Akan Drum
| Akan Drum | |
|---|---|
 On display in theBritish Museum | |
| Material | Wood, skin and fibre |
| Created | 1730-1745 |
| Place | Ghana region,[1]West Africa |
| Present location | Room 26 in the British Museum |
TheAkan Drumis adrumthat was made in West Africa and was later found in theColony of Virginiain North America. It is now one of the oldest African-American objects in theBritish Museumand possibly one of the oldest surviving anywhere.[2]The drum is a reminder of all three continents' involvement in the estimated twelve million people transportedacross the Atlantic Oceanas part of thetransatlantic slave trade.[1]The drum is normally displayed in Room 26, the North American gallery, in the British Museum.[2][3]
Description
[edit]The drum is made from two species of wood that are native tosub-Saharan Africa,BaphiaandCordia africana.The latter fine-grainedhardwoodis known for its ability to be carved and its resonance, which makes it suited to musical instruments.[4]Thedrumskincame from a deer hide and was stretched over the wooden structure using vegetable fibre.
Provenance
[edit]The drum was made in theGhana regionof West Africa between 1700 and 1745, and is presumed to have travelled to America on board aslave ship.As enslaved people had either been prisoners of war or kidnapped from their homes,[5]they wouldn't have been able to carry any personal possessions. So it is presumed that the drum was either brought by a member of the crew or possibly by a son of the African chief who had sold the enslaved people for transportation.[6]To exercise their human property, the slave traders would "dance the slaves". It is supposed that this was why the drum was transported.[7]The wordAkanrefers to the culture in what is todayGhanaand includes theFante,AsanteandAkuapempeople.[2]
This particular drum was obtained in Virginia by the Rev. Clerk on behalf of theAnglo-Irishscientist SirHans Sloane.Sloane had travelled throughJamaicaand had observed at first hand enslaved people playing instruments including those that were to evolve into thebanjo.Sloane gathered examples of the tools of slavery and other artifacts which included this drum. Clerk and Sloane thought erroneously that this drum was made byNative Americans.[8]Sloane's collection is a founding collection of the British Museum, his collection was purchased by the British government in 1753. The drum is still displayed at the British Museum as part of the "Sloane collection". Sloane's catalogue records this item as "drum made of a hollowed tree carved the top being brac'd wt. peggs & thongs wt. the bottom hollow from Virginia".
In 1906, curators at the British Museum realised that the drum could not have been created by Native Americans, but must have been made in Africa. In the 1970s, it became possible to use expertise fromKew Gardensto determine that the wood was grown in Africa. The drum is thought to have originally been made for a musician in an African chief's orchestra.[6]
Importance
[edit]
This is the oldest African-American object in the British Museum and was part of its founding collection. This drum was chosen to be featured inA History of the World in 100 Objects,a series of radio programmes that started in 2010 as a collaboration between theBBCand the British Museum.[8]
The drum has also been used as the lead object in a special display at the British Museum in 2010 called "From Africa to America: drumming, slavery, music".[10]The exhibition looked at how this drum was used in the "dance of the slaves", but also as an example of the collision of cultures that was created by the slave trade that eventually led tojazzandrock and roll.[2]The slave owners were unsure of how they should treat African music. On some plantations drums were banned.[8]
In September 2020, the Akan Drum was selected to be an amazing featured in the British Museum's "Objects of Crisis" series onYouTubeby former deputy chair of the Museum trusteesBonnie Greer.[11]The series, hosted byHartwig Fischer,intended to highlight objects in the British Museum collection that show how people of the past have faced major challenges.[12]
References
[edit]- ^ab"Akan Drum".A History of the World in 100 Objects.BBC.Archivedfrom the original on 2 October 2010.Retrieved26 September2010.
- ^abcd"Ancient African drum on display at British Museum".Mpelembe Network.Retrieved26 September2010.
- ^British Museum,The drummer is calling medisplay.
- ^Cunningham, A.B.; et al. (2005).Carving out a future: forests, livelihoods and the international woodcarving... p201.p. 293.ISBN9781844070459.
- ^"Ghana and the Slave Trade".Tracing Center.Archivedfrom the original on 18 August 2012.Retrieved9 June2021.
- ^abMacGregor, Neil."Akan Drum".A History of the World in 100 Objects.BBC.Retrieved4 October2010.
- ^"Akan Drum".British Museum.Archivedfrom the original on 10 October 2010.Retrieved26 September2010.
- ^abcAkan Drum,A History of the World in 100 Objects, BBC. accessed 26 September 2010
- ^"Chief of Abertifi's orchestra,Friedrich August Louis Ramseyer, 1888-95, taken in Abetifi,Kwahu East District,accessed 27 September 2010
- ^From Africa to America: drumming, slavery, music,British Museum, accessed September 2010
- ^Bonnie Greer: what we have saved from the fire,British Museum blog, accessed 7 September 2020
- ^Objects of Crisis: The Akan drum,YouTube, accessed 7 September 2020
