1658

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	16th century 17th century 18th century
Decades:	1630s 1640s 1650s 1660s 1670s
Years:	1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661

January 30:Swedish troops cross the frozen waters of the Danish straits on foot in theMarch Across the Belts

1658 in variouscalendars

Gregorian calendar	1658 MDCLVIII
Ab urbe condita	2411
Armenian calendar	1107 ԹՎ ՌՃԷ
Assyrian calendar	6408
Balinese saka calendar	1579–1580
Bengali calendar	1065
Berber calendar	2608
English Regnal year	9Cha. 2– 10Cha. 2 (Interregnum)
Buddhist calendar	2202
Burmese calendar	1020
Byzantine calendar	7166–7167
Chinese calendar	Đinh dậuNiên (FireRooster) 4355 or 4148 — to — Mậu tuất niên (EarthDog) 4356 or 4149
Coptic calendar	1374–1375
Discordian calendar	2824
Ethiopian calendar	1650–1651
Hebrew calendar	5418–5419
Hindu calendars
-Vikram Samvat	1714–1715
-Shaka Samvat	1579–1580
-Kali Yuga	4758–4759
Holocene calendar	11658
Igbo calendar	658–659
Iranian calendar	1036–1037
Islamic calendar	1068–1069
Japanese calendar	Meireki4 /Manji1 ( vạn trị nguyên niên )
Javanese calendar	1580–1581
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar	3991
Minguo calendar	254 beforeROC Dân tiền 254 niên
Nanakshahi calendar	190
Thai solar calendar	2200–2201
Tibetan calendar	Âm hỏa kê niên (female Fire-Rooster) 1784 or 1403 or 631 — to — Dương thổ cẩu niên (male Earth-Dog) 1785 or 1404 or 632

June 14:Battle of the Dunes

1658(MDCLVIII) was acommon year starting on Tuesdayof theGregorian calendarand acommon year starting on Fridayof theJulian calendar,the 1658th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 658th year of the2nd millennium,the 58th year of the17th century,and the 9th year of the1650sdecade. As of the start of 1658, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

January–March

• January 13–Edward Sexby,who had plotted againstOliver Cromwell,dies in theTower of London.
• January 30– The "March Across the Belts"(Tåget över Bält), Sweden's use of winter weather to send troops across the waters of theDanish straitsat a time when winter has turned them to ice, begins. Within 17 days, Sweden's King Karl X Gustav leads troops across the ice belts to capture six of Denmark's islands as Swedish territory.
• February 5– Prince Muhi al-Din Muhammad, one of the sons of India's Mughal, EmperorShah Jahan,proclaims himself Emperor after Jahan names Muhi's older brother,Dara Shikoh,as regent, and departs fromAurangabadwith troops.
• February 6– Swedish troops ofCharles X Gustav of Swedencross The Great Beltin Denmark, over frozen sea.
• March 8(February 26OS) – The peace betweenSwedenand Denmark-Norway is concluded inRoskildeby theTreaty of Roskilde,under which Denmark is forced to cede significant territory. This leads to Sweden reaching its territorial height during its time as agreat power.

April–June

• April 15– In India, theBattle of Dharmatis fought in the modern-day state ofMadhya Pradeshbetween rival claimants to the throne of theMughal Empire.Prince Muhi al-Din Muhammad, the son of the EmperorShah Jahan,leads 30,000 men in a triumph over 22,000 troops led byJaswant Singh of MarwarandRatan Singh Rathore.Despite heavy losses, with more than 11,000 casualties, Prince Muhi, who has adopted the nameAurangzeb,continues towardSamugarhandAgraand captures the throne at the end of July.
• April 16– InSkåneland,a region recently ceded by Denmark to the Swedish Empire, representatives of the nobility of the provinces ofBlekinge,HallandandScaniagather at the Scanian city ofMalmöto swear their allegiance to KingCharles X Gustav of Sweden.
• May 1–Hydriotaphia, Urn BurialandThe Garden of Cyrusare published byThomas Brownein England.
• May 29–Aurangzebwins theBattle of Samugarhas Indian Mughal regentDara Shikohmakes a last effort to defend the Mughal capitalAgra.
• June 3–Pope Alexander VIIappointsFrançois de Lavalvicar apostolicofNew France.
• June 14–Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60)andFranco-Spanish War (1635–59):In theBattle of the Dunes,a Spanish force attempting to lift a siege ofDunkirkis defeated by the French and English. England is then given Dunkirk, for its assistance in the victory.
• June 25–27– In theBattle of Rio Nuevo,part of the Anglo-Spanish War, a Spanish invasion force fails to recaptureJamaicafrom the English.

July–September

• July 2– TheSiege of Toruńbegins inPolandas troops of thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealthand of Austria seek to recapture the city ofToruńfrom a garrison of the Swedish Army. Within six months, the Swedish occupiers surrender.
• July 18–Prince Leopoldof theHouse of Habsburg,son of the lateFerdinand III,is elected as the newHoly Roman Emperor.
• July 31– AfterShah Jahancompletes theTaj Mahal,his sonAurangzebdeposes him as ruler of theMughal Empire.
• July–Šarhūda'sManchufleet annihilatesOnufriy Stepanov's Russian flotilla, on theAmur River.
• August 1– The coronation of Leopold I takes place inFrankfurt.
• August 5– Just six months after winning territory fromDenmark-Norwayin war and subsequent treaty, Sweden's King Charles X Gustav declaresa second war against Denmark.By August 11, the King's troops have surrounded Denmark's capital,Copenhagen,while the Swedish Navy blocks the harbor to prevent the city from being resupplied, and begins bombardment.
• August 14– TheLeague of the Rhine(Rheinische Allianz) is formed by 50 German princes whose cities are on theRhineriver.
• September 3–Oliver Cromwelldies and his sonRichardassumes his father's position asLord Protectorof England, Scotland and Ireland.
• September 17–Portuguese Restoration War:In theBattle of Vilanova,a Spanish army, having crossed theMinho,defeats the Portuguese.

October–December

• October 7– The Netherlands enters the Dano-Swedish War to come to the rescue of Denmark, sending a 45-ship fleet fromVlie.
• October 29– The 45-ship fleet of the Netherlands arrives at Denmark and begins its counterattack on Sweden's army and navy with three squadrons.
• November 6– TheMexican Inquisitioncarries out the execution, by public burning, of 14 men convicted of homosexuality, while another 109 arrested are either released or given less harsh sentences.
• November 8(October 29 old style) – TheBattle of the Soundtakes place between the navies of the Dutch Republic (with 41 warships) and of Sweden (with 45) at theØresund,astraitbetween Denmark and Sweden's newly-acquired territory, the former Danish island ofScania.The Dutch Republic is successful at breaking the Swedish Navy's blockade of Copenhagen, and Sweden is forced to retreat, bringing an end to the attempted conquest of Denmark.
• November 23– The elaborate funeral ofLord Protectorof EnglandOliver Cromwell(who had died on September 3 and was buried at Westminster Abbey two weeks later) is carried out inLondon.A little more than two years later (in January 1661), his body will be disinterred and his head severed and placed on a spike.
• December 11–Abaza Hasan Pasha,an Ottoman provincial governor who is attempting to depose the Grand Vizier, wins a battle at the Turkish city ofIlgin,defeating loyalist forces led by Murtaza Pasha. The victory is the last for the rebels. Two months later (February 16, 1659) Abaza Hasan is assassinated after being invited to peace negotiations by the loyalists.
• December 20– Representatives of the Russian Empire and the Swedish Empire sign theTreaty of Valiesarat the Valiesar Estate nearNarva,part of modern-dayEstonia.In return for ceasing hostilities between the two empires in theSecond Northern War,Russia is allowed to keep captured territories inLivonia(part of modern-dayLatvia) for a term of three years.
• December 25– Polish and Danish forces defeat a Swedish Army in theBattle of KoldinginDenmark.
• December 30– TheSiege of Toruńends almost six months after it started, with Poland recapturing the city from Sweden.

Date unknown

• Portuguese traders are expelled fromCeylonby Dutch invaders.
• The Dutch in theCape Colonystart to import slaves from India and South-East Asia (later fromMadagascar).

Births

Mary of Modena

• January 9–Nicolas Coustou,French artist (d.1733)
• January 17–Samson Wertheimer,European rabbi (d.1724)
• January 17–Francis Seymour, 5th Duke of Somerset(d.1678)
• February 18–Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre,French writer (d.1743)
• March 5–Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac,French explorer (d.1730)
• March 8–Thomas Trevor, 1st Baron Trevor,British Baron (d.1730)
• March 23–Jean-Baptiste Santerre,French painter (d.1717)
• March 30–Muro Kyūsō,Japanese Neo-Confucian scholar (d.1734)
• April 11–James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton,Scottish peer (d.1712)
• April 19–Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine,German noble (d.1716)
• April 22–Giuseppe Torelli,Italian violist, violinist, pedagogue and composer (d.1709)
• May 30–Sir Henry Furnese, 1st Baronet,English merchant and politician (d.1712)
• June 10–John March,Massachusetts businessman, colonel (d.1712)
• June 11–Victor Honoré Janssens,Flemish painter (d.1736)
• June 22–Louis VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt(d.1678)
• July 10–Luigi Ferdinando Marsili,Italian soldier and naturalist (d.1730)
• July 14–Camillo Rusconi,Italian artist (d.1728)
• July 17–Diogo de Mendonça Corte-Real,Portuguese politician (d.1736)
• July 21–Alexis Littré,French physician and anatomist (d.1726)
• July 25–Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll,Scottish privy councillor (d.1703)
• July 28–Roelof Diodati,Dutch Governor of Mauritius (d.1723)
• August 1–Pierre Joseph Garidel,French botanist (d.1737)
• August 5–Claude Audran III,French painter (d.1734)
• August 10–Susanne Maria von Sandrart,German engraver (d.1716)
• August 11–Sir Justinian Isham, 4th Baronet,English baronet and Member of Parliament (d.1730)
• August 16–Jan Frans van Son,Flemish Baroque painter (d.1704)
• August 16–Ralph Thoresby,British historian (d.1725)
• August 18–Jan František Beckovský,Czech historian (d.1722)
• August 22–John Ernest IV, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld(d.1729)
• August 28–Honoré Tournély,French theologian (d.1729)
• September 1–Jacques Bernard,French theologian and publicist (d.1718)
• September 16–John Dennis,English dramatist and critic (d.1734)
• September 24–Sir Robert Anstruther, 1st Baronet,Scottish politician (d.1737)
• September 30–Elisabeth Eleonore of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel,Duchess consort of Saxe-Meiningen (d.1729)
• October 2–Nicholas Roosevelt (1658–1742),Dutch-American politician (d.1742)
• October 5–Mary of Modena,queen ofJames II of England(d.1718)
• October 11–Christian Heinrich Postel,German jurist (d.1705)
• October 18–Alexander of Courland,German prince (d.1686)
• October 19–Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz(d.1704)
• October 21–Henri de Boulainvilliers,French nobleman (d.1722)
• October 24–Marko Gerbec,Carniolan physician, scientist (d.1718)
• November 2–Baptist Noel (MP),English politician (d.1690)
• November 4–Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani,Georgian prince, writer, monk and author (d.1725)
• November 21–Johann Gottfried Roesner,Prussian burgomaster (d.1724)
• November 27–Tsarevna Catherine Alekseyevna of Russia,daughter of Tsar Alexis of Russia (d.1718)
• November 27–Hercule-Louis Turinetti, marquis of Prié(d.1726)
• December 2–Sir Thomas Roberts, 4th Baronet,English politician (d.1706)
• December 10–Lancelot Blackburne,Archbishop of York (d.1743)
• date unknown–Elizabeth Barry,English actress (d.1713)

Deaths

John Cleveland

Witte Corneliszoon de With

• January 1–Caspar Sibelius,Dutch Protestant minister (b.1590)
• January 2–Sir William Armine, 2nd Baronet,English politician (b.1622)
• January 7–Theophilus Eaton,English-born Connecticut colonist (b.1590)
• January 13–Edward Sexby,English Puritan soldier (b.1616)
• February 19–Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester(b.1612)
• March 25–Herman IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg(b.1607)
• February 27–Adolf Frederick I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1592–1628 and again 1631–1658) (b.1588)
• March 29–Bertuccio Valiero,Doge of Venice (b.1596)
• April 7–Juan Eusebio Nieremberg,Spanish mystic (b.1595)
• April 19
  • Kirsten Munk,second wife ofChristian IV of Denmark(b.1598)
  • Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick,English colonial administrator and admiral (b.1587)
• April 24–Francesco Maria Richini,Italian architect (b.1584)
• April 29–John Cleveland,English poet (b.1613)
• May 20–Bartholomew Holzhauser,German priest, visionary and writer of prophecies (b.1613)
• June 18–Louis Cappel,French Protestant churchman and scholar (b.1585)
• June 8–Sir Henry Slingsby, 1st Baronet,English baronet (b.1602)
• June 27–Ercole Gennari,Italian drawer and painter (b.1597)
• July 22–Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg-Norburg(b.1581)
• August 5–Gundakar, Prince of Liechtenstein,court official in Vienna (b.1580)
• August 6–Elizabeth Claypole,daughter of Oliver Cromwell (b.1629)
• August 19–Christine of Hesse-Kassel,Duchess of Saxe-Eisenach and Saxe-Coburg (b.1578)
• September 3–Oliver Cromwell,Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (b.1599)
• September 17–Kaspar von Barth,German philologist and writer (b.1587)
• September 22–Georg Philipp Harsdörffer,German poet (b.1607)
• October 14–Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena,Italian noble (b.1610)
• October 23–Thomas Pride,Parliamentarian general in the English Civil War
• November 4–Antoine Le Maistre,French Jansenist (b.1608)
• November 6–Pierre du Ryer,French dramatist (b.1606)
• November 7–Maeda Toshitsune,Japanese warlord (b.1594)
• November 8–Witte de With,Dutch naval officer (b.1599)
• November 26–Duke Francis Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg(b.1604)
• November 29–Margrave Charles Magnus of Baden-Durlach(b.1621)
• December 6–Baltasar Gracián y Morales,Spanish writer (b.1601)
• December 15–Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo,Italian prince-bishop (b.1599)
• December 20–Jean Jannon,French typefounder (b.1580)
• Date unknown:Osoet Pegua,Thai businesswoman (b.1615)