1100
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Year1100(MC) was aleap year starting on Sunday(link will display the full calendar) in theJulian calendar,the 1100th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 100th year of the2nd millennium,the 100th and last year of the11th century,and the 1st year of the1100s decade.In theproleptic Gregorian calendar,it was anon-leap century year starting on Monday(like1900).
Events
[edit]By place
[edit]Levant
[edit]- January– The Seljuk rulerMahmud Iis expelled fromBaghdadby his brotherBarkiyaruq,but Mahmud manages to retake the city, during his spring offensive.[1]
- MayorJune–Raymond IV(Saint-Gilles) sails toConstantinopleto obtain the support of EmperorAlexios I(Komnenos), in his attempt to seizeTripoli.[2]
- August 1– AGenoesefleet leavesItaly,to support theCrusaders' efforts to conquer the coastal cities; the ships reachLatakiaonSeptember 25.[3]
- August–Battle of Melitene:Bohemond Iis captured by theDanishmends,leavingTancredas regent of thePrincipality of Antiochfor two years.
- August 20– With the support of theVenetianfleet, the Crusaders under Tancred capture the coastal city ofHaifa.
- December 25– French CrusaderBaldwin Iis crowned firstKing of Jerusalemat theChurch of the NativityinBethlehem,byDaimbert,the newLatin Patriarch of Jerusalem,following the death of the previous ruler, Baldwin's brotherGodfrey of Bouillon,onJuly 18.[4]
- After a success over the Armenians ofCiliciaand the Emirate ofAleppo,Baldwin of BourcqbecomesCount of Edessa,with the support of Daimbert.
- Genoa,VeniceandPisagain trading privileges from theCrusader states,in return for their service during the conquest of the coastal cities.
Europe
[edit]- August 2– KingWilliam II(or William Rufus) dies in ahuntingaccident in theNew Forest.SirWalter Tirelis accused of having shot the arrow, but flees the country to avoid a trial.Henry Iclaims the throne.
- August 5– Henry I is crownedKing of England,atWestminster Abbey.The power of the new monarch is ill-assured, and to mollify the barons he has to grant them theCharter of Liberties,one of the first examples of a writtenconstitutioninEurope.[5]
- August 30– After the failure of theCouncil of Liubechin1097,the Congress of Vytechev establishes peace and the feudal system inKievan Rus;the princes come to an agreement to share the country between them.Sviatopolk II of Kievbecomes the first Grand Prince.
- September 16–Battle of Malagon:The Almoravid army defeats the Castellan troops.[6]
- September 23–Anselm,archbishop ofCanterburyreturns fromexile,at the invitation of Henry I.
- October 18–Peter I of AragonconquersBarbastro(modernSpain) from the hands of theAlmoravids.[7][8]
- November 11– Henry I marriesMatilda of Scotland,the daughter of KingMalcolm IIIand a direct descendant of the Saxon kingEdmund Ironside.
- Henry I grants the ownership ofCarisbrooke Castleon theIsle of WighttoRichard de Redvers,a Norman nobleman.
- November 18– The Council ofPoitiersopens, but is soon forcibly closed byWilliam IX,duke ofAquitaine,as the bishops are about to excommunicate KingPhilip Ionce more.[9]
- December 25– Philip I elevates his sonLouis VIas co-ruler to the government of the realm.
- InIceland,theAlthingdecides that the laws should be transferred to a written form (approximate date).
- Intense urban activity in north and central Europe:Kalmar(Kungälv) andVarberg(Sweden) are chartered; The cities ofAach(southernGermany) and Nakléřov inBohemiaare created. The castle ofBurg Eppsteinis built in central Germany.
- Philip I conquers theVexinarea, and adds the city ofBourgesand the province ofBerryto his estate.[10]
Africa
[edit]- A collective ofTuaregtrading clans decide to permanently settle the city ofTimbuktu(modernMali) north ofDjennéalong theNiger River.Timbuktu will later achieve fame as a center of Islamic learning. TheSankore,DjinguereberandSidi Yahyamosques are among Timbuktu's most famous religious and scholarly institutions (approximate date).
China
[edit]- February 23–Emperor Zhezongdies after a 15-year reign. He is succeeded by his 17-year-old brotherHuizongas ruler of theSong dynasty.At about this date, the Chinese population reaches around 100 million and inKaifeng,his capital, the number of registered citizens within the walls is about 1,050,000 with the army stationed here boosting the overall populace to some 1.4 million people.
- TheLiao dynastycrushes theZubu,a tribute state of theKhitan Empire,and takes theirkhanprisoner.
Americas
[edit]- Oraibi,aHopivillage inNavajo County,becomes the oldest populated settlement in modern-dayArizona(modern-dayUnited States).
- TheAncestral Puebloansculture, located in the modern-dayFour Corners(United States), rises (approximate date).
- The city ofCusco(modernPeru) is founded (approximate d
ate).
By topic
[edit]Religion
[edit]- September 8– AntipopeClement IIIdies atCivita Castellanaafter a 20-year reign in opposition to the legitimate popesGregory VII,Victor IIIandUrban II.Supporters of EmperorHenry IVinRomechooseTheodoricas his successor.
- November – The council of Poitiers decrees that the followers ofRobert of Arbrisselhave to settle down and live under a rule, leading to the foundation ofFontevraud Abbey.[11]
- Frederick Ibecomes archbishop ofCologne,and begins the construction of the castle of Volmarstein.
- TheStift St. GeorgenAbbey is founded nearSankt Georgen am Längsee(modernAustria).
- The Diocese ofFaroeis founded (approximate date).
Technology
[edit]
Births
[edit]- May 19–Judith of Bavaria,duchess ofSwabia(d.1130)
- May 23–Qin Zong,Chinese emperor (d.1161)
- Achard of Saint Victor,Norman bishop (d.1171)
- Adrian IV,pope of theCatholic Church(d.1159)
- Albert I(the Bear), margrave ofBrandenburg(d.1170)
- Alexander III,pope of the Catholic Church (d.1181)
- Anselm of Havelberg,German bishop (approximate date)
- Arnold I,archbishop ofCologne(approximate date)
- Bruno II of Berg,archbishop of Cologne (d.1137)
- Eliza and Mary Chulkhurst,Englishconjoined twins(d.1134)
- Elvira of Castile,queen ofSicily(approximate date)
- Gilbert de Clare,1st Earl of Pembroke(d.1148)
- Héloïsed'Argenteuil, Frenchabbessand scholar (d.1162)
- Herman of Carinthia,German astronomer (d.1160)
- Hillin of Falmagne,archbishop ofTrier(d.1169)
- Jabir ibn Aflah,Arabastronomerandmathematician(d.1150)
- John of Meda,Italian monk andabbot(d. 1159)
- Muhammad al-Idrisi,Almoravidgeographer(d.1165)
- Owain Gwynedd,king ofGwynedd(approximate date)
- Jacob ben Meir Tam,French Jewishrabbi(d. 1171)
- Robert de Beaumont,2nd Earl Leicester(d.1168)
- Robert de Ferrers,2nd Earl of Derby(d. 1162)
- Robert of Melun,bishop ofHereford(d.1167)
- Robert of Newminster,English abbot (d. 1159)
- Teobaldo Roggeri,Italianshoemaker(d. 1150)
- 1100s of the nominated of England have been doing over the past few years ago from 1100s
Deaths
[edit]- February 23–Zhe Zong,Chinese emperor (b.1077)
- February 25–Gerland,bishop ofAgrigento
- March 28–Adelaide of Weimar-Orlamünde,Germannoblewoman
- July 18–Godfrey of Bouillon,French nobleman (b.1060)
- July 23–Warner of Grez,French nobleman
- August 2–William II(or William Rufus), king ofEngland[13]
- September 8–Clement III,antipope ofRome
- September 16–Bernold of Constance,German chronicler
- October 13–Guy I(or Wido), French nobleman
- November 18–Thomas of Bayeux,archbishop ofYork
- December 22–Bretislav II,duke ofBohemia
- Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi,Hanafi-Maturidi scholar (b.1030)
- Azzo of Gobatsburg,Swedish nobleman (approximate date)
- Geoffrey de Mandeville,Constable of the Tower
- Geoffrey the Elder,Italo-Norman nobleman
- Jaya Pala,Indian ruler of theKamarupaKingdom (b.1075)
- Qin Guan,Chinesepoetand writer (approximate date)
- Qutb al-din Hasan,ruler (malik) of theGhurid Dynasty
- Robert de Stafford,Norman nobleman (approximate date)
References
[edit]- ^Maalouf, Amid (1983).La Croisade vue par les Arabes.Paris: Lattès. p. 74.ISBN978-2-7096-0547-2.
- ^Hill, John Hugh; Hill, Laurita Lyttleton (1959).Raymond IV de Saint-Gilles, 1041 (ou 1042)-1105.Privat.
- ^Hagenmeyer, Hendrich (1973).Chronologie de la première croisade, 1094–1100.Olms.ISBN978-3-487-04756-0.
- ^"Baldwin I of Edessa".Archived fromthe originalon 9 May 2010.Retrieved5 August2010.
- ^"Communal Courts".Archived fromthe originalon 23 June 2010.Retrieved5 August2010.
- ^Buresi, Pascal (2004).La frontière entre chrétienté et islam dans la péninsule Ibérique.Publibook.ISBN978-2-7483-0644-6.
- ^Sénac, Philippe (2000).La frontière et les hommes, VIIIe-XIIe siècle.Maisonneuve et Larose.ISBN978-2-7068-1421-1.
- ^Catlos, Brian A. (2004).The victors and the vanquished: Christians and Muslims of Catalonia and Aragon, 1050–1300.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 13.ISBN0-521-82234-3.
- ^O'Reilly, Patrice-John (1857).Histoire complète de Bordeaux, Volume 1, Parties 1 à 2.Delmas.
- ^Hoefer, Jean (1862).Nouvelle biographie générale.Firmin Didot frères.
- ^Müller, Annalena (2021).From the Cloister to the State: Fontevraud and the Making of Bourbon France, 1642-1100.Routledge.ISBN9781000436297.Retrieved6 March2023.
- ^"The history of checkers".Archived fromthe originalon February 22, 2010.RetrievedAugust 5,2010.
- ^Peberdy, Robert; Waller, Philip (23 November 2020).A Dictionary of British and Irish History.John Wiley & Sons. p. 673.ISBN978-0-631-20155-7.