Mansoura, Egypt
Mansoura
المنصورة | |
|---|---|
     From top left: Mansoura Nile river, Mansoura Art, Mansoura buildings, Mansoura sunset, Mansoura bridge, | |
| Nickname: Nile's Bride | |
 The Nile Delta | |
  Mansoura Location in Egypt | |
| Coordinates:31°2′25″N31°22′58″E/ 31.04028°N 31.38278°E | |
| Country | Egypt |
| Governorate | Dakahlia |
| Founded | 1219 |
| Government | |
| • Governor | Ayman AbdelMenem Mohtar Hasnan |
| Area | |
| • Total | 28.2 km2(10.9 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 15 m (49 ft) |
| Population (2021)[1] | |
| • Total | 621,953 |
| • Density | 22,000/km2(57,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2(EET) |
| Area code | +(20) 50 |
| Website | www |
Mansoura[2](Arabic:المنصورة;Al Manṣūra,IPA:[el.mɑnˈsˤuːɾɑ],rural:[el.mænˈsˤuːɾe]) is a city inEgyptlocated on the eastern bank of the Damietta branch of theNileriver. The city is the capital of theDakahlia Governorateand has a population of 621,953 as of 2021.[3]
Etymology
[edit]Mansourain Arabic means "victorious". The city is named after theEl Mansoura Battle(1250) againstLouis IX of Franceduring theSeventh Crusade.
History
[edit]Mansoura was established in 1219 byal-Kamilof theAyyubiddynasty upon aPhatmeticbranch ofthe Nileon a place of several older villages like Al-Bishtamir (Arabic:البشطمير) and Kafr al-Badamas (Arabic:كفر البدماص,fromAncient Greek:ποταμός,"river, canal" ).[4][5]After the Egyptians defeated theCrusadersduring theSeventh Crusade,it was namedMansoura(aka. "The Victorious" ).
In theSeventh Crusade,theCapetianswere defeated and put to flight; between fifteen and thirty thousand of their men fell on the battlefield.Louis IX of Francewas captured in the mainBattle of Fariskur,and confined in the house of Ibrahim Ibn Lokman, secretary of the sultan, and under the guard of the eunuch Sobih. The king's brother was imprisoned in the same house. The sultan provided for their sustenance. The house of Ibrahim Ibn Lokman is now the only museum in Mansoura. It is open to the public and houses articles that used to belong to the French monarch, including his personal thirteenth centurytoilet.[6]
TheMansoura Air Battle[7][8]on October 14, 1973, occurred during theYom Kippur War.Israeli Air Forcefighters attacking Egyptian air bases were intercepted by theEgyptian Air Force.On that day, 160 jet fighters, most belonging to Israel, battled for 53 minutes over Mansoura. The Egyptian army claimed that despite the numerical and qualitative superiority of the Israeli warplanes, 17 Israeli planes were downed. (2 according to the Israelis), while the rest retreated.[9][10][11]Egypt announced the loss of six planes, only three of which fell to Israeli fire. The Egyptian government subsequently changed the country's "Air Force Day" from November 2 to October 14, to commemorate the Mansoura Air Battle.[8]
Geography
[edit]Location
[edit]Mansoura lies on the east bank of theDamiettabranch of theNile,in theDeltaregion. Mansoura is about 120 km northeast ofCairo.Across from the city, on the opposite bank of the Nile, is the town ofTalkha.
Climate
[edit]Köppen-Geiger climate classification systemclassifies its climate ashot desert(BWh).
| Climate data for Mansoura | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.0 (66.2) |
19.8 (67.6) |
22.4 (72.3) |
26.3 (79.3) |
32.1 (89.8) |
33.0 (91.4) |
32.6 (90.7) |
33.3 (91.9) |
32.0 (89.6) |
28.6 (83.5) |
25.0 (77.0) |
20.7 (69.3) |
27.1 (80.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.9 (55.2) |
13.5 (56.3) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.0 (66.2) |
23.6 (74.5) |
25.7 (78.3) |
26.6 (79.9) |
26.8 (80.2) |
25.3 (77.5) |
22.8 (73.0) |
19.4 (66.9) |
14.9 (58.8) |
20.5 (68.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 6.8 (44.2) |
7.3 (45.1) |
9.2 (48.6) |
11.8 (53.2) |
15.2 (59.4) |
18.4 (65.1) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.4 (68.7) |
18.7 (65.7) |
17.0 (62.6) |
13.9 (57.0) |
9.1 (48.4) |
14.0 (57.3) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 13 (0.5) |
9 (0.4) |
6 (0.2) |
3 (0.1) |
3 (0.1) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
4 (0.2) |
7 (0.3) |
11 (0.4) |
56 (2.2) |
| Source:Climate-Data.org[12] | |||||||||||||
Culture
[edit]
TheEgyptian Arabicdialect spoken by Mansoura's population is a northern Egyptian Arabic dialect, with noticeable influences from the city's surrounding rural villages, each of which has contributed to the city's population over the years. There are some similarities toAlexandrianEgyptian Arabicin some aspects of pronunciation.
Mansoura National Museum used to be Dar Ibn Lockman, the house whereLouis IXwas imprisoned in 1250 during theSeventh Crusade.Displayed in the museum are the suits of mail and swords of the crusaders, as well as a collection of maps. Huge paintings depict the Battle of Mansoura.
The Mansoura branch of the National Library was inaugurated in 2008 as the Mansoura Misr Library.[13]
Mansoura is famous for its architectural style, especially the Shinnawi Palace (after Mohamed Bek El-Shinnawi, a member of theWafd Party). It was built by anItalianarchitect in 1928. The mosque of El-Saleh Ayoub El-Kebir is one of the most important in Mansoura. It was built by a loyal servant of the Sultan and is located in Al-Sagha Street that separates "Old Mansoura" from the modern city.[14]
LikeCairo,AlexandriaandPort Said,Mansoura was home to a flourishingGreekcommunity until theNasserera, when many wereforced to leave.Many of the older and best established shops and businesses around the city still bear their originalGreeknames. Mansoura also had a small Italian population living in the city too. The first Old English school in the city was established on the site of the oldGreekschool in the Toriel area, one of the traditionally relatively affluent residential districts of the city.
Education
[edit]
TheUniversity of Mansourawas founded in 1962, initially as a branch ofCairo University.[15]TheUrologyandNephrologycenter ofMansoura Universityfounded by ProfMohammed Ghonemis considered to be the best kidney center in the Middle East and Africa.[14]
Mansoura has a sportsstadium(Mansoura Stadium) which is home to itsfootballteam. [16]
Clubs (Sport)
[edit]- Gezert Elward Sport Club: It is located directly on the Nile and has tennis courts, swimming, gymnastics, squash and social club. Recently, the gymnastics team participated under the seven-year club in the Republic Championship and received 2 gold medals 13 silver and 1 bronze and 1 participation.
- Mansoura Sports Club: It has an official football field.
- Mansoura Sports Stadium: It has an official football field, swimming pool, social club and many sports facilities.
- The Olympic Village (Mansoura University Stadium):It covers an area of 15 acres and is open to university students, faculty members and those wishing to play abroad in individual and group games.
- Nile Club:The club was established by decision of the University Council in its session held on 12/27/1993, provided that it has financial, administrative and technical resignation, and it is located in Rose Island in the lower walkway in Mansoura. The club is a cultural, social, sports and recreational center for faculty members, their assistants, and university staff.
Notable people
[edit]- Adel Emam,Egyptian actor
- Hassan El-Imam,Egyptian film director, titled Box-office King
- Mohamed Ghoneim,urologist
- Anis Mansour;Egyptian writer
- Gad al-Haq Ali Gad al-Haq,Grand Imam of Al-Azharfrom 1982 to 1996; public figure and Islamic scholar
- Ibrahim Salah;footballer
- Muhammad Metwali Alsharawi,public figure and Islamic scholar
- Pope Tawadros II, Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Apostolic See of Saint Mark the Evangelist of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
- Umm Kulthum,singer; titleKawkab al-Sharq
- Farouk El-Baz,space scientist.
- Ahmed Hamdi,engineer
- Hesham Sallam,paleontologist
- Kareem Abu-Elmagd,organ transplant surgeon[17]
- Ahmed Hamed,Olympic pentathlete
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ab"Egypt: Governorates, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information".citypopulation.de.Retrieved17 June2023.
- ^"El Mansoura Hostels - Lonely Planet".Archived fromthe originalon 2016-08-08.Retrieved2016-06-07.
- ^"citypopulation".www.citypopulation.de.Retrieved2017-10-03.
- ^Ramzi, Muhammad (1945).Geographical dictionary of the Egyptian places from the ancient Egyptians dynasty to 1945.
- ^Timm, Stefan (2007).Das christlich-koptische Agypten in arabischer Zeit.p. 366.
- ^"Al-Makrisi: Account of the Crusade of St. Louis".Retrieved6 February2018.
- ^Photos of the battleArchived2014-12-20 at theWayback Machine
- ^ab"Mansourah air battle, Near true story".Retrieved6 February2018.
- ^Al-Ahram weeklyArchived2009-05-19 at theWayback Machine
- ^Al-Ahrm weeklyArchived2009-09-13 at theWayback Machine
- ^(in Hebrew)CalcalistArchived2020-10-06 at theWayback Machine
- ^"Climate: Mansoura - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table".Climate-Data.org.Retrieved13 August2013.
- ^Mansura public libraryArchived2008-10-17 at theWayback Machine
- ^abMansouraArchived2008-05-20 at theWayback Machine
- ^"Mansourah University official website".Archived fromthe originalon 2008-09-24.Retrieved2008-10-31.
- ^"World Stadiums - El-Mansora Stadium in El-Mansora".www.worldstadiums.com.Archived fromthe originalon 1 February 2011.Retrieved6 February2018.
- ^"Kareem Mohamed Abu-Elmagd",Wikipedia,2022-09-25,retrieved2022-10-01
External links
[edit]- .Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 17 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 602.
- (in Arabic)Official website
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