480 BC
Appearance
This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(February 2024) |
Millennium: | 1st millenniumBC |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
480 BC by topic |
Politics |
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Categories |
Gregorian calendar | 480 BC CDLXXX BC |
Ab urbe condita | 274 |
Ancient Egypt era | XXVIIdynasty,46 |
- Pharaoh | Xerxes I of Persia,6 |
Ancient Greek era | 75thOlympiad(victor)¹ |
Assyrian calendar | 4271 |
Balinese saka calendar | N/A |
Bengali calendar | −1072 |
Berber calendar | 471 |
Buddhist calendar | 65 |
Burmese calendar | −1117 |
Byzantine calendar | 5029–5030 |
Chinese calendar | Canh thânNiên (MetalMonkey) 2218 or 2011 — to — Tân dậu niên (MetalRooster) 2219 or 2012 |
Coptic calendar | −763 – −762 |
Discordian calendar | 687 |
Ethiopian calendar | −487 – −486 |
Hebrew calendar | 3281–3282 |
Hindu calendars | |
-Vikram Samvat | −423 – −422 |
-Shaka Samvat | N/A |
-Kali Yuga | 2621–2622 |
Holocene calendar | 9521 |
Iranian calendar | 1101 BP – 1100 BP |
Islamic calendar | 1135 BH – 1134 BH |
Javanese calendar | N/A |
Julian calendar | N/A |
Korean calendar | 1854 |
Minguo calendar | 2391 beforeROC Dân tiền 2391 niên |
Nanakshahi calendar | −1947 |
Thai solar calendar | 63–64 |
Tibetan calendar | Dương kim hầu niên (male Iron-Monkey) −353 or −734 or −1506 — to — Âm kim kê niên (female Iron-Rooster) −352 or −733 or −1505 |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Persian_invasion.png/220px-Persian_invasion.png)
Year480 BCwas a year of thepre-Julian Roman calendar.At the time, it was known as theYear of the Consulship of Vibulanus and Cincinnatus(or, less frequently,year 274Ab urbe condita). The denomination 480 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when theAnno Dominicalendar erabecame the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events[edit]
By place[edit]
Greece[edit]
- May – King Xerxes I of Persia marches from Sardis and onto Thrace and Macedonia.
- The Greek congress decides to send a force of 10,000 Greeks, including hoplites and cavalry, to theVale of Tempe,through which they believe the Persian army will pass. The force includesLacedaemoniansled by Euanetos andAtheniansunderThemistocles.Warned byAlexander I of Macedonthat the vale can be bypassed elsewhere and that the army of Xerxes is overwhelming, the Greeks decide not to try to hold there and vacate the vale.
- August 20orSeptember 8-10 – TheBattle of Thermopylaeends in victory for thePersiansunder Xerxes. His army engulfs a force of 300Spartansand 700Thespiaeunder theSpartanKing,Leonidas I.TheGreeksunder Leonidas resist the advance throughThermopylaeof Xerxes' vast army. For two days Leonidas and his troops withstand thePersianattacks; he then orders most of his troops to retreat, and he and his 300-member royal guard fight to the last man.
- Pausaniasbecomes regent for King Leonidas' son,Pleistarchus,afterLeonidas Iis killed atThermopylae.Pausanias is a member of theAgiadroyal family, the son of KingCleombrotusand nephew of Leonidas.
- Phocisand the coasts ofEuboeaare devastated by thePersians.Thebesand most ofBoeotiajoin Xerxes.
- KingAlexander I of Macedonis obliged to accompany Xerxes in a campaign throughGreece,though he secretly aids the Greek allies. With Xerxes' apparent acquiescence, Alexander seizes the GreekcolonyofPydnaand advances his frontiers eastward to theStrymon,taking inCrestoniaandBisaltia,along with the rich silver deposits of Mount Dysorus.
- TheAtheniansoldierandstatesman,Aristides,as well as the formerAthenianarchonXanthippus,return from banishment inAeginato serve underThemistoclesagainst thePersians.
- August – ThePersiansachieve a naval victory over theGreeksin anengagementfought nearArtemisium,a promontory on the north coast ofEuboea.The Greek fleet holds its own against thePersiansin three days of fighting but withdraws southward when news comes of the defeat atThermopylae.
- Breaking through the pass atThermopylaefromMacedoniaintoGreece,thePersiansoccupyAttica.
- September 21– ThePersianssackAthens,whose citizens flee toSalamisand thenPeloponnesus.
- September 22– TheBattle of Salamisbrings victory to theGreeks,whoseAtheniangeneralThemistocleslures thePersiansinto the Bay of Salamis, between theAthenianport-city ofPiraeusand the island ofSalamis.The Greektriremesthen attack furiously, ramming or sinking manyPersianvesselsand boarding others. TheGreekssink about 200Persianvesselswhile losing only about 40 of their own. The rest of thePersianfleet is scattered, and as a result Xerxes has to postpone his planned land offensives for a year, a delay that gives the Greek city-states time to unite against him.Aeschylusfights on the winning side.
- An eclipse of the sun discourages the Greek army from following up the victory ofSalamis.Xerxes returns toPersialeaving behind an army underMardonius,which winters inThessaly.
Rome[edit]
- The Romans achieve a significantvictoryagainstVeiiafter a close-fought battle. Tensions between the Roman classes flare during the battle.Quintus Fabiusand the consulManliusperish in the fighting.
- The tribuneTitus Pontificiusunsuccessfully advocates anagrarian law.
Sicily[edit]
- Xerxes encourages the Carthaginians to attack the Greeks in Sicily. Under the Carthaginian military leader,Hamilcar,Carthagesends across a large army.
- The Greek city ofHimerainSicily,in its quarrel withAkragas,enlists Carthaginian support. With the help ofGelo,thetyrantofSyracusae,and Theron of Akragas, the Carthaginians are defeated in theBattle of Himera.After the defeat, Hamilcar kills himself.
Persian empire[edit]
- The Imperial treasury at thePersepolisPalace is completed after a building time of thirty years.
By topic[edit]
Arts[edit]
- Thearchaic periodofsculptureends inGreeceand is succeeded by the Severe (EarlyClassical) period (approximate date).
- A sculpture of theDying Warrioris made in the left corner of the east pediment of theTemple of AphaeainAegina(approximate date). Today, it is preserved at theStaatliche Antikensammlungen und GlyptothekinMunich,Germany.
- The sculpture of theKritios Boyis made onAcropolis,Athens(approximate date). It is now preserved in theAcropolis MuseuminAthens.
- Work begins on the detailMusicians and Dancerson a wall painting in the Tomb of the Lionesses inTarquinia.It is finished someten years later.
Births[edit]
- September 22(traditional date) –Euripides,Greekplaywright(d.406 BC)
- Antiphon,Atticorator (d.411 BC)
- Ezra,Jewishscribe and priest (d. c.440 BCE)
- Hippodamus of Miletus,Greek architect and urban planner (d.408 BC)
- Siddhartha Gautama(suggested),wandering asceticand religious teacher (d.400 BC)
Deaths[edit]
- August 11–Leonidas I,Agiad King of Sparta (died atThermopylae)
- Xenophanes,Greekphilosopher(b.570 BC)
- Hamilcar,Carthaginiangeneral (suicide after his defeat in theBattle of Himera)
- Heraclitus,Greek philosopher (approximate year)[1]
- Zhong You(Zilu), a prominentdisciple of Confucius(b.542 BC)
- Quintus Fabius Vibulanus,a former consul (twice) of Rome, dies in battle againstVeii.
- Gnaeus Manlius Cincinnatus,Roman consul, dies in battle againstVeii.
- Lady Nanzi,Chinese Duchess ruler.
References[edit]
- ^"Heraclitus".Encyclopædia Britannica. February 2, 2024.RetrievedFebruary 24,2024.