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ABL Space Systems

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ABL Space Systems
Company typePrivate
IndustryAerospace
FoundedAugust 2017
Founder
Headquarters
El Segundo, California
,
United States
Key people
  • Dan Piemont (CFO)
  • Harry O'Hanley (CEO)
  • Kevin Sagis (Chief Product Officer / Enterprise Chief Engineer)
  • Josh Hathaway (GNC Director)
Number of employees
100 (2021)
Websiteablspacesystems.com

ABL Space Systemsis an American aerospace and launch service provider, based inEl Segundo, California,that manufactures deployablelaunch vehiclesand infrastructure for sending commercial small satellites into orbit. The company manufactures its components in the United States.[1]

ABL Space Systems manufactures the RS1, a two-stage orbital expendable launch vehicle, and GS0, a deployable launch pad. Harry O'Hanley is thechief executive officer(CEO) and Dan Piemont is thechief financial officer(CFO) of ABL Space Systems.[1]

History

[edit]

ABL Space Systems was founded in 2017 by Harry O'Hanley and Dan Piemont, formerSpaceXandMorgan Stanleyemployees. Their RS-1 rocket has two stages. It offers a maximum capacity of 1,350 kg (2,980 lb) tolow Earth orbit(LEO).[2]

In 2018, ABL Space Systems signed a lease withCamden County, Georgia,for future operations inSpaceport Camden.[3]

In 2019, the company signed withSpaceport AmericainNew Mexicoto locate some ABL testing operations and facilities there.[4]As of October 2022, the company makes no mention of this location on their facility list.[5]

In 2021 ABL leased facilities at thePort of Long Beachformerly occupied bySea Launch.[6]

As of 2023, ABL is working on a larger rocket to compete forNational Security Space Launchcontracts.[7]

Testing

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In 2019, ABL Space conducted testing of theE2 rocket engineat the company's test facilities at Spaceport America, New Mexico, which "provided the perfect location and support staff for us to test the E2 rocket engine". The test was considered a success.[4]

In early 2020, theAir Force Research Laboratory(AFRL) joined with ABL Space Systems to test and develop rocket-propulsion components.[8]In October 2020, the second stage with E2 engine was tested atEdwards Air Force Base.[9]

On 19 January 2022, an anomaly during testing atMojave Air and Space Portresulted in the destruction of the second stage of the RS1 rocket.[10]On 27 January, the source of the anomaly was publicly identified by ABL's CEO Harry O'Hanley as being one of the second stage's E2 Vacuum engine'sturbopumpssuffering ahard start,which led to a "substantial fire on the aft end of the vehicle, resulting in a complete failure about 20 seconds later".[11]

After three earlier attempts to launch their RS1 rocket in December 2022, ABL shifted the launch attempt to January 2023.[12]The maiden flight on January 10, 2023 failed.[13]

The second attempt at an orbital launch (DEMO-2 mission) was precluded as the rocket being prepared for that launch suffered irreparable damage in a fire at the launch pad following a static-fire test on 19 July 2024.[14]

Planned launches sites

[edit]

Pacific Spaceport Complex

[edit]

The first RS1 flight was planned for 2022 from thePacific Spaceport ComplexonKodiak Island,[15]but the launch attempt was aborted. After two additional aborts, the first launch occurred on January 10, 2023.[13]The maiden flight also failed and did not reach orbit.

Cape Canaveral

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On 1 November 2021,Amazonannounced that the first two prototype satellites of theKuiper constellation,KuiperSat-1 and KuiperSat-2, would be launched using RS1 in the fourth quarter of 2022 from Launch Complex 48 at the Kennedy Space Center.[16]Amazon subsequently shifted these satellites toVulcan Centaur,[17]subsequently moving them to anAtlas Vlaunch on October 6, 2023.[18]

SaxaVord Spaceport

[edit]

On 7 February 2021,Lockheed Martinand the United Kingdom announced a contract with ABL to launch theUK Pathfindermission (6CubeSats) in 2022, from theShetland Space Centreon the island ofUnst,Scotland.[19][20]As of September 2023, the UK Pathfinder launch is scheduled to take place in late 2024.[21]

Launches

[edit]
Flight No. Name Date and

time (UTC)

Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit Customer Launch outcome
1 DEMO-1 10 January 2023[22] Kodiak, LP-3C[23] VariSat 1A & 1B[24] Unknown Polar(200 x 350 km x 87°)[23] OmniTeq[25] Failure
First flight of the RS1 launch vehicle. The vehicle suffered an anomaly shortly after liftoff and was destroyed. Failure was attributed to an overly restrictive launch mount and flame diverter causing plume recirculation and overloading of headshield causing fire. Fire subsequently caused damage to key harnesses causing loss of power and simultaneous loss of thrust in all engines due to de-energization of valves.[26]
N/a DEMO-2 19 July 2024[27] Kodiak, LP-3C[28] — — Polar(200 x 275 km x 87°)[28] — Precluded
(failure pre-flight)
Second RS-1 vehicle was irrecoverably damaged during pre-flight testing[27]
2 Owlet-01 NET 2024 Owlet-01[29] Scout Space Planned
Second flight of the RS1. launching Owlet, a demonstration for Scout Space’s Owl telescope.
– 2024[15] NASA Cryogenic Demonstration Mission LEO NASA Planned
Contract for a technology demonstration of cryogenic propellant transfer in orbit.
– UK Pathfinder 2024[30] SaxaVord Spaceport six 6U cubesats[31] Lockheed Martin Planned
First orbital launch of the RS1 in the UK.

RS1 rocket

[edit]

Both stages are powered by ABL's E2 rocket engine, with nine in the first stage, and one in the second stage. They are powered byRP-1keroseneaspropellantandliquid oxygen(LOX) as theoxidizer.[2]

The containerized launch system and rocket can be deployed to and launched from a suitably flat site, the main requirements being access for trucks capable of carrying up to 16 m (52 ft)-longISO containers(for the RS-1 first stage), and a flat concrete pad 46 m (151 ft) x 15 m (49 ft).

As of April 2020ABL Space Systems was planning the first orbital launch of its RS1 rocket in 2022. The firm received contracts worth US$44.5 million from theUnited States Air Force,as well as private funding equaling US$49 million. According to Dan Piemont, the US$44.5 million Air Force contracts[32]include a one-year deal from the tech incubator AFWERX to demonstrate launch technology and an agreement withSpace and Missile Systems Center's Space Enterprise Consortium to conduct three demonstrations of a RS1 vehicle variant and deployable ground infrastructure in 2022.[33]

The RS1 is capable of carrying a payload of 1,350 kg (2,980 lb) tolow Earth orbit.[33]It is 27 m (89 ft) tall. Launches are planned to be sold for US$12 million per flight.[9][34]

Themaiden flighton January 10, 2023, failed after a fire in the aft cavity damaged key harnessing, causing the engines to shut down 11 seconds into flight.[13]RS1 crashed down near the launch pad, damaging infrastructure at the Pacific Spaceport Complex.[35]

ABL has sold over 70 launches so far.[36]

Previous design

[edit]

In 2019, RS-1 was planned to have three E1 engines, each producing 190,000 N (42,000 lbf) of thrust to power the rocket's first stage. A single E2 engine, with 58,000 N (13,000 lbf) of thrust, was planned for the rocket's second stage. Both engines would use liquid oxygen and RP-1 propellants. The first development build of the vehicle has been completed.[37]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"ABL Space Systems Company".ABL Space Systems.Archivedfrom the original on 10 May 2021.Retrieved22 May2021.
  2. ^ab"Even Rockets Can Be Simple".ABL Space Systems. 2020. Archived fromthe originalon 7 February 2022.Retrieved22 May2021.
  3. ^"ABL Space Systems Signs Lease with JDA to Begin Operations in Camden County".Business Wire. 17 September 2018.Archivedfrom the original on 14 February 2021.Retrieved22 May2021.
  4. ^abClark, Carol A. (29 December 2019)."Spaceport America announces test operations of ABL Space Systems".Los Alamos Daily Post.Archivedfrom the original on 16 November 2021.Retrieved16 November2021.
  5. ^"Company—ABL Space Systems: Site Map".ABL.Archivedfrom the original on 17 September 2022.Retrieved4 October2022.
  6. ^"Port of Long Beach Attracts Another Space Tech Tenant".Port of Long Beach. 28 October 2021.
  7. ^Eric Berger."Col. Douglas Pentecost of the Air Force has referred to companies including Rocket Lab, Relativity Space, Blue Origin, and ABL Space as" Lane 1 "entrants for national security launch. He revealed that ABL is also working on larger rocket, which the company hasn't talked about".Twitter.Retrieved25 February2023.
  8. ^"Rocket Report".Ars Technica. 7 January 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 9 May 2021.Retrieved22 May2021.
  9. ^ab"ABL Space Systems tests launch vehicle stage".SpaceNews.22 October 2020.Retrieved22 May2021.
  10. ^"ABL Space Systems rocket stage destroyed in test accident".SpaceNews.20 January 2022.Retrieved26 January2022.
  11. ^"ABL Space Systems test accident to delay first launch by three months".SpaceNews.27 January 2022.Retrieved28 January2022.
  12. ^Wall, Mike (16 December 2022)."Rocket startup ABL Space Systems pushes debut launch to Jan. 9".space.com.Archivedfrom the original on 10 January 2023.Retrieved8 January2023.
  13. ^abcWattles, Jackie (11 January 2023)."Start-up fails first launch as rocket explodes off Alaska's coast".CNN.Archivedfrom the original on 11 January 2023.Retrieved11 January2023.
  14. ^Foust, Jeff (23 July 2024)."ABL loses rocket after static-fire test".SpaceNews.Retrieved23 July2024.
  15. ^abFoust, Jeff (16 September 2021)."ABL Space Systems to launch NASA technology demonstration mission".SpaceNews.Retrieved16 September2021.
  16. ^"Amazon's satellite launch schedule puts it nearly 4 years behind Starlink".1 November 2021.Archivedfrom the original on 31 January 2022.Retrieved2 November2021.
  17. ^"Amazon's Project Kuiper satellites will fly on the new Vulcan Centaur rocket in early 2023".US About Amazon.12 October 2022.Archivedfrom the original on 14 October 2022.Retrieved1 December2022.
  18. ^Mike, Wall (6 October 2023)."Atlas V rocket launches Amazon's 1st 2 internet satellites to orbit (video)".Space.com.Retrieved6 October2023.
  19. ^"Lockheed Martin selects ABL Space Systems for UK launch".SpaceNews. 7 February 2021.Retrieved22 May2021.
  20. ^"British military's space campaign picks up steam with" Skynet "upgrade".C4ISRNET. 8 February 2021.Archivedfrom the original on 29 April 2021.Retrieved22 May2021.
  21. ^"RS1 | UK Pathfinder".
  22. ^"ABL Space Systems' rocket fails on maiden launch".Reuters.11 January 2023.Archivedfrom the original on 11 January 2023.Retrieved11 January2023.
  23. ^ab"OET Special Temporary Authority Report".FCC.Archivedfrom the original on 8 August 2022.Retrieved7 October2022.
  24. ^"RS1".Gunter's Space Page.Archivedfrom the original on 7 October 2022.Retrieved7 October2022.
  25. ^"VariSat 1A, 1B, 1C".Gunter's Space Page.Archivedfrom the original on 7 October 2022.Retrieved7 October2022.
  26. ^"FAA Closes RS1 Mishap Investigation".ablspacesystems.com.ABL.Retrieved7 November2023.
  27. ^ab"Post by abl".X.Retrieved22 July2024.
  28. ^ab"OET Special Temporary Authority Report".FCC.21 September 2022.Archivedfrom the original on 22 September 2022.Retrieved22 September2022.
  29. ^Erwin, Sandra (10 June 2024)."Scout Space telescope to hitch a ride on ABL rocket".SpaceNews.Retrieved18 June2024.
  30. ^"RS1 Block 2 | UK Pathfinder".nextspaceflight.com.Retrieved20 June2024.
  31. ^Foust, Jeff (8 February 2021)."Lockheed Martin selects ABL Space Systems for UK launch".SpaceNews.Retrieved20 June2024.
  32. ^"AFRL awards agreements under Aerospike Rocket Integration and Sub-orbital Experiment (ARISE) Program".Wright-Patterson AFB. 13 April 2020.Archivedfrom the original on 1 November 2021.Retrieved22 May2021.Public DomainThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  33. ^abErwin, Sandra (3 August 2020)."Small launch startup ABL secures over US$90 million in new funding and Air Force contracts".SpaceNews.Retrieved15 February2021.
  34. ^Foust, Jeff (1 February 2019)."ABL Space Systems increases performance and cuts price of its small launch vehicle".SpaceNews.Retrieved11 November2019.
  35. ^"FAA Closes RS1 Mishap Investigation".ABL Space Systems.Retrieved7 November2023.
  36. ^"The Road to Flight 2, with Dan Piemont (ABL Space)"(video).YouTube.31 October 2023.
  37. ^Foust, Jeff (1 February 2019)."ABL Space Systems increases performance and cuts price of its small launch vehicle".SpaceNews.Retrieved15 February2021.
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