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A Beautiful Mind(film)

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A Beautiful Mind
Theatrical release poster
Directed byRon Howard
Screenplay byAkiva Goldsman
Based onA Beautiful Mind
bySylvia Nasar
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyRoger Deakins
Edited by
Music byJames Horner
Production
companies
Distributed by
  • Universal Pictures[1]
    (North America)
  • DreamWorks Pictures[1]
    (International)
Release dates
  • December 13, 2001(2001-12-13)(Beverly Hillspremiere)
  • December 21, 2001(2001-12-21)(United States)
Running time
135 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$58 million[2]
Box office$316.8 million[2]

A Beautiful Mindis a 2001 Americanbiographical drama filmabout the mathematicianJohn Nash,aNobel Laureate in Economics,played byRussell Crowe.The film is directed byRon Howardbased on a screenplay byAkiva Goldsman,who adapted the1998 biographybySylvia Nasar.In addition to Crowe, the film's cast featuresEd Harris,Jennifer Connelly,Paul Bettany,Adam Goldberg,Judd Hirsch,Josh Lucas,Anthony Rapp,andChristopher Plummerin supporting roles. The story begins in Nash's days as a brilliant but asocial mathematics graduate student atPrinceton University.After Nash accepts secretive work in cryptography, he becomes liable to a larger conspiracy, through which he begins to question his reality.

A Beautiful Mindwas released theatrically in the United States on December 21, 2001. It went on to gross over $313 million worldwide and won fourAcademy Awards,forBest Picture,Best Director,Best Adapted ScreenplayandBest Supporting Actressfor Connelly. It was also nominated forBest Actor,Best Film Editing,Best Makeup,andBest Original Score.

Plot[edit]

In 1947,John Nasharrives atPrinceton Universityas a co-recipient, with Martin Hansen, of the Carnegie Scholarship for Mathematics. He meets fellow math and science graduate students Sol, Ainsley, and Bender, as well as his roommate Charles Herman, a literature student.

Determined to publish his own original idea, Nash is inspired when he and his classmates discuss how to approach a group of women at a bar. Hansen quotesAdam Smithadvocating "every man for himself", but Nash argues that a cooperative approach would lead to better chances of success, which leads him to develop anew concept of governing dynamics.Publishing an article on his theory, he earns an appointment atMITwhere he chooses Sol and Bender over Hansen to join him.

In 1953, Nash is invited tothe Pentagonto studyencryptedenemy telecommunications, which he deciphers mentally. Bored with his regular duties at MIT, including teaching, he is recruited by the mysterious William Parcher of theUnited States Department of Defensewith a classified assignment: to look for hidden patterns in magazines and newspapers to thwart aSovietplot and is given an implanteddiode,that would give him a numeral passcode to a drop spot. Nash becomes increasingly obsessive in his search for these patterns, delivering his results to a secret mailbox, and comes to believe he is being followed.

One of his students,Alicia Larde,asks him to dinner, and they fall in love. On a return visit to Princeton, Nash runs into Charles and his niece, Marcee. With Charles' encouragement, he proposes to Alicia and they marry. Nash fears for his life after surviving a shootout between Parcher and Soviet agents, and learns Alicia is pregnant, but he is forced to continue his assignment. While delivering a guest lecture atHarvard University,Nash tries to flee from people he thinks are Soviet agents, led by apsychiatristnamed Dr. Rosen, but is forcibly sedated and committed to a psychiatric facility.

Dr. Rosen tells Alicia that Nash hasschizophreniaand that Charles, Marcee, and Parcher exist only in his imagination. Alicia meets with Sol and Bender, who show her husband's work room, which shows various news and magazines clippings, and she finds the location of the secret mailbox at an abandoned mansion. Alicia takes the many various unopened documents to Nash, telling him that no one by the name of "William Parcher" is working in the Defense Department. Overcome with shock, Nash slices his arm open to locate the diode, but it is not there. Nash is given a course ofinsulin shock therapyand eventually released. Frustrated with theside effectsof hisantipsychoticmedication, he secretly stops taking it and starts seeing Parcher and Charles again.

In 1956, Alicia discovers Nash has resumed his "assignment" in a shed near their home. Realizing he has relapsed, Alicia rushes to the house to find Nash had left their infant son in the running bathtub, believing "Charles" was watching the baby. Alicia calls Dr. Rosen, but Nash accidentally knocks her and the baby to the ground, believing he's saving both of them from Parcher.

As Alicia flees with the baby, Nash fights with his visions and realizes that all of them have looked the same ever since he first saw them. He stops Alicia's car and tells her he realizes that "Marcee" isn't real because she has not aged since the last time he saw her, finally accepting that Parcher and other figures are hallucinations. Against Dr. Rosen's advice, Nash chooses not to undergo hospitalization again, believing he can deal with his symptoms himself, and Alicia decides to stay and support him.

Nash returns to Princeton, approaching his old rival Hansen, now head of themathematics department,who allows him to work out of the library andauditclasses. Over the next two decades, Nash learns to ignore his hallucinations and, by the late 1970s, is allowed to teach again.

In 1994, Nash is awarded theNobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciencesfor his revolutionary work ongame theory,and is honored by his fellow professors. At the ceremony, he dedicates the prize to his wife. As Nash, Alicia, and their son leave the auditorium inStockholm,Nash sees Charles, Marcee, and Parcher watching him, but merely glances at them before departing.

Cast[edit]

Production[edit]

Development[edit]

A Beautiful Mindwas the second schizophrenia-themed film thatRon Howardhad planned to direct. The first,Laws of Madness,would have been based on the true story of schizophrenicMichael Laudor,who overcame difficult odds to successfully graduate fromYale Law School.Howard purchased the rights to Laudor's life story for $1.5 million in 1995 and hadBrad Pittslated to play the lead role. However, after Laudor killed his fiancée in 1998 in the midst of apsychotic episode,plans for the movie were cancelled.[3][4]

After producerBrian Grazerfirst read an excerpt ofSylvia Nasar's 1998 bookA Beautiful MindinVanity Fairmagazine, he immediately purchased the rights to the film. Grazer later said that manyA-listdirectors were calling with their point of view on the project. He eventually brought the project to Ron Howard, his long-time professional partner.[5]

Grazer met with a number of screenwriters, mostly consisting of "serious dramatists", but he choseAkiva Goldsmanbecause of his strong passion and desire for the project. Goldsman's creative take on the project was to avoid having viewers understand they are viewing an alternative reality until a specific point in the film. This was done to rob the viewers of their understanding, to mimic how Nash comprehended his experiences. Howard agreed to direct the film based on the first draft. He asked Goldsman to emphasize the love story of Nash and his wife; she was critical to his being able to continue living at home.[6]

Dave Bayer,a professor of mathematics atBarnard College,Columbia University,[7]was consulted on the mathematical equations that appear in the film. For the scene where Nash has to teach a calculus class and gives them a complicated problem to keep them busy, Bayer chose a problem physically unrealistic but mathematically very rich, in keeping with Nash as "someone who really doesn't want to teach the mundane details, who will home in on what's really interesting". Bayer received a cameo role in the film as a professor who lays his pen down for Nash in the pen ceremony near the end of the film.[8]

Greg Cannomwas chosen to create the makeup effects forA Beautiful Mind,specifically the age progression of the characters. Crowe had previously worked with Cannom onThe Insider.Howard had also worked with Cannom onCocoon.Each character's stages of makeup were broken down by the number of years that would pass between levels. Cannom stressed subtlety between the stages, but worked toward the ultimate stage of "Older Nash". The production team originally decided that the makeup department would age Russell Crowe throughout the film; however, at Crowe's request, the makeup was used to push his look to resemble the facial features of John Nash. Cannom developed a new silicone-type makeup that could simulate skin and be used for overlapping applications; this shortened make-up application time from eight to four hours. Crowe was also fitted with a number of dentures to give him a slightoverbitein the film.[9]

Howard and Grazer chose frequent collaboratorJames Hornerto score the film because they knew of his ability to communicate. Howard said, regarding Horner, "it's like having a conversation with a writer or an actor or another director". A running discussion between the director and the composer was the concept of high-level mathematics being less about numbers and solutions, and more akin to akaleidoscope,in that the ideas evolve and change. After the first screening of the film, Horner told Howard: "I see changes occurring like fast-moving weather systems". He chose it as another theme to connect to Nash's ever-changing character. Horner chose Welsh singerCharlotte Churchto sing the soprano vocals after deciding that he needed a balance between a child and adult singing voice. He wanted a "purity, clarity and brightness of an instrument" but also avibratoto maintain the humanity of the voice.[10]

The film was shot 90% chronologically. Three separate trips were made to thePrinceton Universitycampus. During filming, Howard decided that Nash's hallucinations should always be introduced first audibly and then visually. This provides a clue for the audience and establishes the hallucinations from Nash's point of view. The historic John Nash had only auditory hallucinations. The filmmakers developed a technique to represent Nash's mental epiphanies. Mathematicians described to them such moments as a sense of "the smoke clearing", "flashes of light" and "everything coming together", so the filmmakers used a flash of light appearing over an object or person to signify Nash's creativity at work.[11]Two night shots were done atFairleigh Dickinson University's campus inFlorham Park, New Jersey,in the Vanderbilt Mansion ballroom.[12]Portions of the film set at Harvard were filmed atManhattan College.[13](Harvard has turned down most requests for on-location filming ever since the filming ofLove Story(1970), which caused significant physical damage to trees on campus.)[14]

Tom Cruisewas considered for the lead role.[15][16]Howard ultimately castRussell Crowe.For the role ofAlicia Nash,Rachel Weiszwas offered the role but turned it down.Charlize TheronandJulia Ormondauditioned for the role. According to Ron Howard, the four finalists for the role of Alicia wereAshley Judd,Claire Forlani,Mary McCormackandJennifer Connelly,with Connelly winning the role. Before the casting of Connelly,Hilary SwankandSalma Hayekwere also candidates for the part.

Writing[edit]

The narrative of the film differs considerably from the events of Nash's life in many respects, as filmmakers usedartistic licenseto create a compelling film. Most prominently, few of the characters in the film, besides John and Alicia Nash, correspond directly to actual people.[17]A Beautiful Mindhas been criticized for neglecting factual events, but the filmmakers said they never intended a literal representation of his life.[18]ThePBSdocumentaryA Brilliant Madnesstried to portray his life more accurately.[19]

One difficulty was finding a method to visually depict Nash's mental illness.[20]In reality, Nash never had visualhallucinations:Charles Herman (the "roommate" ), Marcee Herman and William Parcher (the Defense agent) are a scriptwriter's invention. Sylvia Nasar said that the filmmakers "invented a narrative that, while far from a literal telling, is true to the spirit of Nash's story".[21]Nash spent his years between Princeton and MIT as a consultant for theRAND Corporationin California, but in the film he is portrayed as having worked for the Department of Defense atthe Pentagoninstead. His handlers, both from faculty and administration, had to introduce him to assistants and strangers.[11]

The discussion of theNash equilibriumwas criticized as over-simplified. In the film, Nash has schizophrenic hallucinations while he is in graduate school, but in his life he did not have this experience until some years later. No mention is made of Nash's alleged homosexual experiences at RAND.[21]Nash's biographer notes he was arrested in a 1954 police sting operation targeting gay men inSanta Monicaand subsequently lost his security clearance, but charges were dropped and furthermore there is no evidence Nash was ever sexually active with men.[22]Furthermore, both Nash and his wife denied these encounters occurred.[23]Nash fathered a son, John David Stier (born June 19, 1953), by Eleanor Agnes Stier (1921–2005), a nurse whom he abandoned when she told him of her pregnancy.[24]The film did not include Alicia's divorce of John in 1963. It was not until after Nash won the Nobel Memorial Prize in 1994 that they renewed their relationship. Beginning in 1970, Alicia allowed him to live with her as a boarder. They remarried in 2001.[25]

Nash is shown to join Wheeler Laboratory at MIT, but there is no such lab. Instead, he was appointed asC. L. E. Moore instructorat MIT, and later as a professor.[26]The film furthermore does not touch on the revolutionary work of John Nash in differential geometry and partial differential equations, such as theNash embedding theoremor his proof ofHilbert's nineteenth problem,work which he did in his time at MIT and for which he was given theAbel Prizein 2015. The so-called pen ceremony tradition at Princeton shown in the film is completely fictitious.[11][27]The film has Nash saying in 1994: "I take the newer medications". In fact, he did not take any medication from 1970 onward, something highlighted in Nasar's biography. Howard later stated that they added the line of dialogue because they worried that the film would be criticized for suggesting that all people with schizophrenia can overcome their illness without medication.[11]In addition, Nash never gave an acceptance speech for his Nobel prize.

Soundtrack[edit]

Main article:A Beautiful Mind (soundtrack)

Release[edit]

A Beautiful Mindreceived a limited release on December 13, 2001, receiving positive reviews, with Crowe receiving wide acclaim for his performance. It was later released in the United States on December 21, 2001.

A Beautiful Mindwas released onVHSandDVD,inwide- and full-screeneditions, in North America on June 25, 2002.[28]The DVD set includes audio commentaries, deleted scenes, and documentaries.[29]The film was also released onBlu-rayin North America on January 25, 2011.[30]

Reception[edit]

Box office[edit]

During the five-day weekend of the limited release,A Beautiful Mindopened at the #12 spot at the box office,[31]peaking at the #2 spot following the wide release.[32]The film went on to gross $170,742,341 in the United States and Canada and $313,542,341 worldwide.[2]

Critical response[edit]

OnRotten Tomatoes,A Beautiful Mindholds an approval rating of 74% based on 214 reviews and an average score of 7.20/10. The website's critical consensus states: "The well-actedA Beautiful Mindis both a moving love story and a revealing look at mental illness. "[33]OnMetacritic,the film has aweighted averagescore of 72 out of 100 based on 33 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[34]Audiences polled byCinemaScoregave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.[35]

Roger EbertofChicago Sun-Timesgave the film four out of four stars.[36]Mike Clark ofUSA Todaygave three-and-a-half out of four stars and also praised Crowe's performance, calling it a welcome follow-up to Howard's previous film, 2000’sHow the Grinch Stole Christmas.[37]Desson Thomson ofThe Washington Postfound the film to be "one of those formulaically rendered Important Subject movies".[38]The portrayal of mathematics in the film was praised by the mathematics community, including John Nash himself.[8]

John Sutherland ofThe Guardiannoted the film's biopic distortions, but said:

Howard pulls off an extraordinary trick inA Beautiful Mindby seducing the audience into Nash's paranoid world. We may not leave the cinema with A-level competence in game theory, but we do get a glimpse into what it feels like to be mad - and not know it.[39]

Some writers such as Shailee Koranne argue that the film presents an unrealistic or inappropriate depiction of the disorder schizophrenia, which the protagonist John Nash suffers from, stating that places too much emphasis on “fixing” the disorder.[40]

Writing in theLos Angeles Times,Lisa Navarrette criticized the casting of Jennifer Connelly asAlicia Nashas an example ofwhitewashing.Alicia Nash was born inEl Salvadorand had an accent not portrayed in the film.[41]

Awards and nominations[edit]

Award Category Recipient Result
Academy Awards[42] Best Picture Brian GrazerandRon Howard Won
Best Director Ron Howard Won
Best Actor Russell Crowe Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Jennifer Connelly Won
Best Screenplay – Based on Material Previously Produced or Published Akiva Goldsman Won
Best Film Editing Mike HillandDaniel P. Hanley Nominated
Best Makeup Greg CannomandColleen Callaghan Nominated
Best Original Score James Horner Nominated
Amanda Awards Best Foreign Feature Film Ron Howard Nominated
American Cinema Editors Awards Best Edited Feature Film – Dramatic Mike Hill and Daniel P. Hanley Nominated
American Film Institute Awards[43] Movie of the Year Nominated
Actor of the Year – Male – Movies Russell Crowe Nominated
Featured Actor of the Year – Female – Movies Jennifer Connelly Won
Screenwriter of the Year Akiva Goldsman Nominated
Artios Awards[44] Outstanding Achievement in Feature Film Casting – Drama Jane Jenkinsand Janet Hirshenson Nominated
ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards Top Box Office Films James Horner Won
Australian Film Institute Awards[45] Best Foreign Film Brian Grazer and Ron Howard Nominated
Awards Circuit Community Awards Best Actor in a Leading Role Russell Crowe Won
Best Actress in a Supporting Role Jennifer Connelly Won
Best Adapted Screenplay Akiva Goldsman Nominated
Best Original Score James Horner Nominated
Best Cast Ensemble Paul Bettany,Jennifer Connelly, Russell Crowe,Adam Goldberg,
Jason Gray-Stanford,Ed Harris,Judd Hirsch,Josh Lucas,
Austin Pendleton,Christopher Plummer,andAnthony Rapp 		Nominated
British Academy Film Awards[46] Best Film Brian Grazer and Ron Howard Nominated
Best Direction Ron Howard Nominated
Best Actor in a Leading Role Russell Crowe Won
Best Actress in a Supporting Role Jennifer Connelly Won
Best Adapted Screenplay Akiva Goldsman Nominated
Chicago Film Critics Association Awards[47] Best Film Nominated
Best Director Ron Howard Nominated
Best Actor Russell Crowe Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Jennifer Connelly Nominated
Best Screenplay Akiva Goldsman Nominated
Best Original Score James Horner Nominated
Christopher Awards Feature Film Won
Critics' Choice Awards[48] Best Picture Won
Best Director Ron Howard Won[a]
Best Actor Russell Crowe Won
Best Supporting Actress Jennifer Connelly Won
Best Screenplay Akiva Goldsman Nominated
Czech Lion Awards Best Foreign Film Nominated
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards Best Picture Won
Best Director Ron Howard Won
Best Actor Russell Crowe Won
Best Supporting Actress Jennifer Connelly Nominated
Best Screenplay Akiva Goldsman Won
Directors Guild of America Awards[49] Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures Ron Howard Won
DVD Exclusive Awards Best Audio Commentary – New Release Nominated
Original Retrospective Documentary – New Release Colleen A. Benn and Marian Mansi Nominated
Empire Awards Best Actress Jennifer Connelly Nominated
Golden Eagle Awards[50] Best Foreign Language Film Ron Howard Nominated
Golden Globe Awards[51] Best Motion Picture – Drama Won
Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama Russell Crowe Won
Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture Jennifer Connelly Won
Best Director – Motion Picture Ron Howard Nominated
Best Screenplay – Motion Picture Akiva Goldsman Won
Best Original Score – Motion Picture James Horner Nominated
Golden Reel Awards[52] Best Sound Editing – Dialogue & ADR, Domestic Feature Film Anthony J. Ciccolini III, Deborah Wallach,
Stan Bochner, Louis Cerborino, and Marc Laub 		Nominated
Best Sound Editing – Music (Foreign & Domestic) Jim Henrikson Nominated
Golden Schmoes Awards Best Actor of the Year Russell Crowe Nominated
Best Supporting Actress of the Year Jennifer Connelly Won
GoldSpirit Awards Best Soundtrack James Horner Nominated
Best Drama Soundtrack Nominated
Grammy Awards[53] Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media A Beautiful Mind: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack– James Horner Nominated
Humanitas Prize[54] Feature Film Category Akiva Goldsman Nominated
Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards[55] Best Supporting Actress Jennifer Connelly Won[b]
Las Vegas Film Critics Society Awards[56] Best Supporting Actress Nominated
London Film Critics Circle Awards British Supporting Actor of the Year Paul Bettany Nominated
MTV Movie Awards[57] Best Male Performance Russell Crowe Nominated
Online Film & Television Association Awards[58] Best Picture Brian Grazer and Ron Howard Nominated
Best Actor Russell Crowe Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Jennifer Connelly Won
Best Adapted Screenplay Akiva Goldsman Nominated
Best Original Score James Horner Nominated
Online Film Critics Society Awards[59] Best Actor Russell Crowe Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Jennifer Connelly Won
Producers Guild of America Awards[60] Outstanding Producer of Theatrical Motion Pictures Brian Grazer and Ron Howard Nominated
Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards Best Picture Nominated
Best Director Ron Howard Nominated
Best Actor in a Leading Role Russell Crowe Won
Best Actress in a Supporting Role Jennifer Connelly Won
Best Screenplay – Adaptation Akiva Goldsman Nominated
Best Original Score James Horner Nominated
Russian Guild of Film Critics Awards Best Foreign Actor Russell Crowe Nominated
San Diego Film Critics Society Awards Best Actor Nominated
Satellite Awards[61] Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama Nominated
Best Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama Ed Harris Nominated
Best Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama Jennifer Connelly Won
Best Adapted Screenplay Akiva Goldsman Nominated
Best Editing Mike Hill and Daniel P. Hanley Nominated
Best Original Score James Horner Nominated
Best Original Song "All Love Can Be"
Music by James Horner;
Lyrics byWill Jennings 		Won
Screen Actors Guild Awards[62] Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Paul Bettany, Jennifer Connelly, Russell Crowe, Adam Goldberg,
Jason Gray-Stanford, Ed Harris, Judd Hirsch, Josh Lucas,
Austin Pendleton, Christopher Plummer, and Anthony Rapp 		Nominated
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role Russell Crowe Won
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Jennifer Connelly Nominated
Southeastern Film Critics Association Awards[63] Best Picture 7th Place[c]
Best Supporting Actress Jennifer Connelly Won[d]
Teen Choice Awards Choice Movie – Drama/Action Adventure Nominated
Turkish Film Critics Association Awards Best Foreign Film 12th Place
USC Scripter Awards[64] Akiva Goldsman(screenwriter);Sylvia Nasar(author) Won
Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards[65] Best Actor Russell Crowe Nominated
Voices in the Shadow Dubbing Festival Best Male Voice Fabrizio Pucci(for the dubbing of Russell Crowe) Nominated
World Soundtrack Awards[66] Soundtrack Composer of the Year James Horner Nominated
Writers Guild of America Awards[67] Best Screenplay – Based on Material Previously Produced or Published Akiva Goldsman Won
Yoga Awards Worst Foreign Director Ron Howard Won

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^Tied withBaz LuhrmannforMoulin Rouge!.
  2. ^Tied withMaggie SmithforGosford Park.
  3. ^Tied withMulholland Drive.
  4. ^Tied withMaggie SmithforGosford ParkandMarisa TomeiforIn the Bedroom.

References[edit]

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External links[edit]

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