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Agency for Defense Development

Coordinates:36°25′06″N127°19′21″E/ 36.4184077°N 127.3225271°E/36.4184077; 127.3225271
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Agency for Defense Development
국방과학연구소
Gukbang Gwahak Yeonguso

Headquarters inYuseong District,Daejeon
Agency overview
Formed6 August 1970;53 years ago(1970-08-06)
Preceding agency
  • Ministry of National Defense Scientific Research Institute (July 1954-July 1961)[1][2]
JurisdictionGovernment of South Korea
Headquarters160, Bugyuseong-daero 488beon-gil,Yuseong-gu,Daejeon,South Korea
36°25′06″N127°19′21″E/ 36.4184077°N 127.3225271°E/36.4184077; 127.3225271
Motto"Defending our nation with the strength of our own science and technology!"[3]
Employees3,432 (2023)[4]
Annual budget₩1.485 trillion
US$1.188 billion (2022)[5]
Agency executives
  • Park Jong-seung, Director
  • Jung Jin-gyeong, Deputy Director
Parent departmentDefense Acquisition Program Administration
WebsiteOfficial ADD website in English
Official ADD website in Korean

TheAgency for Defense Development(ADD,Korean:국방과학연구소;Hanja:Quốc phòng khoa học nghiên cứu sở;RR:Gukbang Gwahak Yeonguso) is the South Korean government agency forresearch and developmentin defense technology, funded by theDefense Acquisition Program Administration(DAPA). It was established in August 1970 under the banner of the self-reliant national defense promoted by PresidentPark Chung Hee.[6]

Its purpose is contributing to enforcing thenational defence,to improving the national R&D capacity, and to fostering thedomestic defense industry.ADD focuses on core weapons systems and core technology development, and studies major weapons platforms in high-risk and non-economical fields, unmanned and advanced, and new weapon systems for the future.

ADD is responsible for first South Korean ballistic missileNike HerculesKorea-1 aka White/Polar Bear, developed in the 1970s with its first successful test in 1978.[7]

ADD is the operator of South Korea's first dedicated military satellite,ANASIS-II,launched on 20 July 2020 by aFalcon 9rocket.[8]

History

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PresidentPark Chung-heeinspects prototypes developed in ADD at the Military Equipment Exhibition on 3 April 1972
Agency for Defense Development
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationGukbang Gwahak Yeonguso
McCune–ReischauerKukpang Kwahak Yŏn'guso
ADD's history of research and development

After the three-yearKorean War,which ended in anarmisticerather than anend-of-war agreement,South Korea andNorth Koreawere in conflict during theCold War.Since theMutual Defense Treatysigned in October 1953, South Korea has been making efforts to rebuild its economy while receivingmilitary aidfrom theUnited States.[9]Despite military aid from the U.S. and abroad, in July 1954,Rhee Syng-man,then the first president of the South Korean government, established the Ministry of National Defense Scientific Research Institute to foster independent defense production capabilities, and the South Korean government's attempt to produce its own military supplies has contributed to the localization of military supplies such as military food, combat uniforms, and defense components that relied solely on foreign aid.[1][2]

After theNixon Doctrineannounced on July 25, 1969, about 20,000 U.S. troops in South Korea withdrew, creating an atmosphere of reconciliation between the United States and theEastern Bloc.PresidentPark Chung-hee,who has been in power since December 1963, believed that the withdrawal of Nixon Doctrine and U.S. troops from South Korea would weaken the military power of South Korea, which relied on the U.S., and North Korea's military provocations against the South, which began in the late 1960s, surged further, and the South Korean government began to feel the need for self-reliant national defense, which did not rely on U.S. military aid. Later, in August 1970, the Agency for Defense Development was established, and in November of the following year, it started an independent defense development project called the Basic Weapon Emergency Prototype Development.[9][10]

However, in the 1970s, South Korea had poor basic industries and systems to develop and stably produce military equipment. In 1973, the South Korean government designated heavy and chemical industries such assteel,machinery,chemicals,andPetroleumas national strategic industries to foster basic industries. Later, in February 1974, the eight-year military construction defense plan (군사력 건설 국방 8개년 계획), calledYulgokProject, began, which included plans to strengthen the South Korean military's power.[9][10][11]

Organization

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Audit department[12][13]

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  • Director
  • Defense industry technology support center

Deputy director[12][13]

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  • Policy Planning Department
  • Research Planning Department
  • Academy of Defense Science and Technology
  • Ground Technology Research Institute
  • Maritime Technology Research Institute
  • Aerospace Technology Research Institute
  • Institute of Civil-Military Technology Cooperation
  • 1st Research and Development Institute
  • 2nd Research and Development Institute
  • 3rd Research and Development Institute
  • 4th Research and Development Institute
  • 5th Research and Development Institute
  • Institute of Defense Advanced Technology Research
  • Defense Rapid Acquisition Technology Research Institute
  • Research Support Headquarters
  • Safety and Security Center

Major research and development projects

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Development programs for defense technology are categorized into basic research and development, key technology R&D, civil-military technology cooperation, and essential parts, software development and technology demonstration of new concepts. Almost all major development projects are collaborating with ADD and South Korean defense company, most of the key technologies are developed under the initiative of the ADD, and private defense companies are responsible for the development of the remaining sub-technology and the production of essential parts and finished products.[14]

Infantry weapon

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Missile systems[15]

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Missile defense systems[18]

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  • KP-SAM(Chiron) manportablesurface-to-air missilesystem
  • K-SAM(Pegasus) short-range surface-to-air missile system based on Crotale R440 missile system
  • KM-SAM(Cheongung-I) medium-range surface-to-air missile system based on technology from the 9M96 missile used onS-350EandS-400 missile systems
    • KM-SAM Block-II (Cheongung-II) enhanced medium-range surface-to-air missile system
  • K-SAAM(Haegung) short range ship-based surface-to-air missile system
  • L-SAMlong-range multi-layered missile defense system

Ground weapon systems[19]

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Maritime and underwater weapon systems[20]

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Aircraft and UAV systems[21]

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Surveillance and reconnaissance systems[22]

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Command and control and information warfare systems[23]

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  • Tactical Information Communications Network (TICN)
  • Joint TacticalData LinkSystem (JTDLS)
  • Air Defense Command Control and Alert (ADC2A) system
  • AirborneELINTpod system
  • Tactical communicationelectronic warfare(EW) system-II (TLQ-200K)
  • Airborneelectronic countermeasure(ECM) pod system (ALQ-200)
  • Shipboard electronic warfare system (SLQ-200K)
  • AdvancedSIGINTaircraft system

Space technologies[24]

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  • Reconnaissance space-basedsurveillanceandreconnaissancesystem
  • Small satellite system
  • Military satellite communication system-I
    • Military satellite communication system-II

Core technologies[25]

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Future technologies[26]

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ab"이승만 정권 시기 과학정책과 국방부 과학연구소 중견관리의 행정경험".The Archives of Korean History. 11 October 2013. Archived fromthe originalon 16 June 2022.Retrieved16 June2022.
  2. ^abMoon Man-yong (2015)."Understanding Compressed Growth of Science and Technology in South Korea: Focusing on Public Research Institutes".The Korean Journal for the History of Science.37(2). The Korean History of Science Society: 431–453.ISSN1229-7895.
  3. ^"Mission & Vision".Agency for Defense Development. Archived fromthe originalon 26 May 2022.Retrieved26 May2022.
  4. ^"3. 임직원 수".Ministry of Economy and Finance.2023. Archived fromthe originalon 24 September 2023.Retrieved24 September2023.
  5. ^"국방기술 연구개발 투자 1조 원 시대를 열다".Defense Acquisition Program Administration.6 September 2021. Archived fromthe originalon 30 May 2022.Retrieved30 May2022.
  6. ^Kwon, Peter (2023)."Defender of the Nation, Champion of Science: The Agency for Defense Development as a Nexus for the Technological Transformation of South Korea".Journal of Korean Studies.28(1): 59–90.doi:10.1215/07311613-10213182.S2CID258279383.
  7. ^Mistry, Dinshaw (2003).Containing Missile Proliferation: Strategic Technology, Security Regimes, and International Cooperation in Arms Control.University of Washington Press.ISBN9780295985077.
  8. ^Anasis 2 (KMilSatCom 1)
  9. ^abc"1970년대 방위산업 육성: 자주국방의 토대 구축".National Museum of Korean Contemporary History. Archived fromthe originalon 29 July 2023.Retrieved29 July2023.
  10. ^abChoi Sungbin, Ko Byungsung and Lee Hoseok (2010)."The Development Process & Achievement of the Korean Defense Industry for Last 40 Years".Korea Institute for Defense Analyses.Archived fromthe originalon 14 November 2023.Retrieved14 November2023.
  11. ^"중화학공업 ( trọng hóa học công nghiệp )".Academy of Korean Studies.Archived fromthe originalon 29 July 2023.Retrieved29 July2023.
  12. ^ab"조직도".Agency for Defense Development. Archived fromthe originalon 26 October 2023.Retrieved26 October2023.
  13. ^ab"국방과학연구소 ( quốc phòng khoa học nghiên cứu sở )".Encyclopedia of Korean Culture.Academy of Korean Studies.Archived fromthe originalon 26 October 2023.Retrieved26 October2023.
  14. ^"Defense Technology R&D".Agency for Defense Development. Archived fromthe originalon 30 November 2022.Retrieved30 November2022.
  15. ^"Missile Systems".Agency for Defense Development. Archived fromthe originalon 25 May 2022.Retrieved25 May2022.
  16. ^"ADD, SLBM 잠수함 최초 발사시험 성공".Ministry of National Defense.15 September 2021. Archived fromthe originalon 15 September 2021.Retrieved15 September2021.
  17. ^Jung Bit-na (28 February 2022)."'안보불안' 우려했나…정부·군, L-SAM 등 무기영상 이례적 공개(종합) ".Yonhap News Agency.Archived fromthe originalon 28 February 2022.Retrieved28 February2022.
  18. ^"Missile Defense Systems".Agency for Defense Development. Archived fromthe originalon 26 May 2022.Retrieved26 May2022.
  19. ^"Ground Weapon Systems".Agency for Defense Development. Archived fromthe originalon 26 May 2022.Retrieved26 May2022.
  20. ^"Maritime/Underwater Weapon Systems".Agency for Defense Development. Archived fromthe originalon 26 May 2022.Retrieved26 May2022.
  21. ^"Aircraft and UAV Systems".Agency for Defense Development. Archived fromthe originalon 26 May 2022.Retrieved26 May2022.
  22. ^"Surveillance and Reconnaissance Systems".Agency for Defense Development. Archived fromthe originalon 26 May 2022.Retrieved26 May2022.
  23. ^"Command and Control/Information Warfare Systems".Agency for Defense Development. Archived fromthe originalon 26 May 2022.Retrieved26 May2022.
  24. ^"Space Technologies".Agency for Defense Development. Archived fromthe originalon 25 May 2022.Retrieved25 May2022.
  25. ^"Core Technologies".Agency for Defense Development. Archived fromthe originalon 26 May 2022.Retrieved26 May2022.
  26. ^"Future Technologies".Agency for Defense Development. Archived fromthe originalon 26 May 2022.Retrieved26 May2022.
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