718
Appearance
Millennium: | 1st millennium |
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Centuries: | |
Decades: | |
Years: |
718 by topic |
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Leaders |
Categories |
Gregorian calendar | 718 DCCXVIII |
Ab urbe condita | 1471 |
Armenian calendar | 167 ԹՎ ՃԿԷ |
Assyrian calendar | 5468 |
Balinese saka calendar | 639–640 |
Bengali calendar | 125 |
Berber calendar | 1668 |
Buddhist calendar | 1262 |
Burmese calendar | 80 |
Byzantine calendar | 6226–6227 |
Chinese calendar | Đinh tịNiên (FireSnake) 3415 or 3208 — to — Mậu ngọ niên (EarthHorse) 3416 or 3209 |
Coptic calendar | 434–435 |
Discordian calendar | 1884 |
Ethiopian calendar | 710–711 |
Hebrew calendar | 4478–4479 |
Hindu calendars | |
-Vikram Samvat | 774–775 |
-Shaka Samvat | 639–640 |
-Kali Yuga | 3818–3819 |
Holocene calendar | 10718 |
Iranian calendar | 96–97 |
Islamic calendar | 99–100 |
Japanese calendar | Yōrō2 ( dưỡng lão 2 niên ) |
Javanese calendar | 611–612 |
Julian calendar | 718 DCCXVIII |
Korean calendar | 3051 |
Minguo calendar | 1194 beforeROC Dân tiền 1194 niên |
Nanakshahi calendar | −750 |
Seleucid era | 1029/1030AG |
Thai solar calendar | 1260–1261 |
Tibetan calendar | Âm hỏa xà niên (female Fire-Snake) 844 or 463 or −309 — to — Dương thổ mã niên (male Earth-Horse) 845 or 464 or −308 |
Year718(DCCXVIII) was acommon year starting on Saturday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar,the 718th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 718th year of the1st millennium,the 18th year of the8th century,and the 9th year of the710sdecade. The denomination 718 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when theAnno Dominicalendar erabecame the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
[edit]By place
[edit]Byzantine Empire
[edit]- Spring – A Muslim supply fleet of 760 ships under Sufyan arrives fromEgyptandNorth Africa,concealing itself along theAsiaticshore. TheByzantineslearn of the fleet's location from defectingChristian Egyptiansailors. EmperorLeo IIIsends theByzantine navyagain; hisGreek fireships destroy the enemy vessels in theSea of Marmaraand seize their supplies on shore, denying the sieging army vital provisions.[1]On land the Byzantine troops ambush an advancing Arab army, and destroy it in the hills aroundSophon,south ofNicomedia(modernTurkey).[2][3][4][5]The Arab besiegers are still suffering fromhungerand pestilence.
- August 15–Siege of Constantinople:ABulgarrelief force attacks thesiege linesatConstantinople,on the west side of theBosporus.Contemporarychroniclersreport that at least 22,000–32,000 Arabs are killed during the Bulgarian attacks. CaliphUmar IIis forced to lift thesiegeafter 13 months; the Muslim army attempts to withdraw back throughAnatolia,while the rest escapes by sea in the remaining vessels. The Arab fleet suffers further casualties tostorms,and aneruptionof thevolcanoofThera.[6]According to Arab sources 150,000 Muslims perish during the campaign.[7]
Western Europe
[edit]
- Battle of Soissons:KingChilperic IIofNeustriaand his mayor of the palaceRagenfrid,allied withEudes,independentduke of Aquitaine,march onSoissonsinPicardy(northern France) but an army ofFrankishveterans underCharles Marteldefeat the Neustrian allies, who sue for peace. Chilperic flees to the land south of the RiverLoireand Ragenfrid escapes toAngers.Charles diplomatically chooses not to execute the enemy leaders, and becomes undisputeddux Francorum,ending the Frankishcivil war.
- Summer –Battle of Covadonga:Pelagius (Don Pelayo)is proclaimed king (caudillo), and defeats theUmayyadforces underMunuza,provincial governor ofAsturias,atPicos de Europa(nearCovadonga). This marks the beginning of theReconquista,the Christian reconquest of theIberian Peninsula.He founds theKingdom of Asturias,and establishes a military base atCangas de Onís(northwest of Spain)[8](or 722).
- KingLiutprandof theLombardsbuilds a closealliancewith Charles Martel, and attacks theBavariancastles on theRiver Adige,maintaining strategic control of the Alpinepassesin the ItalianAlps(approximate date).
Britain
[edit]- KingCoenred of Northumbriadies after a 2-year reign. The throne is seized byOsric,probably a younger brother, or half-brother, of the late kingOsred I.
- Former queenCuthburhofNorthumbria,abbess ofWimborne,dies at herabbeyand is buried there (approximate date).
By topic
[edit]Religion
[edit]- TheWessex-bornmissionaryBonifacesets out forFrisiaa second time. He travels to Rome, wherePope Gregory IIsends him on a mission to convert theSaxonsinLower Saxony(modern-day Germany).
- Hugh of Champagne,cousin of Charles Martel, enters themonasteryofJumièges(Normandy), and embraces the religious life asabbot.
Births
[edit]- Constantine V,Byzantine emperor (d.775)
- Kōken,empress of Japan (d.770)
- Niall Frossach,High King of Ireland(d.778)
- Ōtomo no Yakamochi,Japanese statesman and poet,Shōgun(d.785)
Deaths
[edit]- Coenred,king ofNorthumbria
- Cuthburh,Anglo-Saxonabbess(approximate date)
- Plectrude,Neustrian regent
References
[edit]- ^John Cairns, "Road to Manzikert" (2012). Byzantine Warfare in an Age of Crisis and Recovery (Chapter 3), p. 70.ISBN978-1-84884-215-1
- ^Guilland, Rodolphe(1959). "L'Expedition de Maslama contre Constantinople (717–718)".Études byzantines(in French). Paris: Publications de la Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines de Paris: 122.OCLC603552986.
- ^Mango, Cyril;Scott, Roger (1997).The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor. Byzantine and Near Eastern History, AD 284–813.Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 546.ISBN0-19-822568-7.
- ^Lilie, Ralph-Johannes(1976).Die byzantinische Reaktion auf die Ausbreitung der Araber. Studien zur Strukturwandlung des byzantinischen Staates im 7. und 8. Jhd(in German). Munich: Institut für Byzantinistik und Neugriechische Philologie der Universität München. pp. 130–131.
- ^Treadgold, Warren(1997).A History of the Byzantine State and Society.Stanford, California:Stanford University Press.p. 348.ISBN0-8047-2630-2.
- ^Treadgold, Warren(1997).A History of the Byzantine State and Society.Stanford, California:Stanford University Press.pp. 347–349.ISBN0-8047-2630-2.
- ^Haldon, John F. (1990).Byzantium in the Seventh Century: The Transformation of a Culture. Revised Edition.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.p. 83.ISBN978-0-521-31917-1.
- ^David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 17).ISBN978-184603-230-1