Amentotaxus
| Amentotaxus Temporal range:
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|---|---|
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| FossilAmentotaxusneedles | |
Scientific classification
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Pinophyta |
| Class: | Pinopsida |
| Order: | Cupressales |
| Family: | Taxaceae |
| Genus: | Amentotaxus Pilg. |
| Type species | |
| Amentotaxus argotaenia (Hance)Pilg.
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| Species | |
Amentotaxusis a genus ofconifers(catkin-yews) comprising five species, treated in either theCephalotaxaceae,or in theTaxaceaewhen that family is considered in a broad sense. The genus isendemicto subtropical Southeast Asia, fromTaiwanwest across southernChinatoAssamin the easternHimalaya,and south toVietnam.The species areevergreenshrubsand smalltreesreaching 2–15 m tall.
Theleavesare spirally arranged on the shoots, but twisted at the base to lie in two flat ranks (except on erect leading shoots); they are linear-lanceolate, 4–12 cm long and 6–10 mm broad, soft in texture, with a blunt tip, green above, and with two conspicuous whitestomatalbands below. They differ from the related genusCephalotaxusin the broader leaves, and fromTorreyaby the blunt, not spine-tipped leaves.
The species can be eithermonoeciousordioecious;when monoecious, the male and femaleconesare often on different branches. The male (pollen) cones arecatkin-like, 3–15 cm long, grouped in clusters of two to six together produced from a single bud. The female (seed) cones are single or grouped a few together on short stems; minute at first, they mature in about 18 months to adrupe-like structure with the single largenut-like seed 1.5–3 cm long surrounded by a fleshy covering, orange to red at full maturity; the apex of the seed usually protrudes slightly out of the fleshy covering.
The oldest fossils that are recognisable to the genus are from the Middle-LateJurassicDaohugou Bedof China.[1]
Extant species
[edit]| Phylogeny ofAmentotaxus[2][3] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
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Amentotaxus argotaenia | Catkin yew | China: Fujian, southern Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, western Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, north-western Jiangxi, central and south-eastern Sichuan, south-eastern Tibet and southern Zhejiang |
| Amentotaxus assamica | Assam catkin yew | India | |
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Amentotaxus formosana | Taiwan catkin yew | Taiwan |
| Amentotaxus hatuyenensis | Vietnam | ||
| Amentotaxus poilanei | Poilane's catkin yew | Vietnam | |
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Amentotaxus yunnanensis | Yunnan catkin yew | Laos, Vietnam, and Guizhou and Yunnan in China |
References
[edit]- ^Dong, Chong; Shi, Gongle; Herrera, Fabiany; Wang, Yongdong; Herendeen, Patrick S; Crane, Peter R (2020-06-18)."Middle–Late Jurassic fossils from northeastern China reveal morphological stasis in the catkin-yew".National Science Review.7(11): 1765–1767.doi:10.1093/nsr/nwaa138.ISSN2095-5138.PMC8288717.PMID34691509.
- ^Stull, Gregory W.; Qu, Xiao-Jian; Parins-Fukuchi, Caroline; Yang, Ying-Ying; Yang, Jun-Bo; Yang, Zhi-Yun; Hu, Yi; Ma, Hong; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Li, De-Zhu; Smith, Stephen A.; Yi, Ting-Shuang; et al. (2021)."Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms".Nature Plants.7(8): 1015–1025.bioRxiv10.1101/2021.03.13.435279.doi:10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4.PMID34282286.S2CID232282918.
- ^Stull, Gregory W.; et al. (2021)."main.dated.supermatrix.tree.T9.tre".Figshare.doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14547354.v1.
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External links
[edit]
Media related toAmentotaxusat Wikimedia Commons
Data related toAmentotaxusat Wikispecies- Gymnosperm Database
- Flora of China
