681
Appearance
Millennium: | 1st millennium |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
681 by topic |
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Leaders |
Categories |
Gregorian calendar | 681 DCLXXXI |
Ab urbe condita | 1434 |
Armenian calendar | 130 ԹՎ ՃԼ |
Assyrian calendar | 5431 |
Balinese saka calendar | 602–603 |
Bengali calendar | 88 |
Berber calendar | 1631 |
Buddhist calendar | 1225 |
Burmese calendar | 43 |
Byzantine calendar | 6189–6190 |
Chinese calendar | Canh thầnNiên (MetalDragon) 3378 or 3171 — to — Tân tị niên (MetalSnake) 3379 or 3172 |
Coptic calendar | 397–398 |
Discordian calendar | 1847 |
Ethiopian calendar | 673–674 |
Hebrew calendar | 4441–4442 |
Hindu calendars | |
-Vikram Samvat | 737–738 |
-Shaka Samvat | 602–603 |
-Kali Yuga | 3781–3782 |
Holocene calendar | 10681 |
Iranian calendar | 59–60 |
Islamic calendar | 61–62 |
Japanese calendar | Hakuchi32 ( bạch trĩ 32 niên ) |
Javanese calendar | 573–574 |
Julian calendar | 681 DCLXXXI |
Korean calendar | 3014 |
Minguo calendar | 1231 beforeROC Dân tiền 1231 niên |
Nanakshahi calendar | −787 |
Seleucid era | 992/993AG |
Thai solar calendar | 1223–1224 |
Tibetan calendar | Dương kim long niên (male Iron-Dragon) 807 or 426 or −346 — to — Âm kim xà niên (female Iron-Snake) 808 or 427 or −345 |
Year681(DCLXXXI) was acommon year starting on Tuesday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.The denomination 681 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when theAnno Dominicalendar erabecame the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
[edit]By place
[edit]Byzantine Empire
[edit]- Byzantine–Bulgarian War:EmperorConstantine IVis forced to acknowledge theBulgar stateinMoesia,and to pay protection money to avoid further inroads into ByzantineThrace.[1]Consequently, Constantine creates theTheme of Thraceof theByzantine Empire(located in the south-easternBalkans).[2]
- Autumn – A military revolt breaks out in theAnatolic Theme(modernTurkey). TheByzantine armymarches toChrysopolis,and sends a delegation across the straits of theHellesponttoConstantinople,demanding that the two brothers should remain co-emperors alongside Constantine IV.[3]
- September/November – Constantine IV has his brothersHeracliusandTiberiusmutilated,so they will be unable to rule. He orders that their images no longer appear on anycoinage,and that their names be removed from official documentation.[4]
- Constantine IV agrees to acompromise,and persuades the army to return to theirbarracksinAnatolia.He invites the leaders of the rebellion to come to Constantinople and consult theSenateas to how to implement the terms. On their arrival, he arrests the leaders and has themhungatSycae.[5]
Europe
[edit]- January 9–Twelfth Council of Toledo:KingErwigof theVisigothsinitiates a council, in which he implements diverse measures against theJews.Laws against violence toslavesare suppressed.
Britain
[edit]- KingÆthelwalh of SussexgivesWilfrid,exiledbishopofYork,lands inSelseyto found acathedral,namedSelsey Abbey.
- KingEcgfrith of Northumbriarequests that themonksofMonkwearmouthfound a newmonasteryatJarrow(or682).
Arabian Empire
[edit]- AMuslim Arabarmy led byUqba ibn NafireachesMorocco,before being forced back intoCyreneby theBerbers.[6]
- Armenians,Albanians,andIberiansrise in rebellion against theUmayyad Caliphate(approximate date).
Asia
[edit]- InJapantheAsuka Kiyomihara Codeis commenced underEmperor Tenmu.
- Kutluk Khanrevolts and establishes theSecond Turkic Khaganate.
- Kusakabe,second son of Tenmu, is madecrown prince.
- Sinmunbecomes king of the Korean kingdom ofSilla.[7]
By topic
[edit]Religion
[edit]- January 10–Pope Agathodies atRomeofplagueafter a 2½-year reign, in which he has persuaded Constantine IV to abolish thetaxheretofore levied at the consecration of a newly electedpope.
- September 16– TheSixth Ecumenical Council(see680) ends atConstantinople.The council reaffirms theOrthodoxdoctrines of theCouncil of Chalcedonin451,and condemnsmonothelitism.[8]
Births
[edit]- Fujiwara no Fusasaki,Japanesecounselor(d.737)
- Pei Yaoqing,chancellor of the Tang dynasty(d.743)
Deaths
[edit]- January 10–Pope Agatho
- Ebroin,Mayor of the PalaceofNeustria(or680)
- Hao Chujun,general of the Tang dynasty (b.607)
- Jayavarman I,king ofChenla(Cambodia)
- Munmu,king ofSilla(Korea)[7]
- Queen Jaui,Korean queen consort
- Queen Munmyeong,Korean queen consort
References
[edit]- ^Norwich 1990,p. 326.
- ^Kazhdan 1991,p. 501.
- ^Bury 1889,p. 308.
- ^Bellinger & Grierson 1968,p. 513.
- ^Bury 1889,p. 309.
- ^Tucker 2010,p. 205.
- ^ab"List of Rulers of Korea".www.metmuseum.org.RetrievedApril 25,2019.
- ^Canduci, p. 198.[full citation needed]
Sources
[edit]- Bellinger, Alfred Raymond;Grierson, Philip(1968).Catalogue of the Byzantine coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection.Dumbarton Oaks.OCLC847177622.
- Bury, John Bagnall(1889).A History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene.Vol. II. London: Macmillan.
- Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich,ed. (1991).The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium.New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN978-0-19-504652-6.
- Norwich, John Julius(1990).Byzantium: The Early Centuries.Penguin.ISBN0-14-011447-5.
- Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2010).A Global Chronology of Conflict.Vol. I: Ca. 3000 BCE–1499 CE.ISBN978-1-85109-672-5.