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Al Jourgensen

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Al Jourgensen
Jourgensen performing with Ministry in West Palm Beach, Florida in 2023.
Jourgensen performing with Ministry in West Palm Beach, Florida in 2023.
Background information
Birth nameAlejandro Ramírez Casas
Also known asThe Alien, Alien Jourgensen, Alain Jourgensen, Hypo Luxa, Dog, Alien Dog Star, Buck Satan, Buck Santa, Uncle Al, Enchanted Al, Al F***-ing Jourgensen
Born(1958-10-09)October 9, 1958(age 65)
Havana,Cuba
Genres
Occupation(s)
  • Musician
  • singer
  • songwriter
  • record producer
Instrument(s)
  • Vocals
  • guitar
  • keyboards
  • bass
  • drums
Years active1978–present
Member of
Formerly of
Websiteministryband.com

Alain David Jourgensen[6][a](bornAlejandro Ramírez Casas;[11]October 9, 1958) is a Cuban-American singer, musician and music producer. Closely related with the independent record labelWax Trax! Records,his musical career spans four decades. He is the frontman and lyricist of theindustrial metalbandMinistry,which he founded in 1981 and of which he remains the only constant member. He was the primary musician of several Ministry-related projects, such asRevolting Cocks,Lard,andBuck Satan and the 666 Shooters.Jourgensen is a prominent figure inindustrial music,[sources 1]influencing numerous other groups and musicians, both in alternative and industrial-associated acts.

Born inHavanashortly before theCuban Revolutionof 1959, at the age of three Jourgensen moved to the United States with his family, and was raised mainly inChicagoandBreckenridge, Colorado.He developed an interest in music at a young age, and was involved in several short-lived bands, as well as briefly performing in the backing band of drag performerDivine.

Jourgensen formed Ministry in 1981 in Chicago and received significant attention from music press regarding the band's 1983 debut studio album,With Sympathy.His subsequent releases in the 1980s, most prominently Ministry'sThe Land of Rape and Honey(1988) andThe Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Taste(1989), showcased his stylistic transition; in the early 1990s, he achieved mainstream success with Ministry's fifth studio album,Psalm 69: The Way to Succeed and the Way to Suck Eggs(1992). The next few years were marked by publicity surrounding Jourgensen's substance abuse which negatively affected his creative output and resulted in a period of severe depression; during this time, Jourgensen and Ministry appeared in the 2001Steven SpielbergfilmA.I. Artificial Intelligence.

In 2005, Jourgensen established his own record label,13th Planet Records,through which several Ministry records, among others, were released until the early 2010s. Currently Jourgensen and Ministry are signed toNuclear BlastRecords.

Early life

[edit]

Alejandro Ramírez Casas[11]was born inHavana,Cuba,[17]on October 9, 1958,[17]the son of Margarita "Maggie" Brouwer (born c. 1942[18]) and the grandson of Julio Brouwer, a biologist.[11]Jourgensen's extended family has Dutch and Spanish heritage.[12]In 1961, following the fall ofFulgencio Batista's regime and rise ofFidel Castroto power, his family relocated to the US.[19]In 1964, Brouwer married Ed Jourgensen, astock car driverand mechanic forFormula OnedriverDan Gurney.She adopted his surname for herself and her son.[12]

Jourgensen was raised inChicago, Illinois,andBreckenridge, Colorado,attending Greeley High School and Summit County High School inFrisco, Colorado,in 1976.[20]He was a fan of a wide range of artists includingthe Beatles,Pink Floyd,Hawkwind,Led Zeppelin,Hank WilliamsandGeorge Jones.After seeing theRamoneson stage in Denver, Jourgensen decided to be a punk musician.[12]: 2 

Jourgensen eventually attended theUniversity of Illinois Chicago,after briefly enrolling at both theUniversity of Northern Coloradoand theUniversity of Colorado.

Professional life

[edit]

Ministry

[edit]
Further information:Ministry (band)
Jourgensen with Ministry atHellfest2017

Jourgensen formed Ministry in 1981 after leavingSpecial Affect,anew wave/synth-popband (notably includingFrankie Nardiello,founding member (asGroovie Mann) ofMy Life With The Thrill Kill Kultand drummerHarry RushakoffofConcrete Blonde). Early singles by Ministry and Jourgensen's other projects were released onWax Trax! Records.He also producedSkinny Puppy'sRabiesalbum. During that time, Jourgensen befriendedNivek Ogre,who later toured with Ministry.[21]

The band broke into the mainstream with 1992'sPsalm 69: The Way to Succeed and the Way to Suck Eggsalbum. Its opening track, "N.W.O.",was nominated for a 1993Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance,losing toNine Inch Nails' "Wish".However, its next album,Filth Pig(1996), divided their fan base, leading to a commercial decline that became evident whenWarner Bros. Recordsdropped them from the label in 2001.

Ministry's next albums,Rio Grande Blood(2006) andThe Last Sucker(2007), as well as the 2006Revolting CocksalbumCocked and Loaded,were released on Jourgensen's new record label,13th Planet Records,which he formed after falling out with the mainstream agendas of major industry labels.[22]

At the specific request of directorStanley Kubrick,Jourgensen appeared with Ministry in the filmA.I.: Artificial Intelligence.He related his conversation with Kubrick in an interview:

Well, first of all, I hung up on him. I thought it was a crank call. His secretary was calling and I was like, 'Yeah, right.' Click. And then he called back personally and then talked to me, and I was just freaked out. I mean, who wouldn't be freaked out? Here's this eccentric American God living in the countryside of England, and he's calling me up in Austin, Texas, and saying he wants me to do the music for his film and he wants me to be in his film and he's famous and all that. I didn't even believe it.[23]

Ministry continued its involvement with the film project after Kubrick's death, and Jourgensen revealed that after initial tension withSteven Spielberg,partly due to Jourgensen's prank when he claimed being told that "A.I." stood for "Anal Intruder" and threatening to walk off production because it was not a porn film,[citation needed]he and Spielberg enjoyed a friendly relationship,[24]with two compositions appearing on the soundtrack: "What About Us" and "Dead Practice".[25]

A number of his songs also appear in other films, such asWicked Lake(2008)—produced byFever Dreamsand ZP Studios—for which he composed the entire soundtrack that was released on his own 13th Planet record label—he also makes a small appearance in the film as an art school teacher.[26][27]

In a November 2008 issue ofHustler Magazine,Jourgensen announced that Ministry was officially finished, as the band "[took] up so much time" and releasing new albums was difficult. He also explained that he was responsible for six other bands and could complete seven albums within a year when he was not working on new Ministry material.[28]However, despite Jourgensen's insistence that Ministry would never return, a reunion was announced on August 7, 2011. A new album, entitledRelapse,was released on March 26, 2012.[29]

At his 57th birthday listening party in Chicago he announced a new project called, SMM or Surgical Meth Machine. In an interview with In The Loop Magazine, Jourgensen stated, "I can't wait to get this record out. If you're a fan of Ministry, you're gonna freak out on this. It's got the whole range of my career as a musician in it even sound of earlier stuff from the beginning."[30]

In 2016 March, Jourgensen noted he had a project withArabian Prince;[31]this collaboration was later confirmed fora new Ministry album.[32][33]

In February 2024, Jourgensen announced that he would like to make one last Ministry album. That pending swan song will also find the outfit reuniting withPaul Barker,who served as their producer/bassist/keyboardist/programmer, etc. throughout Ministry‘s commercial peak from 1986 through to 2003.[34]

Revolting Cocks

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Revolting Cocks,also known as RevCo, is an American industrial rock band that began as a musical side project forRichard 23ofFront 242,Luc van Acker,and Jourgensen. The band took their name after being involved in a fight in a Chicago bar in 1983: Jourgensen, Richard 23 and Van Acker, celebrating the formation of their new band with a few drinks, ended the evening in a brawl, with bar stools thrown through the windows. As he ejected the trio, the owner—a man who Jourgensen recalls was named Dess[35]—shouted, "I'm calling the police! You guys are a bunch of revolting cocks!"[35]The trio decided to use the name for their band.

The band have changed lineups several times. RevCo currently features Jourgensen (guitars, keyboards, programming, background vocals, producer), Josh Bradford (vocals, background vocals), Sin Quirin (guitars, bass, keyboards) and Clayton Worbeck (keyboards, programming, mixing, bass). Their seventh album,Sex-O Olympic-O,which was produced by Jourgensen at his studio, was released on his 13th Planet label in March 2008. The follow-up album,Got Cock?,was released in March 2010 on the same label. A remix album ofGot Cock?,titledGot Mixxx?,was released in 2011.[36]

Other bands and projects

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During the late 1980s, Jourgensen started a short-lived side project named1000 Homo DJs,under the pseudonym Buck Satan. 1000 Homo DJs released two singles, including a cover ofBlack Sabbath's "Supernaut."[37]Also in 1989, Jourgensen was involved inAcid Horse,a collaboration between the members of Ministry andCabaret Voltaire.[38]In 2015, Jourgensen announced that he started "aspeed metalproject "named Surgical Meth Machine with engineer and longtime collaborator Sam D'Ambruoso.[39]The project'sself-titled albumwas released on April 15, 2016.

More side projects

Production work

[edit]

Jourgensen and his Ministry bandmatePaul Barkerworked as a music production team under the names Hypo Luxa and Hermes Pan, producing their own work as well as other Wax Trax! Records acts. Jourgensen also produced music forReverend Horton Heat,Skinny Puppy,Dessau,Skrew,Rigor Mortis,[40]The Blackouts, andDethRok.[41]Jourgensen's recording complex for the 13th Planet label was located at his former home inEl Paso, Texas.[42]

Musicianship

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Jourgensen has played a multitude of instruments throughout his career, including guitars, bass, violin, banjo, keyboards, piano, pedal steel guitar, trumpets and drums to name a few. However, he claims he is "not really good at any of them." He said, "I'm jack of all trades and master of none. But I can collage bits and pieces together musically."[43]

Jourgensen's singing style has varied throughout the years. On Ministry's early releases such asWith SympathyandTwitch,he sang with a fake British accent, which he regrets.[44][45]Inspired byThe 13th Floor Elevators,Jourgensen started utilizing vocal effects beginning withThe Land of Rape and Honeyto distort his voice usingEventide.[46]In 2006, starting withRio Grande Blood,Jourgensen switched to a morethrash metalapproach.

Personal life

[edit]

Relationships and family

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Jourgensen at the Astoria, London during 2004, promotingHouses of the Molé

Jourgensen was married to Patty Marsh from 1984 to 1995 and the relationship produced one daughter.[47]: 15 [48]In 2002, he married Angelina Lukacin.[49]In July 2014, he announced that they were divorced.[50]

Jourgensen's autobiography,Ministry: The Lost Gospels According to Al Jourgensen,was released in July 2013.[51]

As a result of the divorce from wife and business partner, 13th Planet Records officially shut down[citation needed].In 2015, Jourgensen closed his residence and recording studio in El Paso, Texas, and moved to Los Angeles.[citation needed]

[edit]

In 1995, police raided Ministry's Texas headquarters and Jourgensen was arrested for possession ofheroin.[52]He received a five-yearprobationsentence. Jourgensen was dependent upon heroin for twenty years. Jourgensen kicked his heavy drug (heroin, methadone, crack, pills) habit, and as of 2019, he has limited his intake to beer, marijuana, andpsilocybin mushrooms.[53]

Jourgensen almost lost his arm and foot in two separate incidents, the first due to a spider bite,[54]the second the result of a hypodermic needle wound.[55][56]

Body art

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Throughout the years, Jourgensen has amassed a large number of tattoos. In 2012, he underwent facial piercings after a bet with his daughter; she called him a "pussy" for not having any piercings, while Jourgensen called her the same thing for not having any tattoos. They then decided to have their tattoos and piercings done respectively to create a "pact". He had 16 facial piercings done in one sitting.[57][58]

Discography

[edit]

with Ministry

[edit]
Date of release Title Label
1983 With Sympathy Arista Records
1986 Twitch Sire/Warner Bros.
1988 The Land of Rape and Honey Sire/Warner Bros.
1989 The Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Taste Sire/Warner Bros.
1992 Psalm 69: The Way to Succeed and the Way to Suck Eggs Sire/Warner Bros.
1996 Filth Pig Warner Bros.
1999 Dark Side of the Spoon Warner Bros.
2003 Animositisomina Sanctuary
2004 Houses of the Molé Sanctuary
2006 Rio Grande Blood 13th Planet/Megaforce
2007 The Last Sucker 13th Planet/Megaforce
2012 Relapse 13th Planet
2013 From Beer to Eternity 13th Planet
2018 AmeriKKKant Nuclear Blast
2021 Moral Hygiene Nuclear Blast
2024 Hopiumforthemasses Nuclear Blast

with Revolting Cocks

[edit]
Date of release Title Label
1985 No Devotion (12 ") Wax Trax!
1986 Big Sexy Land Wax Trax!
1986 "You Often Forget" (12 ") Wax Trax!
1988 You Goddamned Son of a Bitch – Live Wax Trax!
1986 Stainless Steel Providers (12 ") Wax Trax!
1990 Beers, Steers, and Queers Wax Trax!
1993 Linger Ficken' Good Sire/Reprise/Warner Bros. Records
2006 Cocked and Loaded 13th Planet Records/Megaforce Records
2007 Cocktail Mixxx 13th Planet Records/Megaforce Records
2009 Sex-O Olympic-O 13th Planet Records/Megaforce Records
2009 Sex-O MiXXX-O 13th Planet Records/Megaforce Records
2010 Got Cock? 13th Planet Records/Megaforce Records
2011 Got Mixx? 13th Planet Records/Megaforce Records

with Lard

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Date of release Title Label
1989 The Power of Lard Alternative Tentacles
1990 The Last Temptation of Reid Alternative Tentacles
1997 Pure Chewing Satisfaction Alternative Tentacles
2000 70's Rock Must Die Alternative Tentacles

Other releases

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Date of release Band Title Label
1987 Pailhead "I Will Refuse"b/w"No Bunny" Wax Trax!
1988 Pailhead Trait(EP) Wax Trax!
1989 Acid Horse No Name, No Slogan(12 ") Wax Trax!
2011 Buck Satan and the 666 Shooters Bikers Welcome Ladies Drink Free 13th Planet Records/AFM Soulfood Records
2016 Surgical Meth Machine Surgical Meth Machine Nuclear Blast Records
[edit]
Date of release Band Title Label Notes
1981 Special Affect Too Much Soft Living None (Special Affect Music) Full member (1979-1980).
1983 Alan Vega Saturn Strip Elektra Keyboards onSaturn Drive(track 1).
1989 Skinny Puppy Rabies Nettwerk Production, engineering, mixing, guitar and additional vocals.
1992 Skrew Burning in Water, Drowning in Flame Metal Blade Engineering and guitar.
1994 The Reverend Horton Heat Liquor in the Front Sub Pop/Interscope Production, pedal steel guitar, piano and vocals.
2008 False Icons[59] God Complex 13th Planet Records Mixing and production.
2010 Front Line Assembly Improvised Electronic Device Metropolis Production, vocals, lyrics, string arrangements, additional programming and mixing

onStupidity(track 9).

2015 Coal Chamber Rivals Napalm Additional vocals onSuffer in Silence(track 4).
2018 Beauty In Chaos Finding Beauty In Chaos None (Bandcamp) Vocals on20th Century Boy,originally composed byT. rex(track 4)
2020 Static-X Project Regeneration Otsego Entertainment Group Additional vocals onDead Souls(track 12).

[60]

Solo releases

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Date of release Title Label
2009 / 2010 Alien Christmas/It's Always Christmas Time (withMark Thwaite) 13th Planet Records

Notes

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Commentaries

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  1. ^He is sometimes credited and referred to asAlain Jourgensen,[7][8]Alien Jourgensen,[7]Uncle Al,[9]Hypo Luxa(his alias as a producer),Dog,Alien Dog Star,[10]andBuck Satan.

Reference notes

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  1. ^[8]: 78 [12][13][14][15][16]

References

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Cited sources

[edit]
  1. ^Wiederhorn, Jon (March 27, 2013)."Ministry's Last Stand Brings Al Jourgensen 'From Beer to Eternity'".Noisey Vice.Archivedfrom the original on March 4, 2016.RetrievedOctober 29,2017.
  2. ^CoS staff (August 28, 2014)."Top 11 Influential Minds of Industrial Metal".Consequence of Sound.7. Al Jourgensen (Ministry).Archivedfrom the original on October 25, 2017.RetrievedOctober 29,2017.
  3. ^Kaufman, Spencer (January 19, 2014)."Ministry Mastermind Al Jourgensen to Enter Rehab for Alcohol Abuse".Loudwire.Archivedfrom the original on October 29, 2017.RetrievedOctober 29,2017.
  4. ^Dean, John (October 14, 2013)."Before They Were Metal".Noisey Vice.Archivedfrom the original on March 4, 2016.RetrievedOctober 29,2017.
  5. ^Rod Smith (March 27, 2014)."Wax Trax: An Introduction".Red Bull Music Academy Daily.Red Bull Music Academy.Archivedfrom the original on August 19, 2017.RetrievedMarch 3,2018.
  6. ^Cadrey, Richard (March 1996). "Avalanche in 4/4".Pulse!– viaProngs.orgarchive.
  7. ^abHeim, Chris (December 29, 1989)."Ministry's Musical Vision Goes Beyond The City Limits".Chicago Tribune.Archivedfrom the original on February 4, 2018.RetrievedDecember 17,2017.
  8. ^abBlush, Steven (October 1991)."Cult of Personality".Spin Magazine.Vol. 7, no. 7. pp. 77–78.Archivedfrom the original on May 27, 2024.RetrievedDecember 17,2017– via Google Books.
  9. ^Ohanesian, Liz (April 12, 2016)."To Get His Weed Card, Ministry's Al Jourgensen Said He Was Invisible — and It Worked".L.A. Weekly.Archivedfrom the original on May 2, 2018.RetrievedMay 1,2018.
  10. ^"Ministry".Metal Storm.Archivedfrom the original on March 23, 2016.RetrievedApril 16,2016.
  11. ^abcJourgensen & Wiederhorn 2013,p. 7.
  12. ^abcdHilburn, Robert(August 2, 1992)."The Face of Fame, The Face of Anger".Los Angeles Times.Archivedfrom the original on May 29, 2016.RetrievedDecember 6,2017.
  13. ^"Ministry: Houses of the Mole (Sanctuary)".Reviews.CMJ New Music Report.No. 870. June 28, 2004. p. 6.Archivedfrom the original on May 27, 2024.RetrievedDecember 17,2017.
  14. ^Jourgensen & Wiederhorn 2013,p. XIII.
  15. ^Graham Hartmann (November 4, 2016)."10 Greatest Industrial Rock + Metal Bands [Watch]".Loudwire.Archivedfrom the original on October 28, 2017.RetrievedDecember 17,2017.
  16. ^Sean Edgar (November 15, 2017)."Photos: Death Grips & Ministry Combined for a Post-Industrial Maelstrom".Paste.Archived fromthe originalon February 3, 2018.RetrievedDecember 17,2017.
  17. ^abJames Gill (August 16, 2016)."My Life Story | Ministry's Al Jourgensen".Metal Hammer.Archivedfrom the original on May 4, 2018.RetrievedMay 4,2018.
  18. ^Jourgensen & Wiederhorn 2013,p. 7. Jourgensen writes that his mother was 16 years old when he was born.
  19. ^Jourgensen & Wiederhorn 2013,pp. 7–8.
  20. ^"Ministry's Al Jourgensen on his ties to Colorado: living in Breckenridge, attending Greeley High School and his ill-fated attempt at a rodeo career."Al Jourgensen interview with Tom Murphy.Westword.12 June 2012. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  21. ^Murphy, Tom (June 12, 2012)."Ministry's Al Jourgensen on his ties to Colorado: living in Breckenridge, attending Greeley High School and his ill-fated attempt at a rodeo career".Westword.Archivedfrom the original on May 17, 2021.RetrievedMay 17,2021.
  22. ^[1]ArchivedMay 21, 2006, at theWayback Machine
  23. ^MacIntosh, Dan (February 18, 2012)."Al Jourgensen of Ministry".Songfacts.Archivedfrom the original on August 29, 2016.RetrievedOctober 9,2016.
  24. ^"Remember When: Ministry protested against robots in 'A.I. Artificial Intelligence'?Metal Insider".July 5, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on August 14, 2020.RetrievedNovember 18,2019.
  25. ^Jourgensen & Wiederhorn 2013,pp. 192–193.
  26. ^"The Wicked Soundtrack By Al Jourgensen (Based on the Film" Wicked Lake ") Various Artists".iTunes Preview.Apple, Inc. November 25, 2008.Archivedfrom the original on June 5, 2014.RetrievedJune 17,2013.
  27. ^"Wicked Lake (2008)".IMDb.1990–2013.Archivedfrom the original on March 25, 2013.RetrievedJune 17,2013.
  28. ^"none".Hustler.November 2008.
  29. ^Greg Prato (March 25, 2012)."Ministry 'Relapse' Once Again".Rolling Stone.Archivedfrom the original on July 13, 2013.RetrievedJune 17,2013.
  30. ^Currie, James (October 15, 2015)."Interview: Al Jourgensen Of Ministry And New Project Surgical Meth Machine".In The Loop Magazine.Archivedfrom the original on November 22, 2018.RetrievedNovember 29,2018.
  31. ^"Interview with Al Jourgensen – Surgical Meth Machine – March 4th, 2016".Lithium Magazine. March 11, 2016.Archivedfrom the original on May 2, 2016.RetrievedApril 16,2016.
  32. ^"Ministry".www.facebook.com.Archivedfrom the original on April 8, 2023.RetrievedJune 30,2017.
  33. ^Ministry [@WeAreMinistry] (February 28, 2017)."Another night in the studio with @OGArabianPrince and Kelly Keys... thanks for stopping by!pic.twitter.com/fE67xP9Wej"(Tweet) – viaTwitter.
  34. ^wookubus (February 21, 2024)."Al Jourgensen Says One Final Ministry Album Is Planned, Paul Barker To Be Involved".Theprp.com.Archivedfrom the original on March 3, 2024.RetrievedMarch 3,2024.
  35. ^ab"Al Jourgensen: Sex-O Olympic-O".SuicideGirls.com.March 12, 2009.Archivedfrom the original on March 16, 2009.RetrievedMarch 12,2009.
  36. ^CYRUS_CRASHTEST (March 12, 2010)."CD Review: Revolting Cocks – 'Got Cock?'".soundsphere.soundsphere magazine. Archived fromthe originalon July 25, 2014.RetrievedJune 17,2013.
  37. ^Raggett, Ned."1000 Homo DJs – Supernaut".AllMusic.Archivedfrom the original on December 7, 2021.RetrievedNovember 4,2013.
  38. ^True, Chris."Acid Horse".AllMusic.Archivedfrom the original on January 9, 2016.RetrievedAugust 3,2015.
  39. ^Hartmann, Graham (February 26, 2015)."Ministry's Al Jourgensen Announces Speed Metal Project Surgical Meth Machine Read More: Al Jourgensen Announces New Project Surgical Meth Machine".Loudwire.Archivedfrom the original on May 27, 2024.RetrievedAugust 3,2015.
  40. ^Dimitris Kontogeorgakos (February 14, 2012)."RIGOR MORTIS Tap Al Jourgensen As Producer".Metal Kaoz.Archivedfrom the original on July 27, 2014.RetrievedJune 17,2013.
  41. ^"Ministry – The Lost Gospels According To Al Jourgensen With Jon Wiederhorn (Da Capo Press)".Ave Noctum. July 8, 2013.Archivedfrom the original on April 24, 2016.RetrievedApril 16,2016.
  42. ^jason (September 15, 2008)."AL JOURGENSEN'S 13TH PLANET TO RELEASE" WICKED LAKE "SOUNDTRACK".The Gauntlet.Archivedfrom the original on July 27, 2014.RetrievedJune 17,2013.
  43. ^Acharya, Kiran (April 27, 2016)."Revolting Lots: Al Jourgensen's Favourite Ministry Albums".The Quietus.Archivedfrom the original on May 27, 2024.RetrievedJune 7,2016.
  44. ^Azerrad, Michael (December 2, 2012).Our Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes from the American Indie Underground.Little, Brown.ISBN978-0-316-24718-4.
  45. ^Jourgensen & Wiederhorn 2013,pp. 50–51, 65.
  46. ^Jourgensen & Wiederhorn 2013,pp. 85, 230.
  47. ^Robbins, Ira A., ed. (1985)."January 1984 / Milestones".The Rolling Stone Review.New York: Scribner's. pp. 14–15.ISBN0-684-18332-3.ISSN8755-6324.LCCN85642819.OCLC1225857589– via the Internet Archive.
  48. ^danlowlite (October 9, 2002)."Al Jourgensen".Everything2.Everything2 Media, LLC.Archivedfrom the original on November 5, 2012.RetrievedJune 17,2013.
  49. ^Dennis M. Kelly (September 9, 2004)."Ministry Interview".Chicago Music Guide.Archivedfrom the original on November 11, 2017.RetrievedNovember 11,2017.
  50. ^"MINISTRY's AL JOURGENSEN: Divorced, Happy And Starting New Project Called DUBWEISER".July 14, 2014.Archivedfrom the original on May 27, 2024.RetrievedOctober 17,2014.
  51. ^Wiederhorn, Jon (September 6, 2013)."Outtakes from 'Ministry: The Lost Gospels According to Al Jourgensen' | NOISEY".Noisey.vice.com.Archivedfrom the original on March 29, 2016.RetrievedApril 16,2016.
  52. ^"Ministry's Al Jourgensen Arrested On Heroin Possession".MTV. Archived fromthe originalon April 24, 2016.RetrievedApril 16,2016.
  53. ^"Ministry's Al Jourgensen on how playing in a band is like 'Naked and Afraid'".Revolver.July 1, 2019.Archivedfrom the original on October 29, 2021.RetrievedFebruary 7,2020.
  54. ^Jourgensen & Wiederhorn 2013,pp. 193–194.
  55. ^Jourgensen & Wiederhorn 2013,pp. 185–186.
  56. ^"Ministry Founder Jourgensen Undergoes Foot Surgery".Contactmusic.com.Contactmusic.com Ltd. December 14, 2009.Archivedfrom the original on April 7, 2014.RetrievedJune 17,2013.
  57. ^Yücel, Ilker (March 3, 2012)."Al Jourgensen InterView: Surviving into Relapse".Regen Magazine.Archivedfrom the original on August 25, 2016.RetrievedSeptember 1,2016.
  58. ^Slug Magazine (October 30, 2013)."Ministry: The Lost Gospels According to Al Jourgensen Al Jourgensen with Jon Wiederhorn".Slug Magazine.Archivedfrom the original on September 11, 2016.RetrievedSeptember 1,2016.
  59. ^Blabbermouth (September 19, 2008)."FALSE ICONS Debut Produced By MINISTRY's AL JOURGENSEN".BLABBERMOUTH.NET.Archived fromthe originalon January 4, 2022.RetrievedJanuary 4,2022.
  60. ^"Goth titans united for supergroup Beauty In Chaos".The Big Issue.October 26, 2018.Archivedfrom the original on January 11, 2019.RetrievedJanuary 10,2019.

Bibliography

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Further reading

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