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Air Greenland
IATA ICAO Callsign
GL GRL GREENLAND
Founded7 November 1960;63 years ago(1960-11-07)
as Grønlandsfly
Hubs
Focus cities
Frequent-flyer programClub Timmisa
Subsidiaries
Fleet sizeFixed-wing – 9
Helicopter – 19
Destinations16
HeadquartersNuuk Airport,Nuussuaq, Greenland
Key people
RevenueIncreaseUS$194.02 million
Operating incomeIncreaseUS$12.02 million
Net incomeIncreaseUS$8.16 million
Total assetsIncreaseUS$145.87 million
Total equityIncreaseUS$103.88 million
Websiteairgreenland.com

Air GreenlandA/S(formerly named Grønlandsfly), also known asGreenlandair,is theflag carrierofGreenland,owned by theGreenlandic Government.It operates a fleet of 28 aircraft, including 2 airliners used fortransatlanticand charter flights, 8fixed-wing aircraftprimarily serving the domestic network, and 18helicoptersfeeding passengers from the smaller communities into the domesticairportnetwork. Flights toheliportsin the remote settlements are operated on contract with the government of Greenland.

Besides running scheduled services and government-contracted flights to most villages in the country, the airline also supports remoteresearch stations,provides charter services fortouristsand Greenland'senergyandmineral-resource industriesand permitsmedivacduring emergencies. Air Greenland has seven subsidiaries, anairline,hotels,tour operators,and atravel agencyspecialised in Greenlandic tourism.

History

[edit]

Founded in 1960 asGrønlandsfly(translates toGreenland aviation), the airline started its first services withCatalinaseaplanes and within the decade expanded to includeDHC-3 Ottersas well asSikorsky S-61helicopters. The majority of operations were based on helicopters until the newly established Greenland Home Rule began investing in a network ofshort takeoff and landingairfields. These were very expensive to construct and Greenland's airport fees are still among the highest in the world;[1]they also required a new fleet:DHC-7turbopropsuniquely suited to the harsh terrain and weather conditions in Greenland. The reliability of connections improved as the domestic airport network expanded in the 1990s: increasing use of the Dash 7s made the airline less restricted by inclement weather. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Air Greenland acquired aBoeing 757and anAirbus A330,allowing it to open connections toCopenhagen,until then operated bySASwhich also competed mid to late 2000s. In the 21st century, it competes withIcelandairfor international connections and small charter services domestically.

1960s

[edit]
TheSikorsky S-61Nhelicopter, acquired in 1965, was one of the earliest aircraft in Air Greenland's fleet.

The airline was established on 7 November 1960 as Grønlandsfly A/S,[2]by theScandinavian Airlines System(now SAS) andKryolitselskabet Øresund,a Danish mining company involved with thecryoliteoperations atIvittuutto provide transport and logistics for fourAmerican radar bases in Greenland.In 1962, interests in the firm were acquired by theProvincial Council(now theGreenland Home Rule Government) and theRoyal Greenland Trade Department(nowKNI).[3]

The first flights serving the American bases in Greenland operated lightweightDHC-3 OttersandSikorsky S-55helicopters chartered from Canada.[3]After a crash in 1961, Grønlandsfly usedPBY Catalinawater planes andDHC-6 Twin Otterson domestic routes. One of the Catalinas then crashed in 1962. In 1965, theDouglas DC-4became the line's first larger airplane. It was followed by Sikorsky S-61 helicopters, which have remained in use: in 2010, they still served the communities ofKujalleqmunicipalityin southern Greenland year-round and those ofDisko Bayduring the winter.[4][5]

1970s

[edit]
Air Greenland'sDHC-6 Twin Otterswere used for ambulance and charter flights, such as to the research base atSummit Camp.

During the 1970s, Grønlandsfly upgraded its DC-4 to the newerDC-6,[6]but principally focused on expanding its helicopter fleet, purchasing five more S-61s. By 1972, it opened up service to east Greenland with a helicopter based inTasiilaq,and established Greenlandair Charter. Mining atMaamorilikin theUummannaq Fjordrequired still more helicopters, and the airline purchasedBell 206sfor the route. Grønlandsfly also picked up a Danish government contract to fly reconnaissance missions regarding the sea ice around Greenland.[6]

By the end of 1979, the number of Grønlandsfly passengers served annually exceeded 60,000,[6]more than the population of Greenland. That year, the airline's first international route was also opened, running between Greenland's capital Nuuk and the town ofIqaluitin northernCanada.The route connected Greenland'sKalaallitwith Canada'sInuitand was operated in conjunction with the CanadianFirst Airline, but the planes were generally run empty and the route was shuttered 13 years later.[7]

1980s

[edit]
Air Greenland used the -102 (pictured) and -103 variants of the Dash 7. The latter of this aircraft is equipped with a front cargo section.

The establishment of theGreenland Home Rule Governmentin 1979 led to investment in a regional network of true airports, withshort take-off and landing(STOL) airfields constructed in Nuuk,Ilulissat(1984), andKulusuk.[7](These early airports were built without de-icing equipment, a situation which has proven problematic during Greenland's winters and continues to cause delays and losses for the airline.[8]) The decade also saw the company train and hire its first nativeKalaallitpilots.[7]

To service the enlarged network, Grønlandsfly began acquiringDHC-7s,[7]planes particularly suited to the often severe weather conditions in Greenland.[9]The first was delivered on 29 September 1979, followed by more over the next decade.[10]These planes remain in active service, serving every airport exceptNerlerit InaatnearIttoqqortoormiit,[5]whose operation is handled byIcelandairunder contract with Greenland Home Rule.[11]

In 1981, Grønlandsfly opened its first route toIceland,linkingReykjavík Airportto itsmain hub at KangerlussuaqviaKulusuk.In 1986, a route to Keflavík allowed the company to break SAS's monopoly on flights between Greenland and Denmark via a Keflavík-Copenhagen leg operated byIcelandair.[7]By 1989, the airline employed more than 400 Greenlanders and carried more than 100,000 passengers annually.[7]

1990s

[edit]
Air Greenland's firstjet airliner,aBoeing 757-200,landing atKangerlussuaq Airportin 2001.
The same airliner in Air Greenland livery (2005). The aircraft was namedKunuunnguaqand registered OY-GRL.

The company saw its activity curtailed as the mines at Ivittuut (1987) and Maamorilik (1990) closed operation, leading to a recession in the Greenlandic economy.

As the situation improved, the network of regional STOL airports was extended withSisimiut Airport,Maniitsoq AirportandAasiaat Airportbuilt in mid-western Greenland andQaarsut AirportandUpernavik Airportbuilt in northwestern Greenland.[12]With the purchase of a fifth Dash 7, Grønlandsfly was – for the first time since its inception – able to provide plane services toall major townsin Greenland. (Uummannaqis served by Qaarsut Airport in conjunction with its heliport.)

Grønlandsfly also purchased its first jet aircraft, aBoeing 757-200which began operation in May 1998. The airliner was namedKunuunnguaqin honour of the Greenlandic explorer and ethnologistKnud Rasmussen,whosebustdecorates in the terminal of Kangerlussuaq hub.[12]The airliner allowed the company to run the profitable Kangerlussuaq–Copenhagenroute directly, without affiliates or a layover in Iceland. Thus, in 1999, the airline served 282,000 passengers, nearly triple the number at the end of the previous decade.[12]

2000s

[edit]

Around the turn of the millennium, the airline renewed its aging fleet, retiring several of its S-61 and 206 helicopters and replacing them with Bell 212s andEurocopter AS350s.[12]The company also sacked its CEO Peter Fich, who had proven unable to balance Greenland Home Rule's demands for local Greenlander service with the board's for expanded tourism, lower fares and higher profits.[13]Under his replacement Finn Øelund, Grønlandsfly initially posted aDKK30 million loss as contractual obligations maintained unprofitable service while a strike ruined the summer tourist season andPost Greenlandmoved a lucrative mail contract to the Danish-ownedAir Alpha Greenland.[14]In response, the company successfully pushed back against Greenland Home Rule's large demands, high fees and low subsidies[14]and rebranded itself,anglicisingits name to Air Greenland and adopting a new logo and livery on 18 April 2002.[15]

In 2003, Finn Øelund left to headMaersk Airand was replaced as CEO by Flemming Knudson.[1]Air Greenland opened a route from Copenhagen toAkureyriin Iceland; the service lasted for six years before finally being deemed unprofitable and ended. Also in 2003, SAS abandoned its Greenland service, leading Air Greenland to purchase its second airliner, anAirbus A330-200 namedNorsaq.[15](SAS briefly revived the service during the peak season in 2007[16]before dropping it again in January 2009.[17]) Owing to SAS's withdrawal from the market, Air Greenland received its contract with the U.S. Air Force for passenger service to and fromThule Air Base.[18]Running from February 2004, the contract was renewed for another five-year period in 2008[19]despite SAS's brief return to the market.

The first takeover of another airline took place on 28 July 2006, when Air Greenland acquiredAir Alpha Greenland,a subsidiary of Danish carrierAir Alpha.Air Alpha Greenland had operated helicopter flights in Disko Bay and in eastern Greenland. Since the takeover, the acquiredBell 222helicopters have been used for passenger transfers between Nerlerit Inaat Airport andIttoqqortoormiit Heliport.[20][21]

In 2007, Flemming Knudson was moved to head theRoyal Greenlandfishing concern and current CEO Michael Binzer was hired with a mandate to lead the company towards greater commercialisation and self-sufficiency under theQarsoq 2012( "Arrow 2012" ) plan.[1]On 13 June, SAS announced its intention to sell its stake in Air Greenland,[22]a move later incorporated into its restructuring programme,[23][24]but as of 2012 it has not found any buyers. On 1 October, the airline introduced itse-ticketsystem.[25]Also in 2007, Air Greenland began direct service withBaltimore/Washington International Airportin the United States of America. After sixty American visitors were stranded by a strike of Air Greenland employees and the company refused to make alternate arrangements for their return,[26]ticket sales slumped and the route was closed in March 2008.[25]

In 2009, the airline carried 399,000 passengers.[27]

Bombardier Dash 8turboprops were added to the Air Greenland fleet in 2010 and are used for scheduled andcharter flights,such as the shuttle service for theInuit Circumpolar Council2010 conference in Nuuk.

2010s

[edit]

In the 2010s, Air Greenland curtailed some services. On 1 January 2010, Air Greenland suspended its participation in SAS'sEuroBonusfrequent-flyer programdue to technical difficulties.[28]In 2011, nonstop service from Narsarsuaq to Copenhagen was suspended.[29][30]

However, some expansion is planned. In order to compete withIcelandair,which operates service fromReykjavik Airportto Nuuk, Narsarsuaq,Ilulissatand the east coast of Greenland[31]and now controls about 15% the market in Greenland-bound travel,[1]Air Greenland may open a nonstop route between Nuuk andKeflavík International AirportinIceland.[32]Also, owing to improved technology andhigher commodity prices,theMaarmorilikmines were due to reopen in November 2010[33]withzincandiron orereserves projected to last 50 years.[34]As in the 1970s, the mine's supply flights to the mine will be operated by Air Greenland, usingBell helicopters(212s) based out of theUummannaq Heliport.[35]

Air Greenland's last remainingTwin Otterwas sold in 2011 toNorlandairin exchange for cash and a one-fourth interest in the Icelandic company.[citation needed]

Reopening the connection to Iqaluit, now the capital ofNunavut,was considered by Air Greenland in late 2009, but finally happened in 2012.[36]From 2012 to 2013, the airline saw a shy increase of 4 passengers flying to Nunavut over the previous year.[37]However, this service ceased in 2015.[38]

In July 2015, Air Greenland became a member of theEuropean Regions Airline Association.[39]

Prior to 2016, Air Greenland held a 50% stake in theArctic Umiaq Line,an unprofitable but government-subsidised ferry service, with the other 50% controlled byRoyal Arctic Line.In 2016 Air Greenland sold its stake in the company to Royal Arctic Line, and since July 1, 2016 the Arctic Umiaq Line has operated as a wholly owned subsidiary of Royal Arctic Line.[40]

2020s

[edit]

Similar to most airlines, Air Greenland experienced a decline in weekly flights during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the decline was less than most airlines due to Greenland's remoteness and vast distance between the communities.[41]

In June 2024, Air Greenland relaunched the seasonal direct flight between Iqaluit and Nuuk, serving the two cities once a week until October 2024.[42]The route is codeshared withCanadian Northand timed to connect passengers arriving on Canadian North flights fromKuujjuaq,Montreal and Ottawa.[43]

Destinations

[edit]
Air GreenlandAirbus A330-200on approach toKangerlussuaq Airportin 2004.
The route fromKulusuk Airportto Iceland, previously operated withDHC-7s,was handed over toAir Icelandunder government contract.[11]

Air Greenland's domestic airport network includes all 13 civilian airports within Greenland. Outside Greenland, the airline currently operates transatlantic flights toKeflavík International Airportin Iceland andCopenhagen Airportin Denmark.

Twointernational airportscapable of serving large airliners –Kangerlussuaq AirportandNarsarsuaq Airport– were constructed as U.S. Air Force military bases during the Second World War and continue to be used for transatlantic flights.[5]All other regional airports are STOL-capable and are served with Dash 7 and Dash 8 fixed-wing aircraft.

Smaller communities are served via heliports which connect with hubs located at Upernavik Airport in theUpernavik Archipelagoin northwestern Greenland; at Uummannaq Heliport in theUummannaq Fjordregion in northwestern Greenland; at Ilulissat and Aasiaat Airports in theDisko Bayregion in western Greenland; atQaqortoqandNanortalik Heliportsin southern Greenland; and atTasiilaq Heliportin southeastern Greenland.[5]Of the 45 heliports in use, 8 are primary and equipped with a tarmac, a terminal building and permanent staff. The other heliports are helistops with either a gravel or grass landing area. Often helicopters need to make more than one flight for each connection to a fixed-wing flight because of passenger capacity, causing longer total travel time.

Air Greenland also performs charter flights within Europe on behalf of European travel agencies using itsAirbus A330.[44]In 2015, Greenland's coalition governments voted to extend the runways of Nuuk and Ilulissat airports; this directly threatened the need for Air Greenland's single widebody aircraft.[45]The A330 was only used from Pituffik and Kangerlussuaq to Copenhagen Kastrup, but in January 2017, Air Greenland had announced more commercial routes to be covered by the aircraft between Iceland and Greenland.[46]In March 2017, Air Greenland also announced adding more flights to Kangerlussuaq.[47]

Interline agreements

[edit]

The agreement makes it again possible to combine a trip, in one ticket.

Air Greenland hasinterline agreementswith the following airlines:

Settlement flights

[edit]

Air Greenland operates helicopter flights to most settlements in Greenland ( "settlement flights"[51]) on contract with the government of Greenland,[52]with the destination network subsidized and coordinated by the Ministry of Housing, Infrastructure and Transport.[53]Settlement flights are not featured in the company's timetable, although they can be pre-booked.[5]

Departure times for these flights as specified during booking are by definition approximate, with the settlement service optimised on the fly depending on local demand for a given day. Settlement flights in the Disko Bay region are unique in that they are operated only during winter and spring. During summer and autumn, transport between settlements is only by sea, with services operated byDiskoline,a government-contracted ferry service based in Ilulissat.[54]

Fleet

[edit]
Norsaq, the A330-200 formerly used by Air Greenland
TheAirbus A330-200pictured (namedNorsaq) was Air Greenland's only jet aircraft from 2003 to 2022. It was used on the airline's long-haul routes. It has now been retired and replaced by an Airbus A330-800 (namedTuukkaq), delivered to the airline on 6 December 2022.
The newA330-800nicknamedTuukkaq

As of December 2022, the Air Greenland fleet includes the following active aircraft:[55]

Fixed-wing fleet

[edit]
Air Greenland'sBeechcraft Super King Air(namedAmaalik) is used for ambulance flights for the Greenlandic Government.

TheDe Havilland Canada DHC-8is the airline's primary aircraft, operating on all domestic airport-to-airport routes. In 2010, the airline acquired its first Dash 8 aircraft.[56]

The Air Greenland fixed-wing fleet consists of the following aircraft as of November 2023:[55]

Air Greenland fixed-wing fleet
Aircraft In service Orders Passengers Notes
C Y Total
Airbus A330-800 1 — 42 263 305 OY-GKN[57]
Beechcraft B200 King Air 2 — — — 8 Operating as an air ambulance plane in Greenland.
De Havilland Canada Dash 8-200 7 5 — 37 37
Total 10 5

Helicopter fleet

[edit]
An Air GreenlandEurocopter AS350on operation, departing atUunartoq(2007)
Airbus H225 nearKangerlussuaqin 2021

The Bell 212 is the primary helicopter used for flights to district villages.

The Air Greenland helicopter fleet consists of the following aircraft (as of May 2021):

Air Greenland helicopter fleet
Aircraft In service Passengers Purpose
Airbus H225[58] 2 19[note 1] SAR
Bell 212[60] 8 9 Domestic
Charter
Eurocopter AS350[58] 9 5 Domestic
Charter
Total 19
  1. ^Though capable of carrying up to 19 passengers for regular service, the H225 is ordinarily configured for search and rescue operations, capable of carrying up to 6 stretchers[59]

Historical fleet

[edit]

The older Sikorsky S-61N helicopters were stationed in Ilulissat Airport and Qaqortoq Heliport. With a capacity to seat 25 passengers,[30]the S-61 based in southern Greenland was used to shuttle passengers arriving from Copenhagen at Narsarsuaq Airport. The sale of the Boeing 757 in April 2010 contributed to the long-term decline of the airport,[32][61]with the airline planning to remove the old helicopter from the fleet.[27]

In the past, Air Greenland (Grønlandsfly) also used the following aircraft:[62]

Management and structure

[edit]
Air Greenland headquarters in Nuuk
Air Greenland headquarters inNuuk
Air Greenland hangars at Nuuk Airport in 2010
Air Greenland hangars atNuuk Airport(2010)

On 29 May 2019the Greenlandic Governmentacquired 37.5% of the shares in Air Greenland from theSAS Groupand 25% of the company shares from theDanish Government,becoming the sole owner of the airline. The total price of the 62.5% share was DKK 462 mill.[63]The government ownership is held by the Ministry of Housing, Infrastructure, and Transport, that oversees the development of the transport industry in Greenland[53]and controlsMittarfeqarfiit,the airport authority in Greenland.

The Air Greenland board of directors has a total of nine members, including three members representing airline employees. The current chairman is Mr Kjeld Zacho Jørgensen (appointed 2018) and the deputy-chairman is Ms Bodil Marie Damgaard (appointed 2016). The CEO of Air Greenland is Jakob Nitter Sørensen appointed in January 2017.[64]

Headquartered in Nuuk,[65]the airline had 668 employees in December 2009.[27]The airline's technical base is located atNuuk Airport.[66]

An Air GreenlandBell 212on approach toThule Air Base(2010)

Charter

[edit]

The charter unit within Air Greenland is led by Hans Peter Hansen and employs 8 people, with 13 helicopters and 3 fixed-wing aircraft at its disposal.[67]Excess capacity of airplanes is used for regular charters to tourist destinations in Europe, Asia, and Africa.

The helicopters, primarily the AS350, are used for special flights, such as search and rescue, air ambulance,[68]charter flights to theThule Air Baseon contract with theU.S. Air Force,geological exploration, and supply flights to the mining sites and the research stations on theGreenland ice sheet.[27][67]During the peak summer season, the helicopter crew is supplemented byfreelancepilots fromNorwayandSweden.[67]

Other charter flights includeheliskiingshuttles, services for the energy industry such as facilitatingoil explorationor surveying for hydroelectric stations and environmental research countingpolar bearsand tracking other large Arctic fauna.[67]

Subsidiary companies

[edit]

[69]

Tourism

[edit]
  • Hotel Arctic A/S,a hotel and travel agency based in Ilulissat, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Air Greenland.
  • Greenland TravelA/S, a package-tourtravel agencybased in Copenhagen, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Air Greenland.[27][70]
    • World of GreenlandA/S, an outfitter company based in Ilulissat, is a partnership between Greenland Travel A/S and Ilulissat Travel A/S.

Aviation

[edit]
  • Norlandairehf. is an Icelandic airline. Air Greenland owns 25% of the Icelandic airline company.

Service

[edit]
Business Class seats on the airline's former A330-200

Business class

[edit]

A flexible business class – named "Business-Class "– is offered by Air Greenland on transatlantic flights aboardTuukkaq,its Airbus A330-800.[71]The service includes a personal video screen, an in-seat power source, an amenity kit, blankets and a selection of newspapers.[71][72]Passengers travelling in business class are eligible to use the Novia Business Class Lounge at Copenhagen Airport.[71]

Economy class

[edit]

Air Greenland offers flexible and restricted economy class on all flights operated with fixed-wing aircraft, with complimentary snacks and drinks.[51]On transatlantic flights to Copenhagen, both economy class and business class seats are available, within-flight mealsserved in all classes. Air Greenland publishes a quarterlySuluk(Kalaallisut:"Wing" ) in-flight magazine,[73]with general information about current political and cultural events in Greenland and with news from the airline.

Accidents and incidents

[edit]
OY-HAI, the S-61N atNuukHeliport photographed only months before its fatal crash
  • On 29 August 1961, a DHC-3 Otter (registration CF-MEX) crashed 20 kilometers (12 mi) from Kangerlussuaq. The aircraft was a non-scheduled service en route from Kangerlussuaq Airport to Aasiaat Airport when a fuel leak caused an in-flight fire. One of the pilots was killed, while the other pilot and the four passengers survived.[74]
  • On12 May 1962,aPBY Catalinaflying boat(registration CF-IHA) crashed during landing at Nuuk Airport. The accident was caused by a mechanical malfunction in the nose wheel doors preventing them from closing during landing on water, resulting in the aircraft sinking. The accident killed 15 of the 21 people on board.[75]
  • On 25 October 1973, theAkigssek( "Grouse" ), an Air GreenlandS-61N(registration OY-HAI), crashed about 40 kilometers (25 mi) south ofNuuk,resulting in the loss of 15 lives. It was en route toPaamiutfromNuuk.The same helicopter had had an emergency landing on theKangerlussuaqfjord 2 years earlier, due to a double flameout on both engines because of ice in its intake.[76]
  • On 7 June 2008, aEurocopter AS350crashed on the runway at Nuuk Airport.[77]There were no injuries, but the helicopter was damaged beyond repair.[77][78]
  • On 29 January 2014, Air Greenland Flight 3205, an Air Greenland Dash 8-Q202 (registration OY-GRI), was involved in a runway excursion accident at Ilulissat Airport (BGJN), Greenland.[79]Flight GL3205 originated in Kangerlussuaq Airport (BGSF), Greenland. Four passengers were taken to the hospital for observation, there were no fatalities or serious injuries. The aircraft went off the left side of the runway and down a 10–15-metre (33–49 ft) dropoff and came to rest on rocky terrain approximately abeam the runway 25 threshold. There was strong crosswind conditions gusting at 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph). The aircraft was not repaired.[79]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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