instances of MPs being ejected from the House of Representatives duringQuestion Time,with 93% of these ejections involving male MPs. Notable frequent offenders include Coalition spokespersonMichael Sukkarand LiberalbackbencherTony Pasin.TheAlbanese government,despite its commitment to improving parliamentary conduct, has delayed the establishment of an Independent Parliamentary Standards Commission (IPSC) to address such issues until at least October 2024, as stated by Public Service MinisterKaty Gallagher.[4][5]

Major events and legislation

[edit]
Further information:2022 in Australia,2023 in Australia,and2024 in Australia
  • TheClimate Change Act 2022passed the parliament on 8 September 2022, having been approved by the House by 86 votes to 50 and the Senate by 37 votes to 30. The legislation codifies a 43 per centemissionsreduction target by 2030 (on 2005 levels), requires theClimate Change Authorityto provide advice on Australia's progress against those targets, mandates that theMinister for Climate Changereports annually to Parliament on Australia's progress, and forces federal government agencies to adhere to the legislative requirements of the Act.[6][7][8]
  • TheSocial Security Amendment Act 2022passed the parliament on 28 September 2022, having passed the House by 86 votes to 56 and the Senate by 33 votes to 26.[9][10]The legislation repealed the mandatoryCashless Welfare Card,originally introduced as a trial in 2016 for 12,500 people across four trial sites, which quarantined around 80% of a person's income so it could not be spent on alcohol or gambling or withdrawn in cash. As a result of the legislative change, participants could opt out of the scheme, though around 4,300 people in theNorthern TerritoryandCape Yorkremained on the card prior to the introduction of a compulsory income-management scheme in 2023.[11]
  • TheAnti-Discrimination and Human Rights Legislation Amendment (Respect at Work) Act 2022passed the parliament on 28 November 2022. The legislation implemented seven of the recommendations of theKate Jenkins-authored Respect@Work report intosexual harassment.Among other reforms, the laws impose a positive onus on employers to take steps to demonstrate that they're proactively attempting to eliminate sex discrimination "as far as possible". In addition, victimising conduct can be the basis of a civil, not just criminal, complaint, and public sector agencies are newly required to report to the Workplace Gender Equality Agency as occurs with private sector agencies.[12]
  • TheNational Anti-Corruption Commission Act 2022passed the parliament on 30 November 2022. The legislation established theNational Anti-Corruption Commission,an independent federal agency equipped with the power to investigate Commonwealth ministers, public servants, statutory office holders, government agencies, parliamentarians and parliamentary staff for corrupt or improper behaviour.[13][14]
  • TheFair Work Legislation Amendment Act 2022passed the parliament on 2 December 2022.[15]The legislation passed the House of Representatives by 80 votes to 56[16]and passed the Senate by 35 votes to 31.[17]Theworkplace relationsreforms introducemulti-employer bargaining,allow theFair Work Commissionto authorise workers with sufficient common interests to bargain together and abolish theAustralian Building and Construction CommissionandRegistered Organisations Commission.[18][19]The legislation passed with the support of the Greens and Senator David Pocock, who each won government support for an enforceable right to request unpaid parental leave and measures to prevent a loophole in the better-off-overall test in the legislation, as well as the creation of a statutory advisory committee of experts to provide independent advice concerning "economic inclusion" of lower-income people, welfare recipients and cost-of-living relief.[20]
  • TheRestoring Territory Rights Act 2022passed the parliament on 1 December 2022. The legislation, which abolished the federal ban on theNorthern TerritoryandAustralian Capital Territorylegislatures passing laws to permiteuthanasiaschemes (originally passed in 1997) was subject to aconscience votefor most parties. It was approved by 99 votes to 37 in the House of Representatives and by 41 votes to 25 in the Senate.[21][22][23]
  • TheSafeguard Mechanism (Crediting) Amendment Act 2023passed the parliament on 30 March 2023. The legislation passed with the support of the Labor government, theGreens,Jacqui Lambie Networkandindependentcrossbenchers in both chambers, following intense negotiations between the parties. In effect, 215 of the country's major polluting facilities are required to cut emissions intensity by 5% a year, through absolute cuts or by buyingcarbon offsets.While individual companies can buy an unlimited number of offsets, total absolute emissions under the scheme cannot increase and are required to come down over time.[24]The legislation passed the Senate by 32 votes to 26 and the House by 89 votes to 50, with the Liberal/National Coalition, One Nation and United Australia parties opposed to the reforms.[25][26]
  • TheConstitution Alteration (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice) 2023proposed alteration to theConstitution of Australiapassed the parliament on 19 June 2023. It passed by 121 votes to 25 in the House of Representatives and by 52 votes to 19 in the Senate. It enabled areferendumto occur in the latter months of 2023, to establish anAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice,which would have an advisory power to consult with the parliament and Executive Government on matters and legislation affectingIndigenous Australians.[27][28]
  • TheHousing Australia Future Fund Bill 2023passed the parliament on 14 September 2023. The legislation established theHousing Australia Future Fund,a $10 billionsovereign wealth fund-type scheme to enable the construction of 30,000 social and affordable homes over five years. A guaranteed $500 million is to be spent per year from the fund, while a minimum of 1,200 homes are to be built in each state and territory across the period.[29]The legislation's passage was achieved after the government won the support of the Greens, who negotiated an extra $1 billion for public and community housing from the government, though failed to win support for a nationalfreezeor caps on rents.[30]Several months prior to the legislation's passage, the government made a $2 billion separate one-off announcement for social housing through a "social housing accelerator" scheme.[31]
  • In January 2024, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese announced the government had approved changes to theStage 3 income tax cuts,originally passed by theMorrison governmentduring the46th Parliamentand set to come into effect on 1 July 2024. Under the new scheme, the flattening of the tax rate for all income between $45,000 and $200,000 to 30% will be overturned through the restoration of the 37% tax rate, income earners above $150,000 will have their tax cuts progressively reduced to as much as half of the original cut, whilst earners up to $150,000 will have a larger cut than proposed under the previous government.[32][33]To this effect, theTreasury Laws Amendment (Cost of Living Tax Cuts) Bill 2024was approved by the parliament on 27 February 2024.[34]
  • On the final sitting day before the winter parliamentary break, the Albanese Government experienced its first legislative defeat in the 47th Parliament when a proposedDefence Amendment Billwas voted down in the Senate. The bill aimed to establish a parliamentary committee with broad investigative powers into Defence spending, but was rejected due to opposition from both government and coalition members, who resisted including cross-bench representation. Greens SenatorDavid Shoebridgecriticized the persistent issues with Defence procurement, citing significant failures and cost overruns in submarine, frigate, and offshore patrol vessel projects. The bill's defeat left Defence's extensive budget and procurement practices with minimal oversight, highlighting ongoing concerns about accountability and management within the department.[35]

Leadership

[edit]

Senate

[edit]
Senate President
Sue Lines(ALP)
Senate President election[36]
Candidate State Votes %
Sue Lines Western Australia 54 81.82
Dorinda Cox Western Australia 12 18.18
66 100

Presiding officer

[edit]

Government leadership

[edit]

Opposition leadership

[edit]

House of Representatives

[edit]
House Speaker
Milton Dick(ALP)
House of Representatives Speaker election[37]
Candidate Seat Votes %
Milton Dick Oxley(Qld) 92 62.16
Andrew Wallace Fisher(Qld) 56 37.84
148 100

Presiding officer

[edit]

Government leadership

[edit]

Opposition leadership

[edit]

Party summary

[edit]

House of Representatives

[edit]
House membership(as of 14 November 2023)
4Australian Greens
78Australian Labor Party


12Independent
1Centre Alliance
Affiliation Party
(shading shows control)
 Total Vacant
GRN ALP IND CA LPA NPA KAP UAP
End ofprevious Parliament 1 68 4 1 60 15 1 1 151 0
Begin (26 July 2022) 4 77 10 1 42 16 1 — 151 0
23 December 2022[g] 11 15
17 February 2023[h] 41 150 1
1 April 2023[h] 78 151 0
18 May 2023[i] 40 150 1
15 July 2023[i] 41 151 0
14 November 2023[j] 12 40 151 0
4 December 2023[k] 77 150 1
28 February 2024[l] 39 149 2
2 March 2024[k] 78 150 1
13 April 2024[l] 40 151 0
Latest voting share % 2.65 51.66 7.95 0.66 36.42 0.66 —

Senate

[edit]
Senate membership(as of 17 June 2023)
11Australian Greens
26Australian Labor Party



3Independent
2Jacqui Lambie Network
Affiliation Party
(shading shows control)
 Total Vacant
GRN ALP IND CA REX JLN LPA NPA LDP ON UAP
End ofprevious Parliament 9 26 — 1 1 1 31 4 1 2 — 76 0
Begin (26 July 2022) 12 26 1 — 2 26 6 — 2 1 76 0
16 January 2023[m] 25 75 1
6 February 2023[n] 11 2
31 May 2023[m] 26 76 0
17 June 2023[o] 3 25
30 September 2023[p] 24 75 1
30 November 2023[p] 25 76 0
26 January 2024[q] 25 75 1
1 February 2024[q] 26 76 0
29 February 2024[r] 25 75 1
28 March 2024[s] 4 1
19 April 2024[t] 10 74 2
1 May 2024[t] 11 75 1
29 May 2024[r] 26 76 0
4 July 2024[u] 25 5
25 August 2024[v] 6 24
Latest voting share % 14.47 32.89 7.89 — 1.32 39.47 — 2.63 1.32


Demographics

[edit]

The 47th Parliament of Australia has a historically high representation of women; women make up 38% of the House of Representatives and 57% of the Senate, the highest on record for both chambers.[38]In terms of representation, Indigenous members will account for 9.6 per cent of the 76 Senate seats, and 1.9 per cent of 151 House of Representatives seats.[39]

Despite these advancements, Parliament does not fully mirror the Australian population. Women, who hold a slight majority in the general population, are still underrepresented in Parliament. The average age of MPs is higher than the national median of 38. Representation of culturally diverse backgrounds is also limited, with only 6.6% of MPs having non-European ancestry compared to 23% of the general population, and 4.4% of MPs having Asian heritage versus 18% of Australians. Indigenous representation has increased, with eight Indigenous senators and three Indigenous MPs, totaling 4.8% of the Parliament, which is higher than the Indigenous population percentage of 3.3%. Despite these advances, Australia's parliamentary representation continues to lag behind countries such as Canada and New Zealand in terms of gender and cultural diversity.[40][41][42]

The Liberal Party's representation of women has declined, with only 9 seats compared to 13 in the previous parliament. In contrast, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese's cabinet is the most diverse in Australian history, featuring 10 women out of 23 cabinet ministers, with several holding prominent positions such as Penny Wong in foreign affairs and Linda Burney as the first female Indigenous cabinet minister.[43][44][45]

Senate

[edit]

The Senate included 32 men and 44 women, the most women to date.[46]

House of Representatives

[edit]

There are 58 women in the House, the largest number in history,[47]with 19 of these being first-term Members of Parliament (MPs).[48]Three current members areLGBTQ+—Stephen Bates,[49]Angie Bell[50]andJulian Hill.[51]Four members;Mark Dreyfus,Josh Burns,[52]Mike FreelanderandJulian Leeseridentified as Jewish. Labor members —Ed HusicandAnne Aly— became the first two Muslim federal ministers.[53]

Membership

[edit]
For new members, seeList of new members of the 47th Parliament of Australia.

Senate

[edit]
Further information:Members of the Australian Senate, 2022–2025

40 of the 76 seats in the upper house were contested in theelectionin May 2022. The class of senators elected in 2022 are denoted with an asterisk (*).

House of Representatives

[edit]
Further information:Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 2022–2025

All 151 seats in the lower house were contested in theelectionin May 2022.

Changes in membership

[edit]

Senate

[edit]

This table lists senators who have resigned, died, been elected or appointed, or otherwise changed their party affiliation during the 47th Parliament.

Seat Before Change After
Member Party Type Date Date Member Party
New South Wales Jim Molan Liberal Death 16 January 2023 31 May 2023 Maria Kovacic Liberal
Victoria Lidia Thorpe Greens Resignation from party 6 February 2023 Lidia Thorpe Independent
Victoria David Van Liberal Expulsion fromparty room 15 June 2023 David Van Independent
New South Wales Marise Payne Liberal Resignation 30 September 2023 30 November 2023 Dave Sharma Liberal
Western Australia Pat Dodson Labor Resignation 26 January 2024 1 February 2024 Varun Ghosh Labor
Victoria Linda White Labor Death 29 February 2024 29 May 2024 Lisa Darmanin Labor
Tasmania Tammy Tyrrell Lambie Resignation from party 28 March 2024 Tammy Tyrrell Independent
Victoria Janet Rice Greens Resignation 19 April 2024 1 May 2024 Steph Hodgins-May Greens
Western Australia Fatima Payman Labor Resignation from party 4 July 2024 Fatima Payman Independent
Queensland Gerard Rennick LNP Resignation from party 25 August 2024 Gerard Rennick Independent


House of Representatives

[edit]

This table lists members of the House who have resigned, died, been elected or appointed, or otherwise changed their party affiliation during the 47th Parliament.

Seat Before Change After
Member Party Type Date Date Member Party
Calare Andrew Gee National Resignation from party 23 December 2022 Andrew Gee Independent
Aston Alan Tudge Liberal Resignation 17 February 2023 1 April 2023 Mary Doyle Labor
Fadden Stuart Robert Liberal National Resignation 18 May 2023 15 July 2023 Cameron Caldwell Liberal National
Monash Russell Broadbent Liberal Resignation from party 14 November 2023 Russell Broadbent Independent
Dunkley Peta Murphy Labor Death 4 December 2023 2 March 2024 Jodie Belyea Labor
Cook Scott Morrison Liberal Resignation 28 February 2024 13 April 2024 Simon Kennedy Liberal


See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Including 15Liberal National Party of Queensland(LNP) MPs who sit in theLiberalsparty room
  2. ^Including 6Liberal National Party of Queensland(LNP) MPs who sit in theNationalsparty room
  3. ^
  4. ^Including twoLiberal National Party of Queensland(LNP) senators who sit in theLiberalsparty room.
  5. ^Including twoLiberal National Party of Queensland(LNP) senators andoneCountry Liberal Partysenator who sit in theNationalsparty room.
  6. ^David Pocock,Gerard Rennick,Tammy Tyrrell,Lidia Thorpe,Fatima PaymanandDavid Van
  7. ^Andrew Gee,MP forCalare,resigned from the National Party on 23 December 2022 and began sitting as an independent.
  8. ^abAlan Tudge,Liberal MP forAston,resigned on 17 February 2023. Theresulting by-electionwas won by Labor candidateMary Doyleon 1 April 2023.
  9. ^abStuart Robert,Liberal National MP forFadden,resigned on 18 May 2023. The resultingby-electionwas won by Liberal National candidateCameron Caldwellon 15 July 2023.
  10. ^Russell Broadbent,MP forMonash,resigned from the Liberal Party on 14 November 2023 and moved to the crossbench to sit as an independent.
  11. ^abPeta Murphy,Labor MP forDunkley,died in office on 4 December 2023. Theresulting by-electionwas won by Labor candidateJodie Belyeaon 2 March 2024.
  12. ^abScott Morrison,Liberal MP forCook,resigned on 28 February 2024. The resultingby-electionwas won by Liberal candidateSimon Kennedyon 13 April 2024.
  13. ^abJim Molan,Liberal senator for Victoria, died in office on 16 January 2023. His successor,Maria Kovacic,was appointed as his replacement on 31 May 2023.
  14. ^Lidia Thorpe,senator for Victoria, resigned from the Greens on 6 February 2023 to sit as an independent.
  15. ^David Van,senator for Victoria, resigned from the Liberal Party on 17 June 2023 to sit as an independent.
  16. ^abMarise Payne,Liberal senator for New South Wales, resigned on 30 September 2023. Her successor,Dave Sharma,was appointed as her replacement on 30 November 2023.
  17. ^abPat Dodson,Labor senator for Western Australia, resigned on 26 January 2024. His successor,Varun Ghosh,was appointed as his replacement on 1 February 2024.
  18. ^abLinda White,Labor senator for Victoria, died in office on 29 February 2024. Her successor,Lisa Darmanin,was appointed as her replacement on 29 May 2024.
  19. ^Tammy Tyrrell,senator for Tasmania, resigned from the Jacqui Lambie Network on 28 March 2024 to sit as an independent.
  20. ^abJanet Rice,Greens senator for Victoria, resigned on 19 April 2024. Her successor,Steph Hodgins-May,was appointed as her replacement on 1 May 2024.
  21. ^Fatima Payman,senator for Western Australia, resigned from Labor on 4 July 2024 to sit as an independent.
  22. ^Gerard Rennick,senator for Queensland, resigned from the Liberal Party on 25 August 2024 to sit as an independent.

References

[edit]
  1. ^Jake Evans (31 May 2022)."ABC projects Labor will score a 77th seat and evade deals with independents to find a speaker".Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
  2. ^Brett Worthington (23 May 2022)."Anthony Albanese and four senior frontbenchers sworn in ahead of Quad trip".ABC News.
  3. ^Andrew Brown (26 July 2022)."MPs sworn in as 47th parliament opened".The Canberra Times.
  4. ^Cleal, Olivia (3 January 2024)."Male MPs kicked out 109 times during Question Time".Women's Agenda.Retrieved6 August2024.
  5. ^Sakkal, Olivia Ireland, Paul (3 January 2024)."Rowdy House: Most-ejected MPs in parliament make no apology".The Sydney Morning Herald.Retrieved6 August2024.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^Asha Barbaschow (9 September 2022)."Your 4-Minute Briefing on the Australian Government's Climate Change Bill".Gizmodo AU.
  7. ^Adam Morton (8 September 2022)."Australian parliament passes first climate change legislation in a decade".Guardian Australia.
  8. ^Emily Bennett & Daniel Jeffrey (8 September 2022)."Federal government's historic climate change bill passes parliament to legislate emissions reduction target".9 News.
  9. ^"Hansard - Social Security (Administration) Amendment (Repeal of Cashless Debit Card and Other Measures) Bill 2022 - Third Reading - Division".aph.gov.au.3 August 2022.
  10. ^"SENATE - Hansard".Record of Proceedings (Hansard).Australia:Australian Senate.27 September 2022. p. 124-125.
  11. ^Tom Lowrey (28 September 2022)."Cashless debit card to be abolished, but a new income-management system will take its place for some".ABC News.
  12. ^Georgia Hitch (28 November 2022)."Laws to implement Respect@Work recommendations have passed parliament. What are they?".ABC News.
  13. ^"PARLIAMENT PASSES NATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION COMMISSION BILLS".pm.gov.au.30 November 2022.
  14. ^"National Anti-Corruption Commission clears final hurdle, passes House of Representatives".ABC News.30 November 2022.
  15. ^Paul Karp & Amy Remeikis."Labor's industrial relations bill passes despite late Coalition filibuster".The Guardian.
  16. ^"Hansard BILLS - Fair Work Legislation Amendment (Secure Jobs, Better Pay) Bill 2022 - Third Reading".aph.gov.au.10 November 2022.
  17. ^"Hansard BILLS - Fair Work Legislation Amendment (Secure Jobs, Better Pay) Bill 2022 - Third Reading".aph.gov.au.1 December 2022.
  18. ^"Fair Work Legislation Amendment (Secure Jobs, Better Pay) Bill 2022".aph.gov.au.
  19. ^Paul Karp (23 November 2022)."What is the sticking point in Labor's industrial relations bill and how would it work?".The Guardian.
  20. ^Paul Karp (27 November 2022)."David Pocock to give crucial support to IR bill after deal on jobseeker and welfare".The Guardian.
  21. ^"Restoring Territory Rights Bill 2022 – Third Reading".Parliament of Australia.Australia:House of Representatives.3 August 2022.
  22. ^"Restoring Territory Rights Bill 2022 – Second Reading".Parliament of Australia.Australia:Senate.24 November 2022.
  23. ^Markus Mannheim (1 December 2022)."Federal parliament overturns 25-year-old ban on euthanasia laws in ACT and Northern Territory".ABC News.
  24. ^Adam Morton (30 March 2023)."Australia passes most significant climate law in a decade amid concern over fossil fuel exports".The Guardian.
  25. ^"Senate Division No 309 (Safeguard Mechanism Amendment Bill 2023)".aph.gov.au.30 March 2023.
  26. ^"House Division No 133 (Safeguard Mechanism Amendment Bill 2023)".aph.gov.au.30 March 2023.
  27. ^"Constitution Alteration (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice) 2023".aph.gov.au.
  28. ^Brett Worthington & Kamin Gock (19 June 2023)."Senate passes referendum plan, cementing Voice to Parliament vote before end of the year".ABC News.
  29. ^Stephanie Borys."Government's $10bn Housing Australia Future Fund passes parliament".ABC News.
  30. ^Paul Karp (11 September 2023)."Greens agree to support Labor's $10bn housing fund, breaking months-long impasse".The Guardian.
  31. ^Tom Lowrey (17 June 2023)."Federal government to spend $2 billion on social housing around Australia".ABC News.
  32. ^Stuart Marsh (25 January 2024)."'A tax cut for every Australian taxpayer': Anthony Albanese unveils stage 3 tax cut changes ".9 News.
  33. ^Josh Nicholas (25 January 2024)."Stage-three tax cuts: how the Albanese government's changes will affect you".The Guardian.
  34. ^"Treasury Laws Amendment (Cost of Living Tax Cuts) Bill 2024".aph.gov.au.
  35. ^Patrick, Rex (7 July 2024)."No House? Two-party Senate squeeze on cross-bench locks in Defence spending debacle".Michael West.Retrieved6 August2024.
  36. ^"Senate – Official Hansard – Tuesday, 26 July 2022: Forty-Seventh Parliament First Session—First Period".parlinfo.aph.gov.au.Australian Senate.26 July 2022.
  37. ^"2022 – The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia – House of Representatives Votes and Proceedings – No. 1 Tuesday, 26 July 2022".parlinfo.aph.gov.au.Australian House of Representatives.26 July 2022.
  38. ^"A diverse cabinet that better reflects our nation".The Age.Fairfax Media.Retrieved1 June2022.
  39. ^Zaunmayr, Tom (22 May 2022)."FULL LIST: Record number of Indigenous MPs voted in to serve the Australian people".National Indigenous Times.Retrieved12 June2022.
  40. ^Remeikis, Amy (24 July 2022)."The 47th parliament is the most diverse ever – but still doesn't reflect Australia".The Guardian.ISSN0261-3077.Retrieved6 August2024.
  41. ^"After a 'watershed year', Australia is on track for its highest number of women in parliament".SBS News.Retrieved6 August2024.
  42. ^Redman, Chris (5 March 2024)."Women still underrepresented in Australian parliaments".The Australia Institute.Retrieved6 August2024.
  43. ^Remeikis, Amy (24 July 2022)."The 47th parliament is the most diverse ever – but still doesn't reflect Australia".The Guardian.ISSN0261-3077.Retrieved6 August2024.
  44. ^Curtis, Lisa Visentin, Katina (31 May 2022)."Record number of women in the 47th parliament, as female voters shun Liberals".The Sydney Morning Herald.Retrieved6 August2024.{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  45. ^"Australia has more women in cabinet than ever before: what difference will diversity make?".UNSW Sites.Retrieved6 August2024.
  46. ^Remeikis, Amy (24 July 2022)."The 47th parliament is the most diverse ever – but still doesn't reflect Australia".The Guardian.ISSN0261-3077.Retrieved6 August2024.
  47. ^"After a 'watershed year', Australia is on track for its highest number of women in parliament".SBS News.Retrieved12 June2022.
  48. ^Remeikis, Amy (24 July 2022)."The 47th parliament is the most diverse ever – but still doesn't reflect Australia".The Guardian.ISSN0261-3077.Retrieved6 August2024.
  49. ^Bowman, Jan (19 May 2022)."Could the LGBTQI vote make a difference in Brisbane?".Retrieved12 June2022.
  50. ^"LNP candidate hoping to make Queensland history in 2019 federal election".ABC News.14 May 2019.Retrieved12 June2022.
  51. ^Reynolds, Andrew (2019).The Children of Harvey Milk: How LGBTQ Politicians Changed the World.Oxford University Press.ISBN978-0-19-046095-2.
  52. ^Kohn, Peter."Macnamara's first MP".www.australianjewishnews.com.Retrieved12 June2022.
  53. ^"Australia's first two Muslim federal ministers say symbolism matters, but their responsibility is to deliver".SBS News.Retrieved12 June2022.
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