9th century BC
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The9th century BCstarted the first day of 900 BC and ended the last day of 801 BC. It was a period of great change for several civilizations. InAfrica,Carthageis founded by thePhoenicians.InEgypt,a severe flood covers the floor ofLuxortemple, and years later, a civil war starts.
It is the beginning of theIron AgeinCentral Europe,with the spread of theProto-CelticHallstatt culture,and theProto-Celtic language.
The majorOlmecsite ofSan Lorenzo TenochtitláninMesoamericadeclined in importance, after having been active since15th century BC.
Events
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- 899 BC: The first year ofKing Yih of Zhou's reign is marked by a solar eclipse.
- 892 BC:Megacles,King of Athens,dies after a reign of 30 years and is succeeded by his son Diognetus.
- 892 BC:King Xiao of Zhouoverthrows King Yih of Zhou and takes the throne.
- 891 BC:Tukulti-Ninurta IIsucceeds his fatherAdad-nirari IIas king ofAssyria.
- 890 BC:Napolisome reports and excavations about the foundation of the city
- 887 BC:Soshenq IIsucceedsOsorkon Ias king ofEgypt.
- 885 BC:Takelot Isucceeds Soshenq II as king of Egypt.
- 885 BC:King Yi of Zhou,son of King Yih, is restored to the throne.
- 884 BC:Ashurnasirpal IIsucceeds his fatherTukulti-Ninurta IIas king ofAssyria.
- ~880 BC:Ashurnasirpal IImoves the Assyrian capital fromAssurtoNimrud.
- 879 BC: Death ofKing Yi of Zhou,King of theZhou Dynastyof China.
- 878 BC:King Li of Zhoubecomes King of theZhou Dynastyof China.
- 874 BC:Osorkon IIsucceedsTakelot Ias king of theTwenty-second dynasty of Egypt.
- 874 BC:Ahabbecomes king ofKingdom of Israel(approximate date).
- 872 BC:Parshvanatha,23rdTirthankaraofJainismwas born.[1]
- 872 BC: An exceptionally high flood from theNilecovers the floors of theTemple of Luxor.
- 865 BC: Kar Kalmaneser was conquered by theAssyriankingShalmaneser III.
- 864 BC: Diognetus,Archon of Athens,dies after a reign of 28 years and is succeeded by his son Pherecles.
- 860 BC: The kingdom ofUrartuis unified.
- 858 BC:Aramubecomes king ofUrartu.
- 858 BC:Shalmaneser IIIsucceedsAshurnasirpal IIas king ofAssyria.
- 854/3 BC:Battle of Karkar—An indecisive engagement betweenAssyriankingShalmaneser IIIand a military alliance of the king ofDamascusand lesser powers including theprinceofTyre.(Either 854 or 853 BC)
- 850 BC:Takelot IIascends to the throne ofUpper Egypt
- 850 BC: TheMiddle Mumun Pottery Periodbegins in theKorean peninsula.
- 850 BC:Tagaung Kingdomis founded byAbhiyazaof theSakya clanof theBuddhain 850 BCE, present-day northernBurmaat the upper banks of the Irrawaddy river.[2]
- 845 BC: Pherecles,Archon of Athens,dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his sonAriphron.
- 842 BC:Shalmaneser IIIdevastates the territory ofDamascus;Kingdom of Israeland thePhoeniciancities send tribute.
- 841 BC: Exile ofKing Li of Zhou,King of theZhou Dynastyof China.
- 841 BC:Records of the Grand Historianregards this year as the first year of consecutive annual dating ofChinese history.
- 841 BC:Ahaziah of JudahandJehoram of Israelare assassinated, either by theIsraeliteusurperJehu,or the newly crownedHazaelofAram-Damascus,per theTel Dan stele.
- 840 BC:Gopala Dynastystarted in Nepal, first dynasty to rule in a country named Nepal despite its present geographical boundaries.
- 836 BC:Shalmaneser IIIofAssyrialeads an expedition against the Tabareni.
- 836 BC:Civil warbreaks out inEgypt.
- 827 BC:King Xuan of Zhoubecomes King of theZhou Dynastyof China.
- 825 BC:Takelot II,king ofEgypt,dies.Crown PrinceOsorkon IIIandShoshenq III,sons of Takelot, battle for the throne.
- c. 825 BC:Ariphron,King of Athens,dies after a reign of 20 years and is succeeded by his son Thespieus.
- 823 BC: Death ofShalmaneser III,king ofAssyria.He is succeeded by his sonShamshi-Adad V.
- 820 BC:Pygmalionascends the throne ofTyre.
- 817 BC:Pedubastis Ideclares himself king ofEgypt,founding theTwenty-third Dynasty.
- 814 BC:Carthageis founded byDido(traditional date).
- 811 BC:Adad-nirari IIIsucceeds his fatherShamshi-Adad Vas king ofAssyria.
- 804 BC:Adad-nirari IIIofAssyriaconquersDamascus.
- 804 BC: Death ofPedubastis I,pharaoh.
- c. 800 BC:Etruscan civilization.
- Beginning of theIron AgeinCentral Europe,spread of theProto-CelticHallstatt culture,and theProto-Celtic language.
- Adena cultureappears in present-dayNortheastern United States.
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
[edit]- First inscriptions inEpigraphic South Arabianfound inAkkele Guzay[3]
- 9th century BC—Olmecsbuildpyramids.
- 9th century BC -Canalfor transport constructed in Ancient China.
- Emergence of theBrahmanaperiod ofVedic Sanskrit,probable composition of theShatapatha Brahmana,and the first beginning of theUpanishadicandVedantictraditions ofHinduism.
- 9th century BC --ParshvanathgivesJain philosophy of Karma theory,Vows ofSramana(Ahimsa,Asteya,Aparigraha,Satya)
In works of fiction
[edit]- InHighlander,the immortal Juan Sánchez Villa-Lobos Ramírez (Sean Connery) was born in Egypt in 896 BC.
- InTrue Blood,the vampire known as Russell Edgington was born around 850 BC, and was turned about 800 BC.
Sovereign states
[edit]See:List of sovereign states in the 9th century BC.
Notes
[edit]- ^Zimmer 1952,p. 182-183.
- ^Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 153–154
- ^Fattovich, Rodolfo, "Akkälä Guzay" in Uhlig, Siegbert, ed.Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C.Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz KG, 2003, p. 169.
References
[edit]- Zimmer, Heinrich(1952),Joseph Campbell(ed.),Philosophy of India,London:Routledge& Kegan Paul Ltd,
Not in copyright
