Akan names
TheAkan peopleofGhana,Côte d'IvoireandTogofrequently name their children after the day of the week they were born and the order in which they were born. These "day names" have further meanings concerning the soul and character of the person. Middle names have considerably more variety and can refer to their birth order, twin status, or an ancestor's middle name.
This naming tradition is shared throughoutWest Africaand theAfrican diaspora.During the 18th–19th centuries, enslaved people in the Caribbean from the region that is modern-day Ghana were referred to asCoromantees.Many of the leaders of enslaved people's rebellions had "day names" includingCuffy,Cuffeeor Kofi,Cudjoeor Kojo,Quaoor Quaw, andQuaminaor Kwame/Kwamina.
MostGhanaianshave at least one name from this system, even if they also have an English or Christian name. Notable figures with day names include Ghana's first presidentKwame Nkrumahand formerUnited NationsSecretary-GeneralKofi Annan.
In the official orthography of theTwilanguage, theAshantiversions of these names as spoken inKumasiare as follows. The diacritics on á a̍ à represent high, mid, and low tone (tone does not need to be marked on every vowel), while the diacritic on a̩ is used for vowel harmony and can be ignored. (Diacritics are frequently dropped in any case.) Variants of the names are used in other languages, or may represent differenttransliterationschemes. The variants mostly consist of differentaffixes(in Ashanti,kwa-orko-for men anda-plus-aor-wafor women). For example, among theFante,the prefixes arekwe-,kwaorkofor men ande-,arespectively. Akand̩woorjo(Fante) is pronounced something like EnglishJoe,but there do appear to be two sets of names for those born on Monday.
Day names
[edit]Day born | Fante | Variants | Root | Assoc.[1] | Jamaican/Fantenames[2] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male name | Female name | Ndyuka | |||||
Sunday (Kwesida) |
Kwesi | Akosua,[3]Esi | Kwasi,[3]Siisi, Akwasi, Kosi; Akasi, Akosi, Akosiwa, Kwasiba, Awusi, Asi,[3]Ese[3] |
Kwasi, Kwasiba | Asi | Universe | Quashie, Quasheba |
Monday (Jowda) |
Kojo[3] | Adwoa[3] | Kodjó, Kojo, Kwadwo,[3]Jojo,Cudjoe; Adjua, Ajwoba, Adwoba, Adjoa, Adjo, N'adjo, M'adjo, Adjowa, Ajao[3] |
Kodyo, Adyuba | Dwo | Peace | Cudjoe,Quajo, Adjoa, Ajuba, Juba |
Tuesday (Benada) |
Kwabena,[3]Ebo | Abena[3] | Komlá, Komlã, Komlan, Kabenla, Kobby, Ebo, Kobi, Kobina;[3] Ablá, Ablã, Abenaa, Araba,[3]Abrema |
Abeni | Bene | Ocean | Quabena, Abena, Bena |
Wednesday (Wukuda) |
Kweku,Yooku | Akua[3] | Kukuuwa, Kwaku[3] | Koku, Kokou, Kwaku, Abeiku, Kaku, Kuuku, Kwaku; Akuba, Akú, Ekua, Akuba |
Wukuo | Spider | Quaco, Aqua, Acooba, Cooba |
Thursday (Yahwada) |
Yaw | Yaa[3] | Yao,[3]Yawo, Yawu, Yawa, Ayawa, Kwaw, Ekow,[3]Kow; Yaa,[3]Yaaba, Yaba, Aaba, Abina |
Yaw, Yaba | Ya | Earth | Quaw,Quao,Aba, Yaaba |
Friday (Fida) |
Kofi[3] | Afua[3] | Fiifi, Yoofi; Afí, Afiba,Afia,[3]Efua,[3]Efe |
Kofi, Afiba | Afi | Fertility | Cuffy,Cuffee,Afiba, Fiba |
Saturday (Memeneda) |
Kwame[3] | Amba,Ama[3] | Kwami, Kuw-ame, Kw-ame, Kwamena,[3]Kw-amina, Komi; Ame, Ami, Amba, Ameyo |
Kwami, Amba | Amene | God | Quame, Quamina, Ama |
Naming for twins
[edit]There are also special names for elder and younger twins.
The word Panyin means older/elder. Kakra is short for Kakraba which means little/younger one. The definition/description below for the meaning of younger and an elder are backwards or vice versa.
Twin | Male name | Female name | Variants |
---|---|---|---|
Twin | Atá | Ataá | Atta |
First born ( "younger"[4]twin) | Ata Panyin | Ataá Panyin | Panyin |
Second born ( "elder" twin) | Ata kakra | Kakra, Kakraba | |
Born after twins | Tawia. | ||
Born afterTawia | Gaddo | Nyankómàgó |
Birth-order names
[edit]There are also names based on the order of birth, the order born after twins, and the order born after remarriage.
Order | Male name | Female name |
---|---|---|
First born | Píèsíe | |
Second born | Mǎnu | Máanu |
Third born | Meńsã́ | Mánsã |
Fourth born | Anan, Anané | |
Fifth born | Núm, Anúm | |
Sixth born | Esĩã́ | |
Seventh born | Esuón | Nsṍwaa |
Eighth born | Bótwe | |
Ninth born | Ákron, Nkróma | Nkróma Nkrũmãh |
Tenth born | Badú | Badúwaa |
Eleventh born | Dúkũ | |
Twelfth born | Dúnu | |
Thirteenth born | Adusa | |
Fourteenth born | Agyeman | |
Last born | Kaakyire |
Special delivery
[edit]Children are also given names when delivered under special circumstances.
Circumstance | Male/Female name | Translation |
---|---|---|
on the field | Efum | "The field" |
on the road | Ɔkwán | "The road" |
in war | Bekṍe, Bedíàkṍ | "war time" |
happy circumstances | Afriyie/Afiríyie | "good year" |
one who loves | Adofo | "the special one from God, warrior" |
great one | Agyenim | "the great one from God" |
after long childlessness | Nyamékyε | "gift from God" |
premature or sickly | Nyaméama | "what God has given (no man can take away)" |
forceful | Kumi | "forcefulness" |
after death of father | Antó | "it didn't meet him" |
father refuses responsibility |
Obím̀pέ | "nobody wants" |
Yεmpέw | "we don't want you" |
Family names
[edit]Ashanti peoplegiven-names are concluded with afamily name(surname) preceded by agiven name.[5][6]The family name (surname) are always given after close relatives and sometimes friends.[5][6]Since Ashanti names are always given by the men, if a couple receives a son as their first born-baby then the son is named after the father of the husband and if the baby is a girl then she will be named after the mother of the husband.[5][6]As a result, if the man is calledOsei Kofiand his wife gives birth to a girl as their first born, the girl may be calledYaa Dufieeven if she was not born on Friday.[5][6]The reason is that the mother of the husband (Osei Kofi) is calledYaa Dufie.[5][6]The Ashanti people usually give these names so that the names of close relatives be maintained in the families to show the love for their families.[5][6]
In the olden days ofAshantiit was a disgrace if an Ashanti man was not able to name any child after his father and/or mother because that was the pride of every Ashanti household.[5][6]Most of the ethnic-Ashanti family name (surname) given to boys could also be given to girls just by adding the letters "aa".[5][6]Some Ashanti family names (surnames) can be given to both boys and girls without changing or adding anything.[5][6]However, there are other ethnic-Ashanti family name (surnames) that are exclusively male names, while others are exclusively female names.[5][6]
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References
[edit]- ^Bartle, Philip F. W. (January 1978)."Forty Days: The Akan Calendar".Africa: Journal of the International African Institute.48(1). Edinburgh University Press: 80–84.doi:10.2307/1158712.JSTOR1158712.S2CID143751434.
- ^Neita, Lance,"So what's in a name?",Jamaica Observer,29 August 2014.
- ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyPhilip Briggs (2001).Ghana: The Bradt Travel Guide(2nd ed.). Bradt. p. 13.ISBN1-84162-030-0.
- ^For the Akan, the first-born twin is considered the younger, as the elder is thought to have stayed behind to help the younger out.
- ^abcdefghijklmn"List of Ashanti (Twi, Asante) Names".afropedea.org.Archived fromthe originalon 2017-10-24.Retrieved2016-03-02.
- ^abcdefghijklmn"The Sociolinguistic of Ashanti Personal Names"(PDF).njas.helsinki.fi(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2021-02-20.Retrieved2016-03-02.
- ^abcd"The Ashanti and their names".asanteman.freeservers.com.Archived fromthe originalon 14 March 2014.
Additional references
[edit]- J. E. Redden and N. Owusu (1963, 1995).Twi Basic Course.Foreign Service Institute (Hippocrene reprint).[1]ISBN0-7818-0394-2
- Florence Abena Dolphyne (1996).A Comprehensive Course in Twi (Asante) for the Non-Twi Learner.Accra: Ghana Universities Press.ISBN9964302452
- Akan Teleteaching course
- Aukan Library(Ndyuka)
See also
[edit]- ^"Sacramento Kings | The Official Site of the Sacramento Kings".Sacramento Kings.Retrieved2019-06-15.