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Albert Hertzog

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Doctor of Law
Albert Hertzog
Leader of the
Herstigte Nasionale Party
In office
25 October 1969 – 28 May 1977
Preceded byNew office
Succeeded byJaap Marais
Minister of Health
In office
24 August 1954 – 24 August 1958
Governor GeneralErnest George Jansen
Prime MinisterHendrik Verwoerd
Preceded byMichiel Daniel Christiaan de Wet Nel
Succeeded byCarel de Wet
Minister of Communications, Telecommunications and Postal Services.
In office
24 August 1958 – 7 February 1968
PresidentCharles Robberts Swart
Tom Naudé(acting)
Governor GeneralCharles Robberts Swart
Prime MinisterHendrik Verwoerd
B.J. Vorster
Preceded bySerfontein, J.
Succeeded byJanse van Rensburg, M.C.C.
Personal details
Born4 July 1899
Bloemfontein,Republic of the Orange Free State
Died5 November 1982(1982-11-05)(aged 83)
Pretoria,Transvaal,South Africa
Political partyNational Party
until 1969
Herstigte Nasionale Party
1969–1978
Spouse(s)Katie (née Whitely)†
Martie Viljoen(née Duvenage)
Residence(s)Pretoria,Transvaal,South Africa
Alma materStellenbosch University
B.A. (cum laude)
University of Amsterdam
Oxford University
LL.B.
Leiden University
LL.D.
ProfessionBarrister
Cabinet Minister
Politician

Johannes Albertus Munnik Hertzog(Afrikaans pronunciation:[ˈalbərtˈɦærtsɔχ];4 July 1899 – 5 November 1982) was a South African politician,Afrikaner nationalist,cabinet minister, and founding leader of theHerstigte Nasionale Party.He was the son ofJ. B. M. (Barry) Hertzog,a former Prime Minister of theUnion of South Africa.

Albert Hertzog served as theSouth African Minister of Healthfrom 1954 to 1958 and asMinister of Post and Telecommunicationsfrom 1958 to 1968. As the latter, Hertzog was famous for his refusal to implementtelevision in South Africa.In 1969, after being purged from theNational Partyfor his reactionary and exclusiveAfrikaner Nationalistviews, Hertzog founded theHerstigte Nasionale Party( "Reconstituted National Party" ). TheHNPwas opposed to what it viewed as theNational Party's deviation from its founding principles underHendrik Verwoerd's successor,John Vorster.

Early life

[edit]

The son of famedBoergeneral and later South African Prime MinisterBarry Hertzogand his wife Mynie (born Neethling), Albert Hertzog was born on 4 July 1899 in his parental home, 19 Goddard Street,Bloemfontein.He was baptized on 31 August 1899 in the Moederkerk.[1]Albert had two younger brothers, Charles Dirk Neethling (born in 1904) and James Barry Munnik (born 1905).[2]

Hertzog was only three months old when theSecond Boer Warbroke out. Initially he stayed with his mother at their home inBloemfontein,but after four months moved in with her sister in the hamlet ofJagersfontein.[3]After the town was taken by British troops, and their house blown up by dynamite, the family was herded onto cattle trucks and taken to theconcentration campatPort Elizabeth.The Hertzog inmates in the camp included baby Albert, his mother Mynie, his paternal grandmother and a number of Albert's aunts and cousins. They lived in a thin shack of eight square meters.[4]Albert's seven-year-old cousin, Charles, died ofmeaslesonly twelve days after arrival. Albert himself nearly succumbed to the disease, and was sent to relatives inStellenboschfor care and treatment. He stayed inStellenboschin the house of his paternal grandfather, Charl Neethling, until the end of the war.[5]Mynie Neethling was visited byLord Kitchenerpersonally in thePort Elizabethcamp, where he offered her dismissal should she try and persuade her husband to lay down his arms. She refused, and was subsequently sent via ship to theMerebankcamp atDurban.[6]Merebankwas notorious as one of the camps with the highest fatality rates. After her internment, Mynie Hertzog was prone to illness for the rest of her life.

As toddler, Albert attended an EnglishCatholicpre-primary school, where he heard and learnt his first English. That move seemed baffling to some, because theCalvinistandBoerpatriotGeneral Hertzogwas a staunch proponent ofAfrikaanslanguage rights, especially in education.[7]In 1910, after the birth of theUnion of South Africa,General Hertzog was appointed in a dual portfolio asMinister of JusticeandMinister of Native Affairs.The family therefore moved toPretoria,and occupied a house west of theUnion Buildings.His father sent Albert to theArcadia Skool,but Albert was disappointed that it had a headmistress and, though in the city, was no different to a farm school. Although only eleven years old, he left on the afternoon of his first day, and enrolled atPretoria Boys High School.[8]After the schism between General Hertzog and Prime MinisterLouis Botha,which led to Hertzog's dismissal from thecabinet,the family moved back toBloemfontein,where Albert attendedGrey College.He matriculated in 1916, having studiedDutch,English,Latin,Mathematics,andPhysical Science.[9]

Education

[edit]

After finishing his secondary education, Hertzog enrolled at theUniversity of Stellenboschin 1917. On 1 April 1920, he was awarded aBAcum laude,having studiedDutch,Latin,English,Greek,ChemistryandMathematicsin 1917,Political Science,PsychologyandLatinin 1918, and Ethics,LogicandPolitical Economyin 1919.[10]Hertzog then left for Europe on 6 August 1920, where he entered theUniversity of Amsterdam.[11]Two years later, he enrolled atNew College, Oxford,to further read Law.[12]After finishing his studies at Oxford, Hertzog went to theUniversity of Leidenin 1928, where he obtained theLL.D.degree in 1929.[13]After leaving Oxford, he stayed with aParisianfamily for a few weeks to improve his French.[14]

Political life

[edit]

Early years

[edit]

After returning to South Africa in 1929, Hertzog settled inPretoriawhere he set up a practice as abarrister.At the same time, he was also a part-time lecturer at theUniversity of Pretoria.

Hertzog was a supporter ofNazi Germanywho sympathized with Nazi collaboratorRobey Leibbrandt.He approved of Leibbrandt's "good work".[15]

Member of Parliament (1948–1958)

[edit]

In theelection of 1948,at which theNational Partyunder leadership ofDr. Danie Malancame to power, Hertzog was elected member of parliament forErmeloin the EasternTransvaal.He served as member of theHouse of Assemblyunder the tenure of Prime MinistersMalanandHannes Strijdom.

Cabinet Minister (1958–1968)

[edit]

When Dr.Hendrik Verwoerdwas electedPrime Ministerin 1958, he appointed Hertzog as a cabinet minister with the dual portfolios ofPosts and TelegramsandHealth.He was sworn in on 23 October 1958. During his time as minister ofPosts and Telegrams,he disallowed the introduction of television in South Africa, calling it a "small bioscope".

Turmoil in the National Party

[edit]
Dr. Albert Hertzog outside the hall where, moments before, on the evening of 4 October 1969, he had been kicked out of theNational Party.

The termsverlig( "enlightened" ) andverkramp( "cramped" ) entered theAfrikaans(and later English) vernacular during the late 1960s. They were first used in a speech by prof.Willem de Klerk(son ofJan de Klerkand brother of futureState President of South Africa,F.W. de Klerk) on 6 October 1966, exactly a month after the assassination of Dr.Hendrik Verwoerd.[16]In his speech, De Klerk distinguished betweenverligte,verkrampte,andpositiewe( "positive" )Afrikaners.That threefold division would soon be simplified in the colloquial language to a simpler dichotomy between simplyverligandverkramp.What De Klerk called "positive Afrikaners" would then refer to what generally became known asverligteAfrikaners.[17]He describedpositiveAfrikaners (verligtes,thus) as "purpose conscious Afrikaners". "And purpose means to recognize the enduring and the changing. The closedness and the openness. The tradition and the progression... The purpose conscious Afrikaner recognizes and appreciates the tradition, and yet he is the man of today and with a vision on tomorrow, until eternity. The Afrikaner heritage is the Afrikaner-Christendom with the Calvinistic bedrock which recognizes the authority of the Bible as revelation and guide. But also he is open to further study of Scripture and he seeks the new roads to expand his religious heritage. At the same time the Afrikaner culture is young and virile, and is still busy to form itself on many levels, without having to cut ties with the past. The Book teaches clearly that exaggerated nationalism (idolatry of the People) as well as cosmopolitism contrast with the stipulations of God. Just as ungodly is the nationalized religion, which is the same as idolatry of the People."[18]

De Klerklabeled theverkrampteAfrikaneras follows: "His fundamental axiom is: adherence to the extant, to the old ideas and customs and content is the test for being Afrikaner. He wants to lead us to rigidity; wants to exclude us from a new world; is a negativist. Also, he is ruled by the need to criticize. He is creative in his ability to sow distrust; hardened in the handling of one-sided slogans to generate witch hunts everywhere; accomplished in the technique of quibbling. He is without consideration and mercy, unwilling to converse, fanatic and extremist to enforce his opinion on a matter. He wants to forcefully push our youth into one-sidedness; haughty, stubborn self-preservation."[19]

Theverlig-verkramp-strife came to the fore after the assassination ofHendrik Verwoerd.Differences that had existed for a number of years began to manifest publicly, especially in the early days of newpremierJohn Vorster's term.[20]

Leader of the Herstigte Nasionale Party (1969–1977)

[edit]
Dr. Albert Hertzog, leader of theHNP,and his deputyJaap Marais,after a press conference in 1969 where Marais disclosed lies by the rulingNational Party.

After he was ousted from the National Party, he formed and led a new party called, theHerstigte Nasionale Partyon 24 October 1969.[21]

Election results of theHNPin theHouse of Assemblyunder Dr. Albert Hertzog's leadership
Election year # of total votes % of overall vote # of seats won Rank
1970[22] 53 763Increase 3.57%Increase 0Steady 3/4Increase
1974[23] 39 568Decrease 3.6%Increase 0Steady 4/5Decrease

Retirement

[edit]
Hertzog in 1978 during his retirement

Hertzog decided to retire as leader of theHNPin 1977, and gave his farewell address on 27 May of that year. He officially retired on 28 May 1977, and was followed byJaap Maraisas party leader. During his retirement, Hertzog could devote more time to his numerous business endeavours and his hobby of gardening. In a press interview in 1979 he opined as follows: "In my view our political landscape is developing in the direction of a large, new conservative party which will consist of different people who are still currently trying to tread their own path. It can be a party consisting of the Treurnicht people in the NP, theConnie Mulderpeople, the HNP and definitely also conservative English speakers ".[24]This proved to be prophetic, as in 1982 a massive split occurred within the rulingNational Party,and theConservative Partycame into being, withAndries Treurnichtas leader.

Death, funeral and legacy

[edit]

Hertzog died on 5 November 1982 during an emergency operation for a burstaorta.[25]His funeral was held on 11 November 1982, in theNG KerkinWaterkloof,and the service led by prof.Adriaan Pont.He was then laid to rest in the family cemetery on the farm Waterval, in the district ofWitbank,next to his wife Katie, and close to his parents.[26]

Private life

[edit]
Dr. Albert Hertzog and his wife, Katie, in the 1960s.

Hertzog met Katherine Marjorie Whiteley, aSouth Africanborn English girl inOxfordin 1926. They became engaged in 1927 and were married on 22 July 1933 inNG KerkinIrene.Under Hertzog's tutorage, Katie, as she was known, became fluent inAfrikaans,and spoke it without any trace of an accent. Katie died of heart failure on 25 February 1970. The marriage of 37 years did not produce any children. Hertzog met the widow Martha Maria ( "Martie" ) Viljoen (born Duvenage) in 1973, and married her in October 1977. She survived him when he died in 1982.

Even into his seventies, Hertzog kept a strict exercise regimen. He used no alcohol, and while he entertained visitors to his office on coffee or tea, he himself only drankwhey,which he carried in a flask.[27]Even among political opponents he was known for his polite manners and gentlemanly posture.[28]Hertzog's house inWaterkloofwas referred to as "An Alladin's cave of historic memories"by the Pretoria News. Mentioned in the article were an antique coper canon, aDutchStatenbijbeldating from 1748, a medicine cabinet dating from the era ofJan van Riebeeck,andoakdating from an 18th-century ship.[29]Hertzog collected,aloes,succulentsand rarecycads,some of which were over a thousand years old.[30]He served as the Honorary President of theSouth African Aloe and Succulent Societyfor a number of years, until he resigned in 1972.[31]

Political views

[edit]

He has been described as a nationalist Afrikaner and an "ultra-conservative".[32]Hertzog referred totelevisionas “the evil box" because he regarded the new media as a negative influence on society throughout the world.[33]

Ancestry

[edit]
Ancestors of Albert Hertzog
16. Johannes MattheusHertzog(1737–1812)
a1b1[49]
8. Dirk WilhelmHertzog(1789–1850)
a1b1c5[41]
17. SusannaVerwey(1756–1828)
a1b3c3d2e2[50]
4. Johannes Albertus MunnikHertzog(1826–1921)
a1b1c5d4[37]
18. Johannes (Jan) AlbertusMunnik(1768–1854)
a1b1c3d3[51]
9. ChristinaMunnik(1796–1836)
a1b1c3d3e4[42]
19. Sara ChristinaDreyer(1768–1850)
a1b3c3[52]
2.James Barry MunnikHertzog(1866–1942)
a1b1c5d4e8[35]
20. Johannes NicolaasHamman(1762–1839)
a2b10[53]
10. Pieter EduardHamman(1799–1874)
a2b10c6[43]
21. Susanna MariaHauman(1780–1852)
a1b1c3[54]
5. Susanna Maria JacobaHamman(1831–1895)
a2b10c6d4[38]
22. ChristiaanGobrechts(1761–?)
a1b1c6[55]
11. WilhelminaGobrechts(1804–?)
a1b1c6d9[44]
23. Jacomina HendrinaSmit(1766–?)
b3c11d9[56]
1. Johannes Albertus MunnikHertzog(1899–1982)
a1b1c5d4e8f1[34]
24. Marthinus LaurentiusNeethling(1773–1855)
a1b6[57]
12. Johannes (Jan) HenochNeethling(1800–1871)
a1b6c8[45]
25. Anna Tobiade Villiers(1772–1828)
a1b5c2d4[58]
6. Charles MaraisNeethling(1827–1916)
a1b6c8d3[39]
26. Johannes (Stephanus)Marais(1763–1801)
a1b2c4d4[59]
13. Anna MargarethaMarais(1800–?)
a1b2c4d4e7f6[46]
27. Anna HelenaJoubert(1763–1793)
a1b8c1d10[60]
3. Wilhelmina JacobaNeethling(1863–1942)
a1b6c8d3e6[36]
28. Arendde Waal(1775–1861)
a1b2c7[61]
14. Pieterde Waal(1798–1870)
a1b2c7d1[47]
29. Maria MargarethaBosman(1777–1866)
a1b10c12[62]
7. Wilhelmina Jacobade Waal(1833–1905)
b2c7d1e2[40]
30. DaniëlLouw(1780–1861)
a1b5c1d1e1f2[63]
15. Susanna GertruidaLouw(1808–1890)
a1b5c1d1e1f2g4[48]
31. Susanna Geertruidade Villiers(1786–1861)
a1b12c5d10[64]

Publications

[edit]

Books

[edit]
  • Die Calvinistiese toespraak van dr. A. Hertzog, L.V.,Pretoria: Herstigte Nasionale Party, 1970.
  • Waarheen Suid-Afrika?: Oproep tot die stryd,Pretoria: M.M. Hertzog, 1985,ISBN0-620-07794-8.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Naudé, Louis (1969).Dr. A. Hertzog, die Nasionale Party en die mynwerker.Pretoria: Nasionale Raad van Trustees.
  • Serfontein, J.H.P. (1970).Die verkrampte aanslag.Cape Town: Human & Rousseau.ISBN9781868422456.
  • Pretorius, Estelle (2001).Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing.Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers.ISBN0-9584118-5-9.

References

[edit]
  1. ^Pretorius, Estelle (2001).Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing.Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. p. 11.ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
  2. ^Heese, J.A. (2001). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.).Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 3: H-I.Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 527.ISBN0-7969-1425-7.
  3. ^Pretorius, Estelle (2001).Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing.Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. p. 11.ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
  4. ^Pretorius, Estelle (2001).Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing.Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. pp. 12–13.ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
  5. ^Pretorius, Estelle (2001).Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing.Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. p. 13.ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
  6. ^Pretorius, Estelle (2001).Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing.Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. pp. 13–14.ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
  7. ^Pretorius, Estelle (2001).Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing.Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. pp. 18–19.ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
  8. ^Pretorius, Estelle (2001).Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing.Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. p. 23.ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
  9. ^Pretorius, Estelle (2001).Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing.Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. p. 25.ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
  10. ^Pretorius, Estelle (2001).Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing.Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. p. 25.ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
  11. ^Pretorius, Estelle (2001).Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing.Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. p. 25.ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
  12. ^Pretorius, Estelle (2001).Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing.Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. p. 30.ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
  13. ^Pretorius, Estelle (2001).Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing.Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. pp. 41–42.ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
  14. ^Pretorius, Estelle (2001).Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing.Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. p. 42.ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
  15. ^Furlong, Patrick J. (1988)."Pro-Nazi Subversion in South Africa".Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies.16(1).doi:10.5070/F7161016956.ISSN0041-5715.
  16. ^Serfontein, J.H.P. (1970).Die Verkrampte Aanslag.Cape Town & Pretoria: Human & Rousseau. p. 15.ISBN9781868422456.
  17. ^Serfontein, J.H.P. (1970).Die Verkrampte Aanslag.Cape Town & Pretoria: Human & Rousseau. p. 15.ISBN9781868422456.
  18. ^Serfontein, J.H.P. (1970).Die Verkrampte Aanslag.Cape Town & Pretoria: Human & Rousseau. pp. 15–16.ISBN9781868422456.
  19. ^Serfontein, J.H.P. (1970).Die Verkrampte Aanslag.Cape Town & Pretoria: Human & Rousseau. p. 16.ISBN9781868422456.
  20. ^Wilkins, Ivor; Strydom, Hans (2012).The Super-Afrikaners.Johannesburg & Cape Town: Jonathan Ball. p. 182.ISBN978-1-86842-535-8.
  21. ^The Herstigte Nasionale Party is established,South African History Online
  22. ^Bryn Morgan."General Election results, 1 May 1997"(PDF).House of Commons Library. p. 6.Retrieved15 December2016.
  23. ^Bryn Morgan."General Election results, 7 June 2001"(PDF).House of Commons Library. p. 11.Retrieved15 December2016.
  24. ^Snyman, J. (8 November 1982). "Hertzog HNP se geestelike vader".Hoofstad.
  25. ^"Afrikanervolk verloor 'n groot kampvegter".Die Patriot.12 November 1982.
  26. ^Pretorius, Estelle (2001).Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing.Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. pp. 151–152.ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
  27. ^Serfontein, J.H.P. (1970).Die Verkrampte Aanslag.Cape Town & Pretoria: Human & Rousseau. p. 23.ISBN9781868422456.
  28. ^Serfontein, J.H.P. (1970).Die Verkrampte Aanslag.Cape Town & Pretoria: Human & Rousseau. p. 23.ISBN9781868422456.
  29. ^Mehliss, C. (19 January 1978). "The Albert Museum".Pretoria News.
  30. ^Pretorius, Estelle (2001).Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing.Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. p. 151.ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
  31. ^Pretorius, Estelle (2001).Dr. Albert Hertzog: 'n lewensbeskrywing.Pretoria: Bienedell Uitgewers. p. 149.ISBN0-9584118-5-9.
  32. ^Weronika Muller (2021),"Albert Hertzog's" Calvinist Speech "and the Verlig-Verkrampstryd: The Origins of the Right-Wing Movement in South Africa",Journal for Contemporary History,46,doi:10.18820/24150509/SJCH46.v1.4
  33. ^Ideology and South African Television(PDF),University of Pretoria
  34. ^Heese, J.A. (2001). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.).Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 3: H-I.Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 527.ISBN0-7969-1425-7.
  35. ^Heese, J.A. (2001). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.).Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 3: H-I.Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 527.ISBN0-7969-1425-7.
  36. ^Heese, J.A. (2001). Endemann, L.C.P; Nel, Héula; de Villiers, Maureen; Neethling, Lodine (eds.).Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 6: N.Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 59.ISBN0-7972-0870-4.
  37. ^Heese, J.A. (2001). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.).Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 3: H-I.Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 525.ISBN0-7969-1425-7.
  38. ^Heese, J.A. (2001). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.).Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 3: H-I.Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 84.ISBN0-7969-1425-7.
  39. ^Heese, J.A. (2001). Endemann, L.C.P; Nel, Héula; de Villiers, Maureen; Neethling, Lodine (eds.).Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 6: N.Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 59.ISBN0-7972-0870-4.
  40. ^Heese, J.A. (2007). Endemann, L.C.P; Nel, Héula; de Villiers, Maureen; Joubert, Pauletta; Van der Westhuizen, Engela (eds.).Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 15: Vis-Wal.Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 334.ISBN978-0-7972-1175-9.
  41. ^Heese, J.A. (2001). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.).Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 3: H-I.Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 525.ISBN0-7969-1425-7.
  42. ^Endemann, L.C.P; Lorenzen, Lynn; de Villiers, Maureen, eds. (1999).Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 5b: M.Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 738.ISBN0-7972-0732-5.
  43. ^Heese, J.A. (2001). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.).Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 3: H-I.Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 83.ISBN0-7969-1425-7.
  44. ^Heese, J.A. (1998). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.).Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 2:D-G.Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 810.ISBN0-7969-0752-8.
  45. ^Heese, J.A. (2001). Endemann, L.C.P; Nel, Héula; de Villiers, Maureen; Neethling, Lodine (eds.).Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 6: N.Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 58.ISBN0-7972-0870-4.
  46. ^Endemann, L.C.P; Lorenzen, Lynn; de Villiers, Maureen, eds. (1999).Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 5b: M.Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 449.ISBN0-7972-0732-5.
  47. ^Heese, J.A. (2007). Endemann, L.C.P; Nel, Héula; de Villiers, Maureen; Joubert, Pauletta; Van der Westhuizen, Engela (eds.).Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 15: Vis-Wal.Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 333.ISBN978-0-7972-1175-9.
  48. ^Endemann, L.C.P; Lorenzen, Lynn; de Villiers, Maureen, eds. (1999).Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 5a: L.Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 270.ISBN0-7972-0732-5.
  49. ^Heese, J.A. (2001). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.).Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 3: H-I.Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 525.ISBN0-7969-1425-7.
  50. ^Heese, J.A. (2006). Endemann, L.C.P; Nel, Héula; de Villiers, Maureen; Joubert, Pauletta; Van der Westhuizen, Engela (eds.).Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 14: Va-Vir.Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 289.ISBN0-7972-1087-3.
  51. ^Endemann, L.C.P; Lorenzen, Lynn; de Villiers, Maureen, eds. (1999).Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 5b: M.Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 738.ISBN0-7972-0732-5.
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  53. ^Heese, J.A. (2001). Lombard, R.T.J. (ed.).Suid-Afrikaanse Geslagsregisters, Volume 3: H-I.Stellenbosch: Genealogiese Instituut van Suid-Afrika. p. 81.ISBN0-7969-1425-7.
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