Jump to content

Ahmed Yassin

Extended-protected article
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other people named Ahmed Yassin, seeAhmed Yassin (disambiguation).

Sheikh
Ahmed Yassin
أحمد ياسين
Yassin in 2004
BornJune 1936(1936-06)
Al-Jura,Mandatory Palestine[1](now known asAshkelon,Israel)
Died22 March 2004(2004-03-22)(aged 67)
Gaza City,Gaza Strip
Cause of deathAssassination
NationalityPalestinian
EducationAl-Azhar University,Cairo
Occupations
OrganizationHamas

SheikhAhmed Ismail Hassan Yassin(Arabic:الشيخ أحمد إسماعيل حسن ياسين;June 1936 – 22 March 2004)[2]was aPalestinianpolitician andimamwho foundedHamas,a Palestinian militantIslamistandnationalistorganization in theGaza Strip,in 1987.[3][4][5][6][7]

Yassin was born inAshkelon,inMandatory Palestinein 1929 or 1936. His familyfled or were expelledduring the1948 Palestine WartoGaza City.Yassin, aquadriplegic[8]who was nearlyblind,had been reliant on a wheelchair due to a sporting accident at the age of 12.

After its founding, he served as thespiritual leaderof Hamas, which isdesignated a terrorist organization by the US, the EU and several other countries.[9]The Israeli government held him responsible for the killing of several Israeli civilians.[10]In 2004,he was killedwhen an Israeli helicopter gunship fired a missile at him as he was being wheeled fromFajr prayerinGaza City.[11]The attack, which also killed both of his bodyguards and nine bystanders, was internationally condemned.[11]200,000 Palestinians attended hisfuneral processionin Gaza.[12]

Early life

Ahmed Yassin was born inal-Jura,a small village near the city ofAshkelon,in theMandatory Palestine.[1]His date of birth is not known for certain: according to his Palestinian passport, he was born on 1 January 1929, but he claimed to have actually been born in the summer of 1936. His father, Abdullah Yassin, died when he was three years old. Afterward, he became known in his neighborhood as Ahmad Sa'ada after his mother Sa'ada al-Habeel. This was to differentiate him from the children of his father's other three wives. Together, Yassin had four brothers and two sisters. He and his entire family fled toGaza,settling inal-Shati Campafter his village wasethnically cleansed[13]by theIsrael Defense Forcesduring the1948 Arab–Israeli War.[11][14]

Yassin came to Gaza as arefugee.When he was 12, he sustained a severe spinal injury while wrestling his friend Abdullah al-Khatib. His neck was kept in plaster for 45 days. The damage to his spinal cord rendered him aquadraplegicfor the rest of his life. Fearing a rift between his family and al-Khatib's, Yassin initially told his family that he sustained his injuries while playing leapfrog during a sports lesson with his school friends on the beach.[15]

Although Yassin applied to and attendedAl-Azhar UniversityinCairo,he was unable to pursue his studies there due to his deteriorating health. He was forced to be educated at home where he read widely, particularly on philosophy and on religion, politics, sociology, and economics. His followers believe that his worldly knowledge made him "one of the best speakers in the Gaza Strip". During this time, he began delivering weekly sermons afterFriday prayers,drawing large crowds of people.[15]

After years of unemployment, he got a post as anArabic languageteacher at an elementary school inRimal,Gaza. Headmaster Mohammad al-Shawa initially had reservations about Yassin, concerning the reception he would receive from the pupils due to his disability. However, according to al-Shawa, Yassin handled them well and his popularity grew, especially among the more scholarly children. His teaching methods reportedly provoked mixed reactions among parents because he encouraged his students to attend the mosque an additional two times a week.[15]Having a regular job gave Yassin financial stability, and he married one of his relatives Halima Yassin in 1960 at the age of 22.[16]The couple had eleven children.[17]

Involvement in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

Yassin at Israeli military court in 1990

Yassin was actively involved in setting up a Palestinian branch of theMuslim Brotherhood.[18]In 1973, the Islamic charityMujama al-Islamiyawas established in Gaza by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin and the organization was recognized by Israel in 1979.[19]In 1984 he and others were jailed for secretly stockpiling weapons, but in 1985 he was released as part of theJibril Agreement.[20]In 1987, during theFirst Intifada,Yassin co-foundedHamaswithAbdel Aziz al-Rantisi,originally calling it the "paramilitary wing" of the Palestinian Muslim Brotherhood, and becoming its spiritual leader.[21]

In 1989, Yassin was arrested by Israel and sentenced to life imprisonment for ordering killings of alleged Palestinian collaborators.[22]In 1997, Yassin was released from Israeli prison as part of an arrangement withJordanfollowing a failed assassination attempt of Hamas leaderKhaled Mashalby the IsraeliMossadin Jordan. Yassin was released in exchange for two Mossad agents who had been arrested by Jordanian authorities, on the condition that he refrained from continuing to call forsuicide bombingsagainst Israel.[21][23]The New York Timesreported about his poor health at the time: "Sheik Ahmad Yassin, spiritual leader of Hamas, back home in Gaza after his release by Israel, is so frail he drinks only with help."[24]

Following his release, Yassin resumed his leadership of Hamas. He immediately repeated his calls for attacks on Israel, using tactics including suicide bombings, thus violating the condition of his release.[23]He also sought to maintain relations with thePalestinian Authority,believing that a clash between the two groups would be harmful to the interests of thePalestinian people.[21]Yassin was intermittently placed underhouse arrestby the Authority. Each time he was eventually released, often after extendeddemonstrationsby his supporters. Yassin criticized the outcome of the 2003Aqaba summit.His group initially declared a temporary truce with Israel. However, in July 2003, the truce unravelled aftera Hamas suicide bombingof a Jerusalem bus killed 21 people the previous month. Israeli forces killed two Hamas members in retaliation.[21]

Yassin meeting with Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei in Tehran (1998)

On 6 September 2003, anIsraeli Air Force(IAF)F-16fired several missiles on a building in Gaza City in theGaza Strip.Yassin was in the building at the time but survived.[11]Israeli officials later confirmed that Yassin was the target of the attack. His injuries were treated atShifa Hospitalin Gaza City. Yassin responded to the media that "Days will prove that the assassination policy will not finish the Hamas. Hamas leaders wish to be martyrs and are not scared of death.Jihadwill continue and the resistance will continue until we have victory, or we will be martyrs. "[25]

Yassin further promised that Hamas would teach Israel an "unforgettable lesson" as a result of the assassination attempt.[26]Yassin made no attempt to guard himself from further attempts on his life or hide his location. Journalists sometimes visited his Gaza address and Yassin maintained a routine daily pattern of activity, including being wheeled every morning to a nearby mosque.

Reem Riyashi'ssuicide bombing at the Erez crossingon 14 January 2004, which killed four civilians, was believed by the Israeli military to have been directly ordered by Yassin.[27]Yassin suggested that the suicide bomber was fulfilling her "obligation" to makejihad,[28]and Israel's Deputy Defence Minister responded by publicly declaring that Yassin was "marked for death". Yassin denied any involvement in the attack.[27]

Involvement in attacks on Israel

See also:List of Hamas suicide attacks

Yassin was a founder and leader of Hamas, which is regarded as a terrorist organization by Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan, Paraguay, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union.[9][29]Israeli Prime MinisterAriel Sharoncharacterized Yassin as the "mastermind of Palestinian terror" and a "mass murderer".[12]TheIsraeli governmentrepeatedly asserted that Yassin was responsible for a number of terrorist attacks, which targeted and killed civilians.[10]

In 1997, Yassin proposed a halt of attacks on Israel, if Israel withdrew from the West Bank and Gaza.[30]

In his statement Yassin declared that Hamas did target Israeli civilians, but only in direct retaliation for the death of Palestinian civilians. In his thinking this was a necessary tactic to "show the Israelis they could not get away without a price for killing our people."[31]In June 2003, after visiting al-Rantisi in hospital after a failed Israeli missile attack against him, Yassin told reporters: "Israel is targeting Palestinian civilians, so Israeli civilians should be targeted. From now on, all Israeli people are targets." "We got Israel's message. They should now expect the answer."[32]

Views on Jews

In an interview, probably recorded in the 1990s, Ahmed Yassin stated his view on Jews:

"We don't hate Jews and fight Jews because they are Jewish. They are a people of faith and we are a people of faith, and we love all people of faith. If my brother, from my own mother and father and my own faith takes my homes and expels me from it, I will fight him. I will fight my cousin if he takes my home and expels me from it. So when a Jew takes my home and expels me from it, I will fight him. I don't fight other countries because I want to be at peace with them, I love all people and wish peace for them, even the Jews. The Jews lived with us all of our lives and we never assaulted them, and they held high positions in government and ministries. But if they take my home and make me a refugee like 4 million Palestinians in exile? Who has more right to this land? The Russian immigrant who left this land 2000 years ago or the one who left 40 years ago? We don't hate the Jews, we only ask for them to give us our rights."[33]

In a 1997 speech, Yassin said:[34]

I want to proclaim loudly to the world that we are not fighting Jews because they are Jews! We are fighting them because they assaulted us, they killed us, they took our land, our homes, our children, our women, they scattered us, we became scattered everywhere, a people without a homeland. We want our rights. We don't want more. We love peace, but they hate the peace, because people who take away the rights of others don't believe in peace. Why should we not fight? We have our right to defend ourselves.

Views on the peace process

Yassin's views on thepeace processbetween the Palestinians and theIsraeliswere ambiguous. He supported armed resistance against Israel and asserted thatPalestineis an Islamic land "consecrated for future Muslim generations untilJudgment Day"and that no Arab leader had the right to give up any part of this territory.[35]Concerning that territorial conflict, Yassin's rhetoric did not distinguish between Israelis and Jews, at one point stating that "reconciliation with the Jews is a crime."[36]However, he regarded as his religious cousins, and stating his conflict with them is purely over land he deemed stolen territory.[37]

Yassin's rhetoric was often scrutinized in the news media.[38]On one occasion, he opined that Israel "must disappear from the map."[38]Yassin's declaration that "We chose this road, and will end with martyrdom or victory" later became a repeated mantra among Palestinians.[39]

Yassin on several occasions proposed long-term ceasefire agreements, or truces, so calledHudnas,in exchange for Israeli concessions. All such offers were rejected by Israel. Following his release from Israeli prison in 1997, he proposed a ten-year truce in exchange for total Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and Gaza and a stop to Israeli attacks on civilians. In 1999, in an interview with an Egyptian newspaper, he again offered a truce:[40]

We have to be realistic. We are talking about a homeland that was stolen a long time ago in 1948 and again in 1967. My generation today is telling the Israelis, 'Let's solve this problem now, on the basis of the 1967 borders. Let's end this conflict by declaring a temporary ceasefire. Let's leave the bigger issue for future generations to decide.' The Palestinians will decide in the future about the nature of relations with Israel, but it must be a democratic decision.[40]

It was shortly after once such truce offer, in January 2004, that Yassin was assassinated.[41]

Death

Main article:Killing of Ahmed Yassin

Yassin was killed in an Israeli attack on 22 March 2004. While he was being wheeled out of an early morning prayer session inGaza City,[42]an IsraeliAH-64 Apachehelicopter gunshipfiredHellfire missilesat Yassin and both of his bodyguards. Before the attack, Israeli F-16 jets flew overhead to obscure the noise of the approaching helicopters.[42]Yassin always used the same direction every morning to go to the same mosque in theSabradistrict that is 100 m (330 ft) from his home.[42]

Yassin and his bodyguards were killed instantly, along with nine bystanders.[11][43]Another 12 people were injured in the operation, including two of Yassin's sons.Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi,Yassin's deputy, became the Hamas leader after his assassination, but was also killed shortly thereafter.[42]

Reaction to assassination

Kofi Annan,UN Secretary General,condemned the killing.[44]TheUN Commission on Human Rightspassed a resolution condemning the killing[45]supported by votes from 31 countries including thePeople's Republic of China,India,Indonesia,Russia,andSouth Africa,with 2 votes against and 18 abstentions. TheArab Leaguecouncil also expressed condemnation,[46]as did theAfrican Union.

A draft resolution condemning the extrajudicial execution of Yassin and six other Palestinians, as well as all terrorist attacks against civilians[47]was brought before theUnited Nations Security Counciland vetoed by the United States, with United Kingdom, Germany, andRomaniaabstaining.[48]The United States explained that the draft resolution should have condemnedHamasexplicitly following its sponsoredsuicide bombings in Ashdodthe week before.[48]

Palestinian

ThePalestinian Authoritydeclared three days of mourning and closed Palestinian schools. Hamas officialIsmail Haniyehsuggested, "This is the moment Sheikh Yassin dreamed about". The Hamas leadership saidAriel Sharonhad "opened the gates of hell". Hamas called for retaliation against Israel. About 200,000 people took to the streets of the Gaza Strip for Yassin's funeral as Israeli forces declared a national alert.[12]

The assassination of Yassin also led to the fact that Hamas, for the first time, was named as the most popular movement in Palestine by the residents of the West Bank and Gaza Strip two weeks after the assassination.[49]

Abdel Aziz Rantisiwas announced as the new head of Hamas. At a memorial service for Sheik Yassin, he declared that "The Israelis will not know security... We will fight them until the liberation of Palestine, the whole of Palestine."[50]Publicly addressing the "military wing" of Hamas, Rantisi suggested, "The door is open for you to strike all places, all the time and using all means."[50]Rantisi was himself killed by Israel on 17 April 2004 in an assassination almost identical to that of Yassin.[51]He was killed by three rockets fired from aGunshipby the Israeli Military.[52][53]

On 31 August 2004, at least 15 Israeli people were killed and 80 injured in asuicide attackagainst two Israeli buses inBeersheba.Hamas stated the attack was a revenge for the assassination of Rantisi and Yassin.[54]Following the bombing, an estimated 20,000 Hamas supporters in Gaza took to Gaza's streets, celebrating the successful attack.[55]

Israeli

The Israeli government said the targeted killing was in response to dozens ofsuicide attacksby Hamas against Israeli civilians.[56]The IsraeliMinistry of Foreign Affairsdefended the assassination of Yassin:

Yassin was the dominant authority of theHamasleadership, which was directly involved in planning, orchestrating and launching terror attacks carried out by the organization. In this capacity, Yassin personally gave his approval for the launching ofQassam rocketsagainst Israeli cities, as well as for the numerous Hamas terrorist bombings and suicide operations. In his public appearances and interviews, Yassin called repeatedly for a continuation of the 'armed struggle' against Israel, and for an intensification of the terrorist campaign against its citizens. The successful operation against Yassin constitutes a significant blow to a central pillar of the Hamas terrorist organization, and a major setback to its terrorist infrastructure.[57]

Shaul Mofaz,the Israeli Defense Minister, branded Yassin "the PalestinianBin Laden"and said," If we have to balance how many more terrorists Yassin would have sent, how many terror attacks he would have approved, if we weigh this on the scales, we acted rightly ".[12]

Avraham Poraz,Israel's Interior Minister and member of the centrist Shinui Party, said he believed the assassination of Yassin "was a bad idea because I am afraid of a revenge coming from the Palestinian side, from the Hamas side."[58]Shimon Peres,then leader of the Labour opposition, was critical of the assassination, suggesting that it "could lead to an escalation of terror".[58]

Arab world

King Abdullah II of Jordandescribed the assassination as a "crime";[11]Lebanon's presidentEmile Lahudvehemently denounced the Israeli act as "...a crime [which] will not succeed in liquidating the Palestinian cause";[11]Emir of KuwaitSabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabahsaid: "Violence will increase now because violence always breeds violence";[11]the head of theMuslim Brotherhoodin Egypt,Mohammed Akef,described Yassin as a "martyr" and his assassination a "cowardly operation".[11]

Western world

Jack Straw,then British Foreign Secretary, said: "All of us understand Israel's need to protect itself – and it is fully entitled to do that – against the terrorism which affects it, within international law. But it is not entitled to go in for this kind of unlawful killing and we condemn it. It is unacceptable, it is unjustified and it is very unlikely to achieve its objectives."[59]The European Union's foreign policy headJavier Solanaexpressed concern that it might impede the peace process.[11]

In response to a question about the killing, U.S. PresidentGeorge W. Bushresponded:

As far as the Middle East, it's a troubled region, and the attacks were troubling. There needs to be a focused, concerted effort by all parties to fight terror. Any country has a right to defend itself from terror. Israel has the right to defend herself from terror. And as she does so, I hope she keeps consequences in mind as to how to make sure we stay on the path to peace.[60]

United States Representative to the United NationsJohn Negropontestated that the United States was "deeply troubled by this action by the Government of Israel", while asserting that the U.S. would not support anyU.N. Security Councilstatement condemning Israel's assassination of Yassin that did not include a condemnation of "Hamas terrorist attacks".[61]According to his statement to the UN Security Council,

The killing of Sheikh Yassin has escalated tensions in Gaza and the greater Middle East, and sets back our effort to resume progress towards peace. However, events must be considered in their context and as we consider the killing of Sheikh Yassin, we must keep in mind the facts. Sheikh Ahmed Yassin was the leader of a terrorist organization, one which has proudly taken credit for indiscriminate attacks against civilians, including most recently an attack last week in the Port ofAshdod,which left 10 Israelis dead. He preached hatred, and glorified suicide bombings of buses, restaurants, and cafes. Yassin was opposed to the existence of the State of Israel, and actively sought to undermine a two-state solution in the Middle East.

See also

Notes and references

Citations

  1. ^abKabahā 2014,pp. 323.
  2. ^"Sheikh Ahmad Yassin".Jewish Virtual Library.2004.Archivedfrom the original on 29 May 2022.Retrieved26 June2024.Ahmed Yassin's Palestinian passport listed his date of birth as 1 January 1929, but Palestinian sources listed his birth year as 1937 (other Western media reported it as 1938).
  3. ^Uschan, Michael V. (January 2006).Suicide Bombings in Israel and Palestinian Terrorism.Gareth Stevens Publishing LLLP. p. 16.ISBN978-0-8368-6561-5.Archivedfrom the original on 26 April 2024.Retrieved26 June2024.
  4. ^Charny, Israel W. (2007).Fighting suicide bombing: A Worldwide Campaign for Life.London, England:Bloomsbury.ISBN978-0-275-99336-8.Archivedfrom the original on 26 April 2024.Retrieved11 June2010.
  5. ^Berko, Anat (2007). "Sheikh Ahmad Yassin, Hamas founder:" The shaheed doesn't die, he lives with Allah "".The path to paradise: the inner world of suicide bombers and their dispatchers.Abc-Clio, LLC.ISBN978-0-275-99446-4.Archivedfrom the original on 26 April 2024.Retrieved26 June2024.
  6. ^Costigan, Sean S.; Gold, David (26 April 2007).Terrornomics.Farnham, Surrey, England:Ashgate Publishing.ISBN978-0-7546-4995-3.Archivedfrom the original on 26 April 2024.Retrieved11 June2010.
  7. ^Brookes, Peter (March 2007).A Devil's Triangle: Terrorism, Weapons of Mass Destruction, and Rogue States.Lanham, Maryland:Rowman & Littlefield.p. 21.ISBN978-0-7425-4953-1.Archivedfrom the original on 26 April 2024.Retrieved26 June2024.
  8. ^"Sheikh Ahmed Yassin Assassinated by Israel".islam.about.com.22 March 2004. Archived fromthe originalon 11 March 2007.Retrieved18 June2007.
  9. ^abBoffey, Daniel (26 July 2017)."EU court upholds Hamas terror listing".The Guardian.ISSN0261-3077.Archivedfrom the original on 26 July 2017.Retrieved17 December2023.
  10. ^ab"Behind the Headlines: Ahmed Yassin 22-Mar-2004".Mfa.gov.il.Archivedfrom the original on 20 December 2023.Retrieved11 June2010.
  11. ^abcdefghij"The life and death of Shaikh Yasin".Al Jazeera.24 March 2004.Archivedfrom the original on 16 August 2007.Retrieved26 June2024.
  12. ^abcdPrusher, Ilene R. (23 March 2004)."Killing of Yassin a Turning Point".The Christian Science Monitor.Archivedfrom the original on 20 January 2024.Retrieved26 June2024.
  13. ^Pappe 2017,p. 240.
  14. ^Chehab 2007,p. 15.
  15. ^abcChehab 2007,p. 16.
  16. ^Chehab 2007,p. 17.
  17. ^Caridi, Paola (2023).Hamas From Resistance to Regime.Seven Stories Press. p. 212.ISBN978-1-64421-197-7.
  18. ^Jefferis 2016,p. 50.
  19. ^Higgins, Andrew (24 January 2009)."How Israel Helped to Spawn Hamas".The Wall Street Journal.Archived fromthe originalon 7 December 2015.
  20. ^Zuhur, Sherifa (December 2008)."HAMAS and Israel: Conflicting Strategies of Group-Based Politics"(PDF).p. 23.Archived(PDF)from the original on 21 June 2023.Retrieved26 June2024.
  21. ^abcd"Sheikh Yassin: Spiritual figurehead".BBC Online.22 March 2004.Archivedfrom the original on 29 July 2023.Retrieved26 June2024.
  22. ^Lansford, Tom; Muller, Tom (2 April 2012).Political Handbook of the World 2012.SAGE. p. 1639.ISBN978-1-60871-995-2.Archivedfrom the original on 26 April 2024.Retrieved10 February2022.
  23. ^abPlaw, Avery (2008)."The Expansion of Israeli Targeting During the Second Intifada".Targeting Terrorists: A License to Kill?(Google Book Search).Ashgate Publishing. p. 76.ISBN978-0-7546-4526-9.LCCN2008005474.Archivedfrom the original on 26 April 2024.Retrieved6 April2009.
  24. ^Anne Marie Oliver; Paul F. Steinberg (27 April 2006).The Road to Martyrs' Square: A Journey into the World of the Suicide Bomber.Oxford University Press. pp. 48–.ISBN978-0-19-802756-0.Archivedfrom the original on 26 April 2024.Retrieved23 July2020.
  25. ^"Hamas founder targeted in Gaza airstrike".CNN. 6 September 2003.Archivedfrom the original on 16 October 2023.Retrieved26 June2024.
  26. ^"Hamas leader promises 'unforgettable lesson' for Israel".Australian Broadcasting Corporation.ABC. 7 September 2003. Archived fromthe originalon 5 April 2004.Retrieved18 June2007.
  27. ^ab"Sheikh Yassin denies attack role".BBC News.16 January 2004.Archivedfrom the original on 15 October 2023.Retrieved26 June2024.
  28. ^Sarhaddi Nelson, Soraya (15 January 2004)."Palestinian mother is suicide bomber in attack at border".Seattle Times.Archived fromthe originalon 14 October 2009.Retrieved11 June2010.
  29. ^* Also: Banned inJordan—Karmi, Omar."What does the Hamas victory mean for nearby Jordan?"Archived4 October 2009 at theWayback Machine,The Daily Star,18 February 2006
  30. ^Filiu (2014).Gaza: A History.Oxford University Press.p. 243.
  31. ^Bodi, Faisal (25 March 2004)."My Meeting with Sheikh Yasin".Al Jazeera.Retrieved26 June2024.
  32. ^"Chronological Review of Events Relating to the Question of Palestine".United Nations Division for Palestinian Rights. June 2003.Archivedfrom the original on 15 December 2023.Retrieved1 November2023.
  33. ^فلسطين.. ووهم أسلمة الصراع!.Al Jazeera(in Arabic). 18 December 2017.Archivedfrom the original on 26 February 2024.Retrieved1 December2023.
  34. ^Schmemann, Serge (23 October 1997)."Sheik Vows to Continue the Hamas Holy War Against Israel".New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on 1 January 2024.Retrieved1 January2024.
  35. ^Gunning, Jeroen (2009).Hamas in Politics.Columbia University Press. p. 26.
  36. ^Yassin, Ahmed(March 1995). "Interview".Filastin al-Muslimah(Interview).as quoted inPassner, Deborah (28 October 2003)."Hamas Takes" Revenge "?".Israel National News.Archivedfrom the original on 23 October 2021.Retrieved26 June2024.
  37. ^Ahmad Yassin – Why Hamas fight.YouTube.Muslim 333. 31 January 2009. Archived fromthe originalon 21 November 2012.
  38. ^abPoole, Elizabeth; Richardson, John E. (2006).Muslims and the News Media.p. 112.
  39. ^Harel, Amos; Arnon Regular (22 March 2004)."Security forces on heightened terror alert".Haaretz.Archivedfrom the original on 12 October 2017.Retrieved26 June2024.
  40. ^ab"Hamas Ceasefire Proposal: Peace or Pause?".The Washington Institute.16 March 2004.Archivedfrom the original on 16 October 2023.Retrieved22 March2021.
  41. ^Kimmerling, Baruch (2008).Clash of Identities: Explorations in Israeli and Palestinian Societies.Columbia University Press. p. 299.
  42. ^abcd"Special Report: Shaikh Ahmed Yassin's Assassination".Al Jazeera.22 March 2004. Archived fromthe originalon 9 July 2012.Retrieved24 July2012.
  43. ^"Assassination of Sheik Yasin Opened Pandora's box".Scoop.23 March 2004.Archivedfrom the original on 10 October 2023.Retrieved26 June2024.
  44. ^"Annan strongly condemns Israeli assassination of Hamas leader".UNISPAL. 22 March 2004. Archived fromthe originalon 13 February 2007.Retrieved30 May2011.
  45. ^"COMMISSION HOLDS SPECIAL SITTING ON SITUATION IN OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY FOLLOWING THE KILLING OF SHEIKH YASSIN Adopts Resolution Which Condemns Continuing Grave Violations of Human Rights in Territory, Including Tragic Assassination of Sheikh Yassin".UNISPAL. 24 March 2004. Archived fromthe originalon 27 June 2004.Retrieved29 September2011.
  46. ^"Urgent announcement by the Arab League Council on the Permanent Representatives Level".UNISPAL. 22 March 2004. Archived fromthe originalon 27 June 2004.Retrieved29 September2011.
  47. ^"Algeria and Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: draft resolution (S/2004/240)"(PDF).United Nations Security Council. 24 March 2004.Retrieved26 June2024.
  48. ^ab"S/PV.4934"(PDF).United Nations Security Council. 25 March 2004. pp. 2–3.Retrieved26 June2024.
  49. ^Hroub, Khaled (2004)."Hamas after Shayk Yasin and Rantisi"(PDF).Journal of Palestine Studies.XXXIII(4): 21–38.doi:10.1525/jps.2004.33.4.021.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 31 July 2013.Retrieved22 March2015.
  50. ^abMyre, Greg (24 March 2004)."After Sheik Is Slain, Hamas Picks Fiery Figure as Its Leader in Gaza".The New York Times.Archivedfrom the original on 26 April 2024.Retrieved23 April2010.
  51. ^Brown, Derek (19 April 2004)."Leader of Hamas for just 25 days, he fought for a free Palestine".The Guardian.Guardian News and Media Limited.Archivedfrom the original on 15 October 2023.Retrieved3 June2015.
  52. ^"Qassam Brigades marks 11th anniversary of Sheikh Yassin's assassination".Middle East Monitor.Archived fromthe originalon 20 July 2015.Retrieved3 June2015.
  53. ^"Hamas leader killed in Israeli airstrike".CNN International.Cable News Network LP, LLLP. 18 April 2004.Archivedfrom the original on 1 December 2023.Retrieved26 June2024.
  54. ^Alexander, Yonah; Hoenig, Milton M. (2008).The new Iranian leadership: Ahmadinejad, terrorism, nuclear ambition, and the Middle East.Greenwood Publishing Group.ISBN978-0-275-99639-0.
  55. ^"Palestinians celebrate deadly Israeli bus bombings".Haaretz.Retuers. 1 September 2004.Archivedfrom the original on 12 October 2017.Retrieved26 June2024.
  56. ^"Thousands mourn Hamas founder".CNN. 6 May 2004.Archivedfrom the original on 15 October 2023.Retrieved26 June2024.
  57. ^"IDF strike kills Hamas leader Ahmed Yassin".Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 22 March 2004. Archived fromthe originalon 23 February 2006.Retrieved11 June2010.
  58. ^ab"Israel defiant over Yassin killing".BBC.22 March 2004.Archivedfrom the original on 18 June 2023.Retrieved26 June2024.
  59. ^"Blair condemns Hamas chief death".BBC News.22 March 2004.Archivedfrom the original on 10 July 2023.Retrieved26 June2024.
  60. ^"President Discusses Economy and Terrorism After Cabinet Meeting".Georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov.23 March 2004.Archivedfrom the original on 23 December 2023.Retrieved26 June2024.
  61. ^"U.N. Must Condemn Hamas Terrorism as Well as Israeli Assassination".U.S. Mission to Italy.23 March 2004. Archived fromthe originalon 14 June 2011.Retrieved11 June2010.

Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related toAhmed Yassin.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Yassin&oldid=1231772230"