TheATP5F1Dgene is located on thep armofchromosome 19at position 13.3 and it spans 3,075 base pairs.[8]TheATP5F1Dgene produces a 17.5 kDa protein composed of 168amino acids.[9][10]The codedproteinis a subunit of themitochondrial ATP synthase(Complex V), which is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the solublecatalytic core,F1,and themembrane-spanning component, Fo,comprising theproton channel.The catalytic portion ofmitochondrial ATP synthaseconsists of 5 differentsubunits(alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with astoichiometryof 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. Theproton channelconsists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the delta subunit of the catalytic core.Alternatively splicedtranscript variants encoding the sameisoformhave been identified.[8]The structure of the protein has been known to resemble a 'lollipop' structure due to the attachment of the F1 catalytic unit to themitochondrial inner membraneby the F0 unit.[11]
Among the two components, CF1 - the catalytic core - and CF0 - the membrane proton channel of the F-type ATPase, ATP5F1D is associated with the catalytic core. The catalytic core is composed of five different subunits including alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon subunits. The protein has additional interactions withATP5I,ATP5O,PUS1,NDUFB5,GTPBP6,ATP5L,ATP5Jand others.[14][5][6]
^Jordan EM, Breen GA (February 1992). "Molecular cloning of an import precursor of the delta-subunit of the human mitochondrial ATP synthase complex".Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression.1130(1): 123–6.doi:10.1016/0167-4781(92)90477-h.PMID1531933.
Yoshida M, Muneyuki E, Hisabori T (September 2001). "ATP synthase--a marvellous rotary engine of the cell".Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology.2(9): 669–77.doi:10.1038/35089509.PMID11533724.S2CID3926411.
Hochstrasser DF, Frutiger S, Paquet N, Bairoch A, Ravier F, Pasquali C, Sanchez JC, Tissot JD, Bjellqvist B, Vargas R (December 1992). "Human liver protein map: a reference database established by microsequencing and gel comparison".Electrophoresis.13(12): 992–1001.doi:10.1002/elps.11501301201.PMID1286669.S2CID23518983.