1160
(Redirected fromAD 1160)
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1160 by topic |
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| 1160 in poetry |
Year1160(MCLX) was aleap year starting on Friday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.
Events
[edit]By place
[edit]Byzantine Empire
[edit]- Spring – EmperorManuel I Komnenossends an embassy led byJohn KontostephanostoJerusalem,to ask KingBaldwin IIIto nominate one of the princesses of theCrusader states,as a bride for the widowed emperor. Their two candidates are 15-year-oldMaria of Antioch,andMelisende of Tripoli.Baldwin suggests Melisende, and her brother CountRaymond IIIsets about gathering an enormousdowry.The ambassadors are not satisfied, and delay the marriage for over a year. They hear rumours about Melisende's birth, based on her mother's (CountessHodierna of Jerusalem) infidelity, and therefore Melisende's possible illegitimacy.[1]In the end, the Emperor marries Maria in1161and Melisende eventually enters a convent.
Europe
[edit]- January 25–Frederick Barbarossa,Holy Roman Emperor, capturesCrema, Lombardyafter a 6-month siege, as part of his campaign against the independent Italian city-states. Some 20,000 survivors are allowed to leave the city with whatever they could carry before Crema is looted and burnt to the ground.[2]The expense of the siege (over 2,000 silver marks) and Frederick's determination to enforce it over the winter, demonstrates his ability to hold troops in the field and to keep his allies on side.[3]
- May 18–Erik IX Jedvardsson of Swedenis murdered, after which his murdererMagnus Henriksenproclaims himself king ofSwedenas Magnus II. He is murdered in turn the following year, however. Erik is soon worshipped as a saint. Though never formally canonized by PopeAlexander III,he eventually becomes thepatron saintof Sweden.
- November 2– Betrothal of 5-year-oldHenry the Young Kingof England and 2-year-oldMarguerite,daughter ofLouis VII of France;she brings NormanVexinto the English crown as a dowry.[4]
- November 13– Within weeks of the death of his second wife, QueenConstance of Castile,KingLouis VII of FrancemarriesAdela of Champagne,daughter of CountTheobald II( "the Great" ).
- A plot of land atMiholjanecis donated to theKnights Templar,who build a monastery in nearby Zdelia. This is the earliest historical mention of the Templars inCroatiaandHungary.[5]
- Spital am Semmering(modernAustria) is founded by MargraveOttokar III.He erects a hospital and completes the colonization of the area around theTraisenandGölsenrivers.
- A large Portuguese offensive begins in theAlentejoregion, against theAlmoravids.[6]The city ofTomaris founded byGualdim Pais,Grand Masterof the Knights Templar.
- The island ofLundyis granted to theKnights Templarby Henry II of England.
Levant
[edit]- Autumn –Raynald of Châtillon,prince ofAntioch,makes a plundering raid in the valley of theEuphratesatMarashto seize cattle, horses and camels from the local peasants. On his way back to Antioch, he and his retinue are attacked by Zangid warriors. Raynald is unhorsed, captured and sent toAleppowhere he is put in jail.[1]
Africa
[edit]- The Almohads conquerMahdia(modernTunisia) from theNormansafter an important naval success near the city, against Christian reinforcements coming fromSicily.[7]
- Approximate date – A commercial treaty between theAlmohad Caliphateand theRepublic of Pisaopens theNorth Africanports to Tuscan merchants.
Asia
[edit]- In Japan, theHeiji Rebellionbegan with thesiege of the Sanjō Palace.[8]
- EmperorDharanindravarman IIdies and is succeeded by his cousinYasovarman IIas ruler of theKhmer Empire(modernCambodia). Dharanindravarman's sonJayavarman VIIgoes into exile in neighboringChampa.
By topic
[edit]Education
[edit]- Approximate date –Derby Schoolis founded byWalkelin de DerbyinDerby(England); it will survive until 1989.
Births
[edit]- October 4–Alys of France,daughter ofLouis VII(d.1220)
- December 3–Conrad of Querfurt,German bishop (d.1202)
- Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur,Almohad caliph (d.1199)
- Adolf III,count ofSchaumburgandHolstein(d.1225)
- Alice of Courtenay,Frenchnoblewoman(d.1218)
- Ali ibn al-Athir,Arab historian and biographer (d.1233)
- Azriel of Gerona,Catalan Jewish leader (d.1238)
- Beatrice of Viennois,countess ofSavoy(d.1230)
- Bertold V,German nobleman (House of Zähringen) (d. 1218)
- Cadenet,French poet andtroubadour(approximate date)
- David Kimhi,Frenchrabbiand grammarian (d.1235)
- Dulce of Aragon,queen ofPortugal(d.1198)
- Eschiva of Ibelin,queen ofCyprus(d.1196)
- Eudokia Komnene,French noblewoman (d.1203)
- Hartmann I,count ofWürttemberg(d.1240)
- Isaac the Blind,French rabbi and writer (d. 1235)
- John of Hexham,English chronicler (d.1209)
- John of Matha,French priest and saint (d.1213)
- Konoe Motomichi,Japanese nobleman (d. 1233)
- Ma Yuan,Chineselandscape painter(d.1225)
- Mestwin I,duke ofPomerania(approximate date)
- Parisius(or Parisio), Italian priest and saint (d.1267)
- Philip the Chancellor,French theologian (d.1236)
- Rudolph I,count palatine ofTübingen(d.1219)
- Sasaki Takatsuna,Japanesesamurai(d.1214)
- Sibylla(or Sibylle), queen ofJerusalem(d.1190)
- Siraj al-Din al-Sakaki,Persian scholar (d.1229)
- Taira no Koremori,Japanese general (d.1184)
- Taira no Noritsune,Japanese nobleman (d.1185)
- Tamar the Great,queen ofGeorgia(approximate date)
- Vladislaus III,duke ofBohemia(approximate date)
Deaths
[edit]- March 12–Al-Muqtafi,caliph of theAbbasid Caliphate(b.1096)[9]
- April 3–William FitzAlan,Breton nobleman (b.1105)
- April 27–Rudolf I,count ofBregenzandChur(b.1081)
- May 18
- Erik IX Jedvardsson( "the Holy" ), king ofSweden(b.1120)
- Ibn al-Qalanisi,Arab politician and chronicler
- May 31–Mechtildis of Edelstetten,Germanabbess
- July 23–Al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah,Fatimid caliph (b.1149)
- October 4–Constance of Castile,queen ofFrance(b.1141)
- December 17–Gilla na Naemh Ua Duinn,Irish poet (b.1102)
- December 22–Fujiwara no Nariko,Japanese empress (b.1117)
- Dharanindravarman II,Cambodian ruler of theKhmer Empire
- Fujiwara no Michinori,Japanese nobleman (b.1106)
- Fujiwara no Nobuyori,Japanese nobleman (b.1133)
- Gonzalo Fernández de Traba,Galician nobleman
- Helena of Skövde,Swedish noblewoman and saint
- Herman III, Margrave of Baden( "the Great" ), German nobleman (b. 1105)
- Herman of Carinthia,German astronomer (b.1100)
- Hugh Candidus,English monk and historian (b.1095)
- Ibn Quzman,Andalusian poet and writer (b.1087)
- Mahsati,Persian female poet and writer (b.1089)
- Minamoto no Tomonaga,Japanese samurai (b.1144)
- Minamoto no Yoshihira,Japanese nobleman (b.1140)
- Minamoto no Yoshitomo,Japanese general (b.1123)
- Niklot,Obotrite prince (House of Mecklenburg) (b.1090)
- Peter Lombard,French bishop and theologian (b. 1096)
- Philip of France,French prince and archdeacon (b.1132)
- Raymond du Puy,French knight andGrand Master(b.1083)
- Robert I(Nostell), Norman churchman and prior (b. 1100)
- Sophie of Winzenburg,German noblewoman (b. 1105)
References
[edit]- ^abRunciman, Steven(1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem.pp. 291–293.ISBN978-0-241-29876-3.
- ^Bradbury, Jim (1992).The Medieval Siege,p. 92. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press.ISBN978-0-851-15357-5.
- ^Andrew Roberts (2008).Great Commanders of the Medieval World (454–1582),p. 134.ISBN978-0-85738-589-5.
- ^Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History.London: Century Ltd. p. 67.ISBN0-7126-5616-2.
- ^Hunyadi, Zsolt; Laszlovszky, József.The Crusades and the Military Orders.Central European University. Dept. of Medieval Studies. p. 246.ISBN978-963-9241-42-8.
- ^Picard, Christophe (2000).Le Portugal musulman, VIIIe-XIIIe siècle: L'Occident dál-Andalus sous domination islamique.Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110.ISBN2-7068-1398-9.
- ^Picard, Christophe (1997).La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe-XIIIe siècle.Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
- ^Samson, George (1958).A History of Japan to 1334,pp. 256–258. Standford University Press.ISBN08-0470-523-2.
- ^Zetterstéen, K. V.(1993)."al-Muḳtafī".InBosworth, C. E.;van Donzel, E.;Heinrichs, W. P.&Pellat, Ch.(eds.).The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.Volume VII:Mif–Naz.Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 543–544.doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5482.ISBN978-90-04-09419-2.