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A4 road (England)

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A4 shield
A4
Bath Road
Route information
Length126.64 mi (203.81 km)
Major junctions
East endA40in theCity of London
Major intersections
West endA403inAvonmouth[1]
Location
CountryUnited Kingdom
Constituent countryEngland
Primary
destinations		Westminster,Hammersmith,Hounslow,Heathrow Airport,Slough,Maidenhead,Reading,Newbury,Marlborough,Calne,Chippenham,Bath,Bristol
Road network
←A3→A5

TheA4is a major road inEnglandfromCentral LondontoAvonmouthviaHeathrow Airport,Reading,BathandBristol.It is historically known as theBath Roadwith newer sections including theGreat West RoadandPortway.The road was once the main route from London to Bath, Bristol and the west of England and formed, after theA40,the second main western artery from London.

Although most traffic is carried by theM4 motorwaytoday, the A4 still acts as the main route fromBristoltoLondonfor non-motorway traffic.

History[edit]

Turnpikes[edit]

The A4 has gone through many transformations through the ages from pre-Roman routes,Roman roads(such asthe one passing Silbury Hill),[2]and basic wagon tracks. During the Middle Ages, most byways and tracks served to connect villages with their nearest market town. A survey of Savernake Forest near Hungerford in 1228 mentions "The King's Street" running between the town andMarlborough.This street corresponded roughly with the route of the modern A4. In 1632,Thomas Witheringswas appointed Postmaster of Foreign Mails by Charles I. Three years later, the king charged him with building six "Great Roads" to aid in the delivery of the post, of which the Great West Road was one.[3]

It was not until the 17th century that a distinct route between London and Bristol started to resemble today's road. During the 17th century, the A4 was known as the Great Road to Bristol. WhenQueen Annestartedpatronising the spa city of Bath,the road became more commonly known as Bath Road. Over the years, the direction of the road has taken many detours depending on such factors as changes in tolls or turnpike patronage. For example, in 1750 the toll road from London was altered to go throughMelksham;[4]and in 1695 the map maker, John Ogilby, produced a map of the Hungerford area of the Great West Road showing two possible routes.[3]

As Bath became more popular with the wealthy and famous, it was inevitable thatturnpike trustswould be set up under the terms of theTurnpike Actsto pay for maintenance and improvements to the road. The first turnpike on this road was betweenReadingandThealein 1714.[5]Due to increasing traffic, sections of the road betweenKensington,over Hounslow Hill, toTwyfordwere turnpike by 1717 with the remaining sections placed under turnpike trusts.

Strip Map of Bath Road 1786.

As turnpike trusts were individually run, there was the possibility for greatly differing road conditions, especially over theLondon Claybasin ofKensington,Brentford,HounslowandSlough,where winter conditions left the way muddy and uneven. This was not always the case with the Bath Road, as many of the wealthy landowners along the route co-operated informally and exercised a large amount of control over feeder roads. As a result, control of the Bath Road was easy to maintain and many inns and towns became prosperous.

Tollhouses were established atColnbrook,Maidenhead,Twyford,Castle StreetReading,Thatcham andBenham.[6]During the 1820s, the employment of good surveyors improved the condition of the road and aided an increased flow of wealthy travellers. The tolls raised from such clientele ensured that when the turnpike trusts handed over the route to localhighway boards,they had no financial liabilities.[7]Justices of the peace were empowered by theHighway Act 1862to combine turnpike trusts into highways districts. This meant that by the late 1860s trusts were either not renewing their powers or were being terminated by general Acts of Parliament. For example, most turnpikes in Berkshire, including the Bath Road, were officially wound up by 1878 when legislation transferred responsibility for dis-enturnpiked roads to the newcounty councils.[dubious–discuss]The tollgate on the Bath Road west of Reading was removed in 1864 as the outward pressure of urban development made rates a more acceptable way of financing the maintenance of what was now a suburban road.

Postal service and coaching[edit]

With the improvement being made to the road systems, the business of moving mail became easier and thus more profitable as volumes were able to increase. In Bristol, a postal office had been well established by the 1670s.[8]The journey time to London at this period was about 16 and three quarter hours.[9]A letter from Bath in 1684 took about 3 days going via a postal office inMarshfieldon the Bristol Road. (The route to Bristol did not yet go through Bath at this time). Journey times during the Turnpike era fell with the improvements from 2 days in 1752 to 38 hours in 1782 and 18 hours by 1836. Royal Mail coaches in 1836 were able to do the trip in 12 to 13 hours.[3]

Further improvements to regional post services were made between 1719 and 1763 due to contracts with the London Inland Letter Office negotiated byRalph Allen,the postmaster of Bath.[10]

In the early part of the 19th century, coaching was at its height with sixstagecoacheseach day carrying passengers to and from London along the Bath Road in 1830,[11]rising to ten by 1836.[3]Hungerford is at about the midway point of the journey between London and Bristol and was ideally positioned to take advantage of the increase in coaching. In 1836, five companies operated a coaching service through Hungerford.[3]This peak was to be short-lived following the construction of theGreat Western Railway.The decline in coaching traffic in Hungerford coincided with the building of the Great Western Railway from London to Bath and Bristol, and the subsequentBerks and Hants Railwayline from Newbury to Hungerford itself in 1847.[3]By 1843, it was reported that the stage coaches had ceased running between Bristol and London.[12]

Route[edit]

Holborn Circus to Westminster (0.4 miles)[edit]

View down New Fetter Lane fromHolborn Circus,withSainsbury'shead office on the right

The A4 begins asNew Fetter Lanein theCity of LondonatHolborn Circuson theA40.It goes in a southerly direction to joinFleet Streetwhere many British national newspapers at one time had their head offices.

Westminster to Hammersmith via Kensington (4.6 miles)[edit]

The road heads west through the City of Westminster viaAldwychand theStrand,passing notable landmarks such as theRoyal Courts of Justice,theSavoyandAdelphi theatres,andCharing Cross railway station.

From Charing Cross station toGreen Park,the westbound and eastbound routes of the A4 are considerably different, due to one-way systems. Westbound, the A4 continues along the Strand up toCharing Crossitself, then alongCockspur Streetand intoPall Mall,the location of many exclusivegentlemen's clubsas well as theInstitute of Directors,before turning right along St James's Street to reachPiccadilly.

Eastbound from Green Park, the A4 runs along the full length of Piccadilly toPiccadilly Circus,before turning right alongHaymarket.It bears left along Pall Mall East, then right along the west side ofTrafalgar Square,past theNational GalleryandCanada House,to Charing Cross. Finally, it bears left along the east side of the Square, pastSouth Africa House,then right along Duncannon Street to reach Charing Cross station.

The first part ofRegent Street,from Waterloo Place to Piccadilly Circus, is also signed as the A4; all traffic here runs in a northbound direction.

Piccadilly Circus

From Green Park, the A4 enters a short tunnel underHyde Park Corner,whereWellington Archis located. Afterwards, the road continues along the first part ofKnightsbridge,before bearing left ontoBrompton Road.This is an affluent area of London, in which theHarrodsandHarvey Nicholsdepartment stores are located as well as numerousembassies.At this point, the road enters theRoyal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.

At theBrompton Oratory,the road bears right along Thurloe Place and Cromwell Gardens, past theVictoria and Albert Museumand theIsmaili Centre,and ontoCromwell Road,past theNatural History Museum.AtEarls Court,the A4 becomesdual carriageway,and continues along West Cromwell Road, over theWest London LineintoWest Kensingtonand theBorough of Hammersmith and Fulham.

A 5-mile (8.0 km) section of the road from Knightsbridge to theChiswick Flyoverwas the first section ofClearwaydesignated in London. It introduced no stopping on the road during rush hours on 21 August 1961.[13]

Hammersmith to Heathrow Airport (10.7 miles)[edit]

Hammersmith Flyover

The A4 continues alongTalgarth Roadpast theLondon Academy of Music and Dramatic Art.The road becomes elevated at theHammersmith Flyoverand heads towardsHeathrow Airportas the Great West Road, passing Hammersmith's two churches ofSt PaulandSt Peter.At this point the road is close to theRiver Thames.

The road entersChiswickand theBorough of Hounslow,passingFuller's Brewery.AfterHogarth Roundabout,the road passesHogarth's Houseand is called Hogarth Lane, then Ellesmere Road and Cedars Road. It becomes the Great West Road again just a few yards short of the start ofChiswick Flyover,which is junction 1 of the M4.Gunnersbury's Russian Orthodox Cathedral is clearly visible on the right.

The next major intersection isChiswick Roundabout,which is the junction for both theNorthandSouth Circular Roads.The road then passes the Glaxo-Smith Kline premises inBrentfordwhere it follows underneath its successor the M4 as far as the bridge over theRiver Brent.The stretch between Chiswick's western border to Syon Lane (Gillette Corner) is known as theGolden Milewith some notable Art Deco factories. The road remains as the Great West Road throughOsterleyandHounslowwhere it splits with theA30,which is known as the Great South West Road. Between the two world wars, the Great West Road was built as a bypass to relieve traffic congestion in Brentford and Hounslow.

After the A30, the A4 changes its name to Bath Road, entersCranford,and crosses theRiver Craneinto theBorough of Hillingdon.It then passes along the northern boundary ofHeathrow Airport,before leaving the London suburbs over theM25towards the west.

Heathrow Airport to Slough (6.7 miles)[edit]

The A4 nearHeathrow Airport

After leaving Heathrow Airport, still the A4, it becomes theColnbrook Bypassand climbs over the M25 motorway. This bypass for the narrow main road ofColnbrookwas built after the Second World War across farmland betweenHarmondsworthand the outskirts ofLangley.

The next major intersection is junction 5 of the M4 (Slough-East) known as the Langley junction. At this point the A4 loses itstrunk roadclassification.

Continuing towardsSloughtown centre, the road, now named London Road, passes Kedermister Park on the right. Changing into Sussex Place, the architecturally impressive St Bernard's former convent is on the right. Becoming the dual carriageway Wellington Street (a late 1960s bypass for the High Street), Tesco's massive "aircraft hangar" supermarket is on the right and the Queensmere and Observatory Shopping Centres on the left.

The end of this section of the Great Western Road is in the centre of Slough at the junction of William Street and Wellington Street. This spot was formerly the site of Slough's largest roundabout on the south-east corner of Thames Valley University. Nearby isSlough railway station,served by Great Western Railway.

The roundabout was removed in 2011 and the university's Slough campus closed in 2011 after planning permission was granted for 1,598 flats.

Slough to Maidenhead (6.0 miles)[edit]

The A4 inSlough

Continuing from the William Street / Wellington Street junction, in the centre ofSlough,the road heads westwards towards Maidenhead. The short stretch of dual carriageway is Wellington Street, then briefly on the most western end of the High Street, over the railway bridge for the line between Slough andWindsorCentral Station.

The Bath Road begins on the west side of the bridge. On the left is Slough's 1936 Town Hall, now abandoned by the local council, and on the rightSalt HillPark.

The next major road intersection is by the Three Tuns Pub where the A4 crosses theA355.This road goes north towards Farnham Royal, Farnham Common, Beaconsfield and theM40at junction 2. To the south, it goes towards theM4(junction 6, Slough Centre) andWindsor.

The route at this point runs parallel to both theGreat Western Main Lineand the M4. The road continues past the southern fringe ofSlough Trading Estate.

Maidenhead Bridgecrossing theRiver Thames

On Slough's western boundary is the Huntercombe Spur roundabout linking the A4 to junction 7 of the M4 motorway. Here the dual carriageway ends. The road bends right atTaplowand passes under a high railway bridge, then over the River Thames flood prevention channel.

The road then goes over Maidenhead's old bridgeMaidenhead Bridge,spanning theRiver Thames,and into the eastern outskirts of Maidenhead.

Along Bridge Road, St Cloud Way and Bad Godesberg Way respectively. The centre of Maidenhead is reached at the roundabout that forms the junction with theA308.Turning northwards on the A308 would lead to theA404towardsMarlowandHigh Wycombe.Southwards, the A308 heads towards Windsor and provides an opportunity to branch off for junction 8/9 of the M4.

Maidenhead to Reading (12.3 miles)[edit]

Heading out of Maidenhead town centre, the road follows Castle Hill and then Bath Road. At the outskirts, the road forms part of junction 9b of the A404(M)/A404, which links junction 8/9 of the M4 with junction 4 of the M40 at Handy Cross. The A4 crosses open countryside before following New Bath Road on the outskirts ofTwyford.This is a bypass, built in 1929, that deviates from the old route of the A4, and crosses theRiver Loddonon its way into the suburbs ofReadingvia the village of Charvil.

The A4 passes the King George's Field inSonning,which are used as playing fields, and the Reading Cricket andHockey Club.As it enters Reading, along the London Road again, it crosses the junction of the A3290 next toPalmer Park,which leads to Junction 10 of the M4.

Cemetery Junction,Readingin 1976

The A4 goes over the intersection with theA329Cemetery Junctionwhich linksWokinghamwithPangbourne,passing the Royal Berkshire Hospital and the London Road Campus of theUniversity of Reading.At London Street and again at Southampton Street, the A4 meets theA327twice, since the latter loops round on two branches which meet at Whitley Street. Between the two junctions, the A4 becomes Crown Street for approximately 150 metres.

Reading to Newbury (16.7 miles)[edit]

On the other side of the intersection the A4 follows Pell Street and continues westward. Here it crosses theRiver Kennet,theHoly Brookand theA33relief road, which goes towardsBasingstoke.InWest Reading,the A4 becomes Berkeley Avenue, and then the Bath Road. It passesProspect Park,and the suburbs ofSouthcote,Horncastle andCalcot,before reaching Junction 12 of the M4. The A4 heads south westerly throughThealeand over the roundabout connecting it to theA340which heads towards Pangbourne.

Heading towardsThatcham,the road passesAldermaston Wharfnext to theKennet and Avon Canaland through the villages ofWoolhamptonandMidgham.A large industrial estate is on the left as the road enters Thatcham. At the roundabout after the industrial Estate the route follows London Road and passes Thatcham towards Benham Hill andNewbury.At the Benham Hill roundabout it goes along Bath Road where it deviates from Turnpike Road. Bath Road is the original turnpiked road and the road now confusingly called Turnpike Road was originally called The Shaw Road.[14]The turnpike then continues along London Road as it enters the outskirts of Newbury.

Heading towards the centre of Newbury, the route passes theWest Berkshire Community Hospitalon the right. To the North of the town centre the road becomes part of an unusual junction with theA339that links the newA34by-pass to the north withBasingstoketo the south. The junction is a combination of a figure of eight roundabout with an elevated section that used to be the old route of the A34.

Newbury to Marlborough (18.8 miles)[edit]

Aerial view of High Street,Marlborough

After the junction, the road heads out of town throughSpeenhamlandalong Western Avenue and Bath Road to the junction with the A34Newbury bypass,which was opened, after some controversy, on 17 November 1998, at a cost of £104 million.[15]The route heads over undulating countryside in a fairly straight westward direction towardsHungerford,parallel to theKennet and Avon Canaland crossing theRiver Kenneton the outskirts of the town at the same time as intersecting with theA338.The route does not enter the town centre, but continues through the northern part of town on its way toMarlborough,via the village ofFroxfieldand the northern edge ofSavernake Forest.

On entering the outskirts of Marlborough the road follows London Road. Crossing the River Kennet again it briefly shares the highway with theA346which connects northwards toSwindon.It splits again at a roundabout along New Road and Oxford Street into the town centre on the High Street. The High Street is a traditional main thoroughfare for an English market town, in that it is wide, with space for market stalls on either side and in the middle, though these spaces are usually marked for car parking.[16]

Until the late 1980s most of this section, and some of the following Wiltshire section, was configured as three lanes, with the central lane available for overtaking traffic in either direction. This is no longer considered safe so the road now has one wider-than-normal lane in each direction, withghost islandsat junctions to discourage overtaking at these points.

Marlborough to Chippenham (18.9 miles)[edit]

Aerial view ofSilbury Hill

The A4 continues along the High Street on its way out of Marlborough via Bridewell Street and Bath Road. The road passes underneath a covered bridge that links Morris House ofMarlborough Collegeto the North Block of the same establishment.[17]The college is an independent boarding school established in 1843 using some of the buildings that remained after the demise of the coaching trade, which saw the original Castle Inn Coaching House close.

The route continues westward through the village ofFyfield,acrossOverton Hillwhere there is a parking area at the start of theRidgeway National Trailand through the village ofWest Kennett.On leaving West Kennett there are some lay-bys where visitors can walk a short distance from the road to the NeolithicWest Kennet Long Barrow,which forms part of the Avebury World Heritage Site.[18]One mile further along the A4 isSilbury Hill,which is also part of the Avebury World Heritage Site. A purpose built car park is located beyond the hill on the right travelling westward.[19]As the route approaches theBeckhamptonroundabout, which forms the intersection with theA361,it passes by the Waggon & Horses Inn, built in 1669 to profit from the increasing trade along the old Bath Road. It is mentioned inThe Pickwick PapersbyCharles Dickens.[20]

Cherhill White Horseas seen from the A4

The route continues pastCherhill.TheCherhill White Horse[21]can be seen to the left, and nearby theLansdowne Monument.The route then descends the Labour in Vain Hill through the village ofQuemerfordand into the market town ofCalne.Heading towards the town centre, the road crosses a double mini roundabout, one exit forming the junction with theA3102to Melksham. It follows New Road and passes by the oldcoaching innof the Lansdowne Strand.[22]On the way out of Calne, the road goes along Curzon Street, and then to Chilvester Hill at the roundabout where the northern part of the A3102 splits off towardsLyneham.

The A4 descends steeply before climbing again up Black Dog Hill past theBowood HouseEstate. The old road used to pass throughDerry Hill,but the New Road, as it is called at this point, indicates that the village was bypassed. There follows a steep descent to the junction with theA342Devizesroad and a right turn past the Lysley Arms towardsChippenham.

On the outskirts of Chippenham is a large roundabout, where the A4 used to carry straight on down London Road and The Causeway into the town centre, which has since been pedestrianised. Most traffic turns left to go round the Pewsham Estate relief road called Pewsham Way, which is now the classified A4 route. After four roundabouts, the A4 turns left in a southerly direction at another roundabout. The route heads downhill over theRiver Avonon the AvenueLa Fleche,named after one of Chippenham's twin towns, to the Bridge Centre roundabout.

Chippenham to Bath (12.7 miles)[edit]

The Paragon,Bath

The Bridge Centre roundabout forms a junction of the A4 with theA420Bristol Road. The route heads over Rowden Hill past the Chippenham Community Hospital and down to the spot where musicianEddie Cochranwas killed in a car crash on 17 April 1960. A plaque has been placed there in remembrance.[23]

From there it passes under the railway arch built byIsambard Kingdom Brunelin the 1830s and on to its junction with theA350.From this point onwards it regains itstrunk roadstatus and heads up Chequers Hill towardsCorsham.The road passes throughPickwick,which used to be a village in its own right. Charles Dickens stayed at the Hare & Hounds Inn and used the village name for the title of his novelThe Pickwick Papers.[24]

After a series of roundabouts the A4 continues uphill, past what used to be the Ministry of Defence Naval Operations site at Copenacre (now a housing development) before descending steeply to the village ofBox.From the road theBox Tunnel,built as part of theGreat Western Railway,can be seen clearly. The road bears to the right at the junction with theA365toMelksham,and criss-crosses with the main railway line as far as the roundabout atBathfordwhich forms a junction with theA363towardsBradford-on-Avon.The road after this roundabout becomes a dual carriageway until the A4 diverts to the left down a slip road, and the remainder becomes theA46;this section, the 3-mile (4.8 km) £45 million dual-carriagewayBatheaston/SwainswickBypass, opened in summer 1996, was highly controversial both at planning and at construction stages.

The route enters the outskirts of Bath passing by the training grounds ofBath RFC.After a series of traffic light controlled junctions, the A4 continues straight ahead where it meets theA36.It passes Hedgemead Park and downThe Paragonbefore crossing into George Street and toQueen Square.

Bath to Bristol/Avonmouth (19.6 miles)[edit]

A4 passing under theClifton Suspension Bridge

In the original 1922 road numbering list, the A4 ended at the junction between George Street andMilsom Streetin Bath. On 1 April 1935, it was extended over the A431 and B4044 to Newbridge, and the A36 to Avonmouth.[25][26]

From Queen Square, Bath, the A4 carries on to Queen Square Place and Charlotte Street, before heading along the Upper Bristol Road byRoyal Victoria Parkto Newbridge Road. The road crosses the River Avon on its way to join the A36 and becomes a dual carriageway again until the roundabout that forms the junction with theA39Wells Road at the Globe Inn and exit for the nearbyBath Spa University.It continues on through the village ofSaltfordtowardsKeynshamwhere a roundabout splits the road and the A4 continues as a dual carriageway by-passing the town, crossing over theRiver Chewin the process.

The end of the by-pass coincides with the junction of the Avon Ring Road, theA4174.The route goes through the suburb ofBrislington,going past Arnos Court Park andArnos Vale Cemetery.The road runs over a bridge over theNew Cutand into Temple Gate whereBristol Temple Meads railway stationis located. The A4 no longer has a defined route from this point to the start of Anchor Road atThe Centre;originally it went along Victoria Street and Baldwin Street before turning left onto St Augustine's Parade or, later, Broad Quay, but in more recent times it followed Redcliffe Way, via Redcliffe Roundabout (junction with theA38) acrossQueen SquaretoThe Centre.From there it turns back towardsBristol Harbourvia Anchor Road past theWe The Curiousscience museum. After another roundabout the A4 follows along Hotwell Road and around a one-way system that merges the A4 with theA3029.

At this point the A4 regains trunk road classification and passes under theClifton Suspension Bridgealong thePortway.It heads out of the city into the suburbs ofSea MillsandShirehamptonbefore going under theM5to end at the roundabout that feeds the motorway, theM49andA403in Avonmouth.

Junction list[edit]

CountyLocationmi[27][28][29][30][31]kmDestinationsNotes
Greater LondonCity of London0.00.0A40/ B500 north (Charterhouse Street) to B501 –West End,Holborn,Stratford,Barbican,King's Cross,SmithfieldEastern terminus; continues as B500 beyond A40
Westminster0.71.1Kingsway (A4200north)Southern terminus of A4200
0.81.3Waterloo Bridge(A301south)No access from A4 east to A301 south or from A301 north to A4 west; northern terminus of A301
1.72.7Regent Street (A4201north)Eastbound access only; southern terminus of A4201
2.4–
2.8		3.9–
4.5		Ring Road(A302east /A4202north) ―Westminster,KilburnGrade-separated junction;Kilburn signed westbound only
Westminster―
Kensington &Chelsea
borough boundary		3.04.8A3216south (Sloane Street) –Chelsea,Sloane SquareNorthern terminus of A3216
3.04.8A315west (Knightsbridge) –KensingtonEastern terminus of A315
Kensington & Chelsea3.55.6Brompton Road (A308south-west) ―Fulham,ChelseaNo access from A3 east to A308; north-eastern terminus of A308
4.77.6A3220south (Earls Court Road) toA3212–Battersea,Chelsea,Earl's Court,WestminsterRoutes and Westminster signed eastbound only
4.97.9A3220north toA40–Shepherd's Bush,Olympia
Hammersmith & Fulham5.7–
6.3		9.2–
10.1		ToA219/A306/A315–HammersmithHammersmith flyover;grade-separated junction
Hounslow7.1–
7.3		11.4–
11.7		A316toM3–Richmond,Chiswick
8.413.5M4west (Chiswick flyover) –Heathrow,Staines,HounslowEastern terminus of M4; westbound exit and eastbound entrance
8.613.8A205east (South Circular) /A406east (North Circular) toA315/M1/A40–Richmond,Wembley,Ealing,KewRichmond, Wembley, and Ealing signed westbound only, Kew eastbound only; western terminus of A205 / A406
9.2–
9.4		14.8–
15.1		M4west –Heathrow,SloughWestbound exit and entrance
M4east –Central London,HammersmithEastbound exit and entrance
9.915.9A3002(Boston Manor Road) –Brentford,Hanwell
12.420.0A3005(Lampton Road / Heston Road) –Hounslow,Southall,HestonSouthall and Heston signed westbound only; most access via Jersey Road
12.820.6A3063(Sutton Lane / Upper Sutton Lane) –Hounslow,Southall,HestonNo access from A4 west to A3063 north or from A4 east to A3063 south; Southall and Heston signed eastbound only
13.722.0A3006east (Bath Road) –HounslowNo access from A3006 to A4 east; western terminus of A3006
13.822.2A30west (Great South-West Road) –Heathrow,StainesEastern terminus of A30
14.222.9A312toM4/M25/A30–Feltham,Harrow,Hayes,Cranford,HeathrowTo A30 and Heathrow signed eastbound only
Hillingdon15.625.1A437north (High Street) / Hatton Road North –Harlington,Heathrow Airport(Terminals 4 & Cargo)Southern terminus of A437
16.226.1A408(Sipson Road) / Nene Road –Sipson,Heathrow Airport(Terminals 1, 2 & 3)Southern terminus of A408
17.428.0A3044north (Hatch Lane) –West Drayton,HarmondsworthA3044 and destinations signed eastbound only; eastern terminus of A3044 concurrency
18.129.1A3044south (Stanwell Moor Road) toM25/ Saxon Way –Heathrow Airport,Staines,Colnbrook,Poyle,Longford,HarmondsworthTo M25, Heathrow, Staines, and Harmondsworth signed westbound only; western terminus of A3044 concurrency
BerkshireSlough20.533.0M4toM25–London,Reading,Windsor,Maidenhead,Heathrow AirportM4 junction 5
22.536.2A412(Uxbridge Road) toA332/ B376 –Uxbridge,Datchet,Windsor,WatfordWatford signed eastbound only
23.938.5A355(Tuns Lane / Farnham Road) /M4/M40–Windsor,Beaconsfield
25.841.5M4–London,ReadingM4 junction 7
Buckinghamshire―
Berkshirecounty
boundary		Taplow―
Maidenheadboundary		27.9–
28.0		44.9–
45.1		Maidenhead BridgeoverRiver Thames
BerkshireMaidenhead28.045.1A4094north (Ray Mead Road) –CookhamSouthern terminus of A4094
29.046.7A308(Frascati Way / Marlow Road) toM4/A330–Winsor,Bracknell,Marlow
​30.849.6A404(M)south /A404east toM4/M40/A4130–Reading,Slough,Windsor,Wycombe,Marlow,Oxford,HenleyReading signed westbound only; northern terminus of A404(M); western terminus of A404; A404(M) junction 9B
Hare Hatch35.156.5A3032south-west (London Road) –Ruscombe,TwyfordTwyford signed eastbound only; north-eastern terminus of A3032
Twyford36.258.3A321(Wargrave Road) –Twyford,Wokingham,Wargrave,Henley
Charvil37.560.4A3032north-east (Old Bath Road) / B478 (Charvil Lane) –Twyford,Charvil,SonningSouth-western terminus of A3032
Earley40.064.4A3290toA329(M)/M4/ Thomas Valley Park –Wokingham,Bracknell
Reading40.565.2A329–Wokingham,Earley
Begin one-way
41.366.5A327south (Silver Street)Westbound junction
41.767.1A329north toA33/M4–Caversham
A327(Mill Lane) –Aldershot		Eastbound junction
41.466.6Southampton Street (A327north / M4 east) toA33/M4/A329–CavershamWestbound junction
End one-way
42.568.4Bath Road (A4155north-east) ―Town centreSoutheastern terminus of A4155
Theale45.973.9M4–London,South Wales,Newbury,OxfordM4 junction 12
​47.276.0A340north / The Grn –Pangbourne,ThealeEastern terminus of A340 concurrency
​49.980.3A340south (Basingstroke Road) –Basingstoke,Aldermaston,TadleyWestern terminus of A340 concurrency
Newbury58.293.7A339/ B4009 north-east (Shaw Road) toA34/M4–Basingstoke,Winchester,Oxford,HermitageSouth-western terminus of B4009
​59.8–
60.1		96.2–
96.7		A34toA303/M3/M4–Winchester,Basingstoke,Southampton,The Midlands,OxfordGrade-separated junctionon M34
Eddington66.7107.3A338north toM4–Wantage,RAF WelfordEastern terminus of A338 concurrency
Hungerford67.0107.8A338south (Bridge Street) –Town centre,SalisburyWestern terminus of A338 concurrency
WiltshireMarlborough76.6123.3A346south (Salisbury Street) toA338–SalisburyEastern terminus of A346 concurrency
76.8123.6A346north (Barn Street) toM4–Swindon,Ramsbury,OgbourneWestern terminus of A346 concurrency
77.2124.2A345south (Pewsey Road) –AmesburyNorthern terminus of A345
Avebury83.6134.5A4361north (Beckhampton Road) /A361west –Swindon,Wroughton,Devizes,Bishops CanningsSouthern terminus of A4361; eastern terminus of A361
Calne89.7144.4A3102south-west (Silver Street) –MelkshamEastern terminus of A3102 concurrency
90.5145.6A3102north-east (Greenacres Way) –Wootton Bassett,LynehamWestern terminus of A3102 concurrency
​93.0149.7A342south-east (Old Derry Hill) –Devizes,Sandy Lane,Derry HillDerry Hill signed eastbound only; north-western terminus of A342
Chippenham98.0157.7A350(West Cephan Way) toM4/A361–Cirencester,Warminster,Melksham,Trowbridge,Castle CombeCastle Combe signed eastbound only
Box103.3166.2A365south-east (Devizes Road) –Melksham,MoD CorshamMoD Corsham signed eastbound only; north-western terminus of A365
SomersetBathford106.2170.9A363south-east (Bradford Road) / London Road East –Bradford-on-Avon,Batheaston,Monkton Farleigh,Bathford,ColerneNorth-eastern terminus of A363
Bath107.2–
107.6		172.5–
173.2		A46north toM4/ London Road East –Stroud,BatheastonSouthern terminus of A46
108.6174.8Cleveland Place toA36–Warminster
108.7174.9London Street (A3039south)Northern terminus of A3039
109.3175.9Charles Street (A367south) toA36To A36 westbound only; northern terminus of A367
110.1177.2Windsor Bridge Road (A3064south) ―TwertonTwerton signed eastbound only; northern terminus of A3604
110.3177.5A431north-west (Newbridge Hill) –Kelston,Bitton,WestonNo access from A4 east to A431 or from A431 to A4 west; south-eastern terminus of A431
​111.6179.6A36south-east (Lower Bristol Road) –Twerton,BathNorth-western terminus of A36
​112.4180.9A39south-west (Wells Road) toA368/ Pennyquick –Wells,Weston-super-Mare,Corston,Marksbury,Newton St Loe,Combe DownWeston-super-Mare signed westbound only; north-eastern terminus of A39
Keynsham117.2188.6A4174north /A4175north (Durley Hill) toM4/M5north /A431/A420–Keynsham,Longwell Green,Hanham,KingswoodEastern terminus of A4174 concurrency; southern terminus of A4175
Bristol118.5190.7A4174south (West Town Lane) toA37–Bristol Airport,Whitchurch,Knowle,StockwoodTo A37 signed eastbound only; western terminus of A4174 concurrency
119.6192.5A4320north (St. Phillips Causeway) toM32/M4/M5north –City centreCity centre signed westbound only; southern terminus of A4320
120.4193.8A37south (Wells Road) toA39–Yeovil,WellsNorthern terminus of A37
120.6194.1A370south-west (York Road) toM5south /A4/A38–Avonmouth,Weston,Taunton,Bristol AirportBristol Airport signed eastbound only; North-eastern terminus of A370
120.8194.4Redcliffe Way / Temple Gate (A4044)Western terminus of eastern segment
Gap in route in downtownBristol
St. Augustine's Parade (A38north) / College Green (A4018north) toM32/M4/M5/A4/A37/A420–Gloucester,Bath,Shepton Mallet,ChippenhamEastern terminus of western segment; southern terminus of A38 / A4018
121.9–
122.1		196.2–
196.5		Brunel Way (A3029south) toA370/A4/A38–Weston-super-Mare,Bristol Airport,Bath,TauntonNorthern terminus of A3029
122.7197.5A4176north-east (Bridge Valley Road) toA4018–Clifton,Westbury-on-TrymNo access from A4176 to A4 west; information signed westbound only; South-western terminus of A4176
125.2201.5Sylvan Way (A4162east) ―Westbury-on-Trym,Lawrence Weston,Sea MillsSea Mills signed westbound only; western terminus of A4162
127.4205.0M5/ B4054 south-east (Avonmouth Road) toM49/M4–Royal Portbury Dock,ShirehamptonRoyal Portbury Dock signed westbound only; north-western terminus of B4054
127.7205.5M5toM49/M4/ Avonmouth Way –Royal Portbury Dock
128.0206.0A403north-east (St. Andrew's Road) / McLaren Road / King Road –Severn Beach,AustWestern terminus; south-western terminus of A403
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

References[edit]

  1. ^51°30′07″N2°41′10″W/ 51.502°N 2.686°W/51.502; -2.686
  2. ^Watkins, Jack (22 May 2018)."Silbury Hill mystery soon to be resolved".The Telegraph.
  3. ^abcdef"Hungerford Museum".Archived fromthe originalon 20 April 2013.Retrieved20 September2010.
  4. ^"History of Melksham".Archived fromthe originalon 14 November 2010.Retrieved4 April2010.
  5. ^"Turnpikes".Retrieved4 April2010.
  6. ^"Tollhouses".Retrieved4 April2010.
  7. ^"Highway Boards".Retrieved4 April2010.
  8. ^"Bristol Post Office History".Archivedfrom the original on 23 March 2010.Retrieved4 April2010.
  9. ^"Bath Postal Museum".Archived fromthe originalon 8 June 2009.Retrieved4 April2010.
  10. ^"Ralph Allen".Archived fromthe originalon 8 June 2009.Retrieved4 April2010.
  11. ^"Stagecoaches".Archived fromthe originalon 14 November 2010.Retrieved4 April2010.
  12. ^"Death of the coach service".The Independent.London. 11 May 2005.Archivedfrom the original on 7 November 2012.Retrieved4 April2010.
  13. ^"Satisfactory First Day For Clearway".The Times.No. 55166. 22 August 1961. p. 12.Retrieved1 March2020.
  14. ^Thatcham Road Names,1991, Roy Tubb
  15. ^"Newbury By-pass Opens".Retrieved5 April2010.
  16. ^"Marlborough History".Retrieved5 April2010.
  17. ^"Marlborough College".Archived fromthe originalon 5 April 2010.Retrieved5 April2010.
  18. ^"West Kennet Long Barrow".Retrieved5 April2010.
  19. ^"Silbury Hill".Archivedfrom the original on 29 March 2010.Retrieved5 April2010.
  20. ^"Waggon & Horses Inn".Retrieved5 April2010.
  21. ^"Cherhill White Horse".Retrieved5 April2010.
  22. ^"Lansdowne Strand".Retrieved5 April2010.
  23. ^"Eddie Cochrane Memorial".Archived fromthe originalon 22 January 2011.Retrieved5 April2010.
  24. ^Flavin, Steve (1991).Corsham Born and Bred.Market Drayton:S.B. Publications.ISBN1-870708-86-5.
  25. ^The National Archivesfile MT39/241 and MT39/246
  26. ^"1922 Road Lists - Roader's Digest: The SABRE Wiki".www.sabre-roads.org.uk.
  27. ^"Directions from Charterhouse St, London EC1N 8AA, UK to 51.487462, -0.256987 to Ellesmere Rd, Chiswick, London, UK to Chiswick, London, UK to 564 Great West Rd, Hounslow TW5 0TH, UK to 51.481919, -0.471081 to Wellington St, Slough, UK to 51.519721, -0.633138 to 39 Bath Rd, Maidenhead SL6 4RH, UK".Google Maps.Retrieved12 November2022.
  28. ^"Directions from 39 Bath Rd, Maidenhead SL6 4RH, UK to New Bath Rd, Reading, UK to 108 London Rd, Reading RG1 5AY, UK to Woolhampton, Reading, UK to The Priory, Marlborough SN8 1LW, UK to 29-39 Bath Rd, Corsham, UK".Google Maps.Retrieved12 November2022.
  29. ^"Directions from 29-39 Bath Rd, Corsham, UK to 7-9 Comfortable Pl, Bath BA1 3AJ, UK to 20 Temple Gate, Redcliffe, Bristol BS1 6QH, UK".Google Maps.Retrieved12 November2022.
  30. ^"Directions from 1 Canon's Rd, Bristol BS1 5TX, UK to Avonmouth, Bristol BS11 9ED, UK".Google Maps.Retrieved12 November2022.
  31. ^"86 Pell St, Reading RG1 2NR, UK to Dr Monia Conforti, King's Rd, Reading RG1 3LW, United Kingdom".Google Maps.Retrieved12 November2022.

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