680
| Millennium: | 1st millennium |
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| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 680 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Categories |
| Gregorian calendar | 680 DCLXXX |
| Ab urbe condita | 1433 |
| Armenian calendar | 129 ԹՎ ՃԻԹ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5430 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 601–602 |
| Bengali calendar | 87 |
| Berber calendar | 1630 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1224 |
| Burmese calendar | 42 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6188–6189 |
| Chinese calendar | Kỷ mãoNiên (EarthRabbit) 3377 or 3170 — to — Canh thần niên (MetalDragon) 3378 or 3171 |
| Coptic calendar | 396–397 |
| Discordian calendar | 1846 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 672–673 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4440–4441 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| -Vikram Samvat | 736–737 |
| -Shaka Samvat | 601–602 |
| -Kali Yuga | 3780–3781 |
| Holocene calendar | 10680 |
| Iranian calendar | 58–59 |
| Islamic calendar | 60–61 |
| Japanese calendar | Hakuchi31 ( bạch trĩ ３１ niên ) |
| Javanese calendar | 572–573 |
| Julian calendar | 680 DCLXXX |
| Korean calendar | 3013 |
| Minguo calendar | 1232 beforeROC Dân tiền 1232 niên |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −788 |
| Seleucid era | 991/992AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1222–1223 |
| Tibetan calendar | Âm thổ thỏ niên (female Earth-Rabbit) 806 or 425 or −347 — to — Dương kim long niên (male Iron-Dragon) 807 or 426 or −346 |
Year680(DCLXXX) was aleap year starting on Sunday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.The denomination 680 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when theAnno Dominicalendar erabecame the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
[edit]By place
[edit]Byzantine Empire
[edit]- Byzantine–Bulgarian War:TheBulgarsunderAsparukhsubjugate the country of current-dayBulgaria,north of theBalkan Mountains.EmperorConstantine IVleads a combined land and sea operation against the invaders andbesiegestheir fortified camp inDobruja.[1]
- Battle of Ongal:TheByzantine army(25,000 men) underConstantine IVis defeated by the Bulgars and theirSlavic alliesin theDanube Delta.Bulgar cavalry force the Byzantines into a rout, while Constantine (suffering from leg pain) travels toNesebarto seek treatment.
Europe
[edit]- KingWambais deposed after an 8-year reign, and forced to retire to amonastery.He is succeeded byErwigwho becomes ruler of theVisigothic Kingdom.
- KingPerctaritmakes his sonCunipertco-ruler of theLombard Kingdom.He signs a formalpeace treatywithConstantine IV.
- Pippin of HerstalbecomesMayor of the PalaceofAustrasia.
- The emporium (market town) ofDorestadis founded near the mouth of the Rhine, and soon becomes a major trading settlement in the North Sea region (approximate date).[2]
Britain
[edit]- KingCædwalla of Wessexbecomes overly ambitious in a power-struggle with his rival, KingCentwine,forWessexoverlordship. He is banished into the forests of Chiltern andAndred.[3]
Arabian Empire
[edit]- Yazid I,son of Muawiyah I, becomes the sixthcaliph(second Umayyad caliph) butKufansinMesopotamiarebel and inviteHussein ibn Ali(grandson ofMuhammad) to take the throne.
- October 10–Battle of Karbala:Forces under Yazid I kill Hussein ibn Ali and his closest supporters.[4]This event leads to the civil war known as theSecond Fitna.
Asia
[edit]- InJapan,PrincessUno Sararais unwell, and EmperorTenmubegins the erection of the Temple ofYakushi-ji(Nara Prefecture). He makes 100 people enter religion aspriests,wishing her to recover her health.
By topic
[edit]Religion
[edit]- September 17–Theodore of Tarsus,archbishop of Canterbury,convenes asynodatHatfieldthat clears theEnglish Churchfrom any association with theheresyofmonothelitism.[5]
- November 7– TheThird Council of Constantinople(Sixth Ecumenical Council) opens inConstantinopleto settle the theological controversies ofmonoenergismand monothelitism, endingSeptember 16,681.
- Wilfridreturns toNorthumbria,withpapalsupport, but is imprisoned by KingEcgfrith,and againexiled.He travels to theKingdom of Sussexand begins toevangelisethe people.
- KingMerewalhofMagonsætefounds the monastery ofWenlock PrioryinShropshire,England, appointing his daughterMilburgaasBenedictineabbess.
- Approximate date
- Bonifacebegins his education at an English CelticChristianmonastery, probably inExeternear his birthplace and one of manymonasteriolabuilt by local landowners and churchmen.[6]
- TheBook of Durrowis created, probably in Northumbria or on the island ofIonain the ScottishInner Hebrides.
Births
[edit]- Ali Asghar ibn Husayn,Son of 3rdshiaImam. Killed inKarbala(d.680)
- Fujiwara no Muchimaro,Japanese politician (d.737)
- Genshō,empress ofJapan(d.748)
- Oda of Scotland,Christiansaint(approximate date)
- Wu Daozi,Chinesepainter(d.760)
Deaths
[edit]- January 1–Javanshir,king ofCaucasian Albania(b.616)
- January 30–Balthild,queen of theFranks
- October 9–Ghislain,Frankishanchoriteand saint
- October 10
- Abbas ibn Ali,son ofImam Ali
- Ali al-Akbar ibn Husayn,son ofAl-Husayn
- Ali al-Asghar ibn Husayn,son ofAl-Husayn
- Habib ibn Madhahir
- Husayn ibn Ali,third ShiaImamand grandson ofMuhammad(b.626)K
- Agatho,pope of theCoptic Orthodox Church
- Bhāskara I,Indianmathematician(approximate date)
- Cædmon,Northumbrianpoet
- Ebroin,Mayor of the PalaceofNeustria(or681)
- Hilda of Whitby,Northumbrian abbess and saint
- Muawiyah I,founder of theUmayyad Caliphate(b.602)
- Umm Salama,wife of Muhammad
- Vikramaditya I,king ofChalukya(India)
- Wulfoald,Mayor of the Palace ofAustrasia
References
[edit]- ^Bury 1889,pp. 333–334.
- ^Hodges 1984.
- ^Kirby 1992,p. 119.
- ^Gordon 2005,pp. 144–146.
- ^Collier & Barham 1840,p. 250.
- ^Schieffer 1972,pp. 76–77, 103–105.
Sources
[edit]- Bury, John Bagnall(1889).A History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene.Vol. II. London: Macmillan.
- Collier, Jeremy;Barham, Francis Foster(1840).An Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain.Vol. 1. London: William Straker.
- Gordon, Matthew (2005).The Rise of Islam.Greenwood Press.ISBN978-0-313-32522-9.
- Hodges, Richard (1984). "Frisians and Franks: Argonauts of the Dark Ages".Archaeology.37(1): 26–31.ISSN0003-8113.JSTOR41728801.
- Kirby, D. P. (1992).The Earliest English Kings.London: Routledge.ISBN0-415-09086-5.
- Schieffer, Theodor(1972) [1954].Winfrid-Bonifatius und die christliche Grundlegung Europas(in German). Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.ISBN3-534-06065-2.