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This article is about the Selena album. For other uses, seeAmor Prohibido (disambiguation).

Amor Prohibido
The singer is seen holding and compressing a small portion of her white shirt outwards while posing.
Studio albumby
Selena
ReleasedMarch 22, 1994(1994-03-22)
RecordedSeptember 1993–February 1994
StudioAMEN(San Antonio, Texas)
Genre
Length35:27
LanguageSpanish
LabelEMI Latin
ProducerA.B. Quintanilla
Selenachronology
Mis Mejores Canciones – 17 Super Éxitos
(1993) 		Amor Prohibido
(1994) 		12 Super Exitos
(1994)
Selena studio album chronology
Entre a Mi Mundo
(1992) 		Amor Prohibido
(1994) 		Dreaming of You
(1995)
SinglesfromAmor Prohibido
  1. "Amor Prohibido"
    Released: April 13, 1994
  2. "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom"
    Released: July 1994
  3. "No Me Queda Más"
    Released: October 1994
  4. "Fotos y Recuerdos"
    Released: January 1995

Amor Prohibido(English:Forbidden Love)[1]is the fourth studio album by American singerSelena,[Note 1]released on March 22, 1994, byEMI Latin.[2]Having reached a core fan base, the label aimed to broaden her appeal with the next studio release. Finding it challenging to write a follow-up hit after "Como la Flor"(1992), Selena's brotherA. B. Quintanillaenlisted the assistance from band membersRicky VelaandPete Astudillowith writing the album's songs. The resulting album has a more mature sound featuringexperimentalproduction that blends diverse musical styles fromrancheratohip-hop music.Amor Prohibidois aTejano cumbiaalbum modernized with asynthesizer-rich delivery using a minimalist style that was quintessential in early 1990sTejano music.

The album's songs deal with dysfunctional and volatile relationships; its lyrics exploreunrequited love,infidelity,andsocial division.With relatively fewlove songs,Amor Prohibidonarrates a woman's struggles and triumphs following unsuccessful relationships with men who struggle with commitment. The album continued the singer's streak of number-one singles on the United StatesBillboardHot Latin Songschart with the title track "Amor Prohibido"— which becamethe most successful US Latin single of 1994,a feat she repeatedthe following yearwith "No Me Queda Más".Along with the latter,"Bidi Bidi Bom Bom"and"Fotos y Recuerdos"also topped the US Latin chart, and together with"Si Una Vez"are regarded as Selena'ssignature recordings.

When the album tour broke attendance records at theHouston Astrodomeand attracted a record-breaking crowd at Miami'sCalle Ocho Festival,Selena became recognized as one of the biggest US Latin touring acts at that time.Amor Prohibidobecame the first Tejano record to peak at number one on theBillboardTop Latin Albumschart, remaining in the top five for 98 consecutive weeks. The album holds the record for most weeks at number one onBillboard'sRegional Mexican Albumschart at 97 nonconsecutive weeks, as well as crowning the chart in four different calendar years.Amor Prohibidoreceived critical acclaim: it is considered to be Selena's best work and her band's "crowning achievement". The album's sound received the highest acclaim, it was noted by critics to have retained its innovative spirit well into the 21st century.Amor Prohibidois credited with catapulting Tejano music into mainstream success resulting in sales to listeners previously unfamiliar with the genre.Amor Prohibidowas nominated forBest Mexican-American Albumat the37th Grammy Awards.The record tookAlbum of the Yearhonors at the1995 TMA'sand theLo Nuestro Award for Best Regional Mexican Album.

On March 31, 1995, Selena wasmurderedby her friend and former manager of herSelena Etc.boutiques,Yolanda Saldívar.The record re-entered theBillboard200chart, peaking at number 29 and wascertifiedgold by theRecording Industry Association of America(RIAA). Within three weeks, it was certified platinum and was re-certified by the RIAA as 41×platinum (Latin),denoting 2.46 millionalbum-equivalent unitssold.Amor Prohibidois the second-highestcertified Latin album in the United Statestrailing only her posthumous albumDreaming of You(1995), the fourthbest-selling Latin album in the US,the best-selling Tejano recording of the 1990s, and remains the best-selling Tejano recording of all time.Amor Prohibidohas been ranked among the most essential Latin recordings of the past 50 years byBillboardmagazine, whileRolling Stonemagazine named it one ofThe 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.NPRranked the album number 19 on their list of the 150 greatest albums made by women; it was the highest-ranking album by a female Latin artist and ninth highest-ranking recording by awoman of color.

Production and development

[edit]

Background

[edit]

Following the release ofSelena's third studio albumEntre a Mi Mundoand the launch ofa clothing boutiquein 1993,[3]the singer and her band began working onAmor Prohibido.[4]Having achieved the success and fan base thatEMI Latin's presidentJose Beharwas seeking, Behar aimed to capitalize on Selena's broad appeal with the next studio release.[5]The label was keen to use aGrammy Award-winning producer instead of the singer's brother,A.B. Quintanilla.[6]A.B. knew Selena's musical tastes andvocal range,[7]though he found that he needed to outdo himself to remain her principal record producer.[6]He found it challenging to meet expectations after the commercial success ofEntre a Mi Mundoand its career-launching single "Como la Flor".[4][8][9]When A.B. met with record executives inNew York CityandNashville,they pressured him to come up with another successful song.[10]He felt it was important that the music he produced for Selena remain fresh.[4]He stressed that writing a successful song following "Como la Flor" was infeasible—as he expressed toBillboard,"you don't try to outdo ahit,you just write another hit ".[10]As with previous albums, A.B. enlistedSelena y Los Dinosband members,Pete AstudilloandRicky Vela,to help with the writing process.[4]The result included a mature sound for Selena withexperimentalrecording and production than her previous works.[4][11][12]It was the final album featuring production and songwriting by Astudillo, who subsequently parted with Los Dinos to pursue a solo career.[4][11]

Recording

[edit]

"[A.B] left the studio trusting me to put together a solo that would work [for" Bidi Bidi Bom Bom "]. I remember thinking," this song is going to be huge "because I felt it the way A.B. did." Bidi Bidi Bom Bom "was a woman's proud celebration of love. I wanted to create a radicalguitar solothat would truly blend ahard rocksound into a Tejano cumbia, in much the same way Selena and I had grown up in traditional families to become a contemporary couple. I wanted, more than anything, to support the rich, optimistic sound of Selena's singing with my guitar. The song worked on every level, and before long, "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom" took on a life of its own, becoming one of Selena's most beloved, most enduring hits. "

—Chris Pérez,To Selena, with Love[13]

Amor Prohibidowas recorded atManny Guerra's studio in San Antonio, Texas, and was engineered by Brian "Red" Moore.[14]The production ofAmor Prohibidolasted six months beginning on September 17, 1993.[Note 2]The recording schedule was squeezed in around touring commitments and the opening of Selena's boutiques, as Selena's husband and guitaristChris Pérezrecalled: "I don't even know how we managed to find time to make the next album."[13]According to Vela, progress stalled and the band had to rush to finish production because of an approaching deadline.[4]The first day of recording, which lasted until four in the morning, began with the sequencing of the keyboards.[17]The following days concluded with the band recording their respective parts before Selena recorded her vocals.[17]It then took two weeks to complete post-production.[4]Vela said that it was common for the band to rehearse all of the music in advance of the recording sessions, as the band's production sequence remained unchanged forAmor Prohibido.[4]Selena and the band recorded their parts in the studio after they had first perfected them during pre-production.[18]A.B. would then arrange and mix them,[18]using anAKAI MPC60 IIfortimingandtempocontrol before studiomixing instrumentswere used.[19]It took two weeks for Selena to record the album's ten tracks.[4]

Pérez provided an evocative account of working with Selena during the sessions forAmor Prohibido.[18]Pérez wrote how Selena never complained in the studio, adding that the singer was never recalcitrant towards changes. Selena would often arrive at the studio during the album's production, "hum her part a little", and then proceeded to the mall informing the band not to worry because she would "know what to do when [the band is] ready to record."[18]Nevertheless, Pérez explained that the band never had to approach Selena on changes in the studio as she disciplined herself and tracked her vocals while requesting a second take in order to "add little harmonies she'd create" during recording.[18]A.B. described his own creative process during the sessions in a 1994 interview withKMOL.[7]He would use atape recorderto hum amelodybefore creating a title and concept of a song.[19]If he caught himself humming a tune the next day "then it's catchy", and otherwise he "wouldn't use it."[7]A.B. also requested material fromRena Dearman,former keyboardist of the group, who provided several songs.[20]A.B. favored "I'll Be Alright" and wanted Selena to record the song forAmor Prohibido.[21]After it was rejected by EMI Latin because it was incoherent of the album's theme, A.B. suggested that it could be included in Selena's next Tejano recording.[21]

Pérez playing stand-up bass
Chris Pérez (pictured in 2012) took creative control on "Ya No"; adding electric guitar riffs and other musical styles into the recording.[4]

One song– "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom"–was improvised during a rehearsal starting off as a song with few, if any, lyrics.[22]The band's drummer, Selena's sisterSuzette Quintanilla,said "we were goofing off" and insisted that after A.B. began playing agrooveon his guitar,[23]Selena started singing, coming up with lyrics "as ideas came to her."[24]It started off with lyrics about a cheerful fish swimming freely in the ocean, which Astudillo likened to anursery rhyme,[25]organized around awah-wahguitarriffusing acrybabythat was improvised by Pérez.[4]The track, then called "Itty Bitty Bubbles",[26]became an extended jam during the band's concerts to prevent promoters from reducing their pay for playing for a shorter time than promised.[6]Selena performed the song at the La Feria concert inNuevo Leonin September 1993, a day before the singer and Astudillo began "[putting] the lyrics and melody together".[15]A.B. saw potential in the tune and "nipped and tucked what Selena [had already done]".[25]He joined as co-writer, writing theguitar solosfor Pérez, as well as the arrangements for the song.[27]A.B. called it "kinda a little scary" finding the project the first of its kind.[4]The day before the band was scheduled to record the album, A.B. approached Pérez and asked if he would be interested in working with Vela on "Ya No", a song that A.B. had written.[4]Pérez worked with Vela throughout the night improvising the drum sounds and programming the music for it, addingelectric guitarriffs, and complementing it with his own musical style.[4]Pérez was dumbfounded that despite A.B.'s assistance he had been given creative control over the track.[4]

The idea for the album's title track was Selena's own,[4]although Astudillo had at one time aspired to write atelenovela-esque song entitled "Amor Prohibido".[25]Together with A.B. and Astudillo, Selena began writing and recording a track based on a story about her great-grandparents.[28]The singer was inspired by love letters written by her great-grandmother who wrote about her experiences as a maid to the Calderon family, a wealthy family who lived inNueva Rosita,Mexico who immigrated from Spain,[28]and her infatuation with their son.[29]Her great-grandmother was forbidden to form a relationship with him because of her social class and described it as "forbidden love".[30]Astudillo feared that Selena's father would reject the song because of the lyrical content of disobeying one's parents to pursue true love, as Selena herself had done when eloping with Pérez in 1992.[25]Abraham heard "Amor Prohibido" after Selena recorded the track and enjoyed it, he found the lyrics to be relatable something "many families have gone through".[28]While recording the song, Selena hadad-libbed"oh whoa, baby". Her brother believed that the recording would not have been the same had she not added the "oh whoa, baby" part.[31]"Amor Prohibido" sampled thecencerro,which was intended by A.B., to attract people of different ethnicities to Selena's music.[32]The media attention following Selena's death led the Calderon family to Selena and the song "Amor Prohibido", they visited the family for the first time and traveled to Corpus Christi.[28]After falling in love with Suzette, and finding out about her marriage in September 1993, Vela wrote down how he felt; which he had kept private from her.[33]The resulting song was titled "No Me Queda Más"and it was given to Selena to record for the album.[33]According to Abraham, Selena provided an emotional delivery while recording the track and was seen sobbing in the recording studio because "she knew how [Vela] felt" about Suzette.[34]

During recording sessions for "Techno Cumbia",A.B. encouraged Selena torapwith aNew York accentsimilar toRosie Perez.[19]During a New York trip, A.B. heardthe Pretenders' 1983 single "Back on the Chain Gang"on the radio.[4]Concerned about the lack of material the band had to record for the album, and captivated by the idea of reworking "Back on the Chain Gang" into a Spanish-languagecumbiasong, A.B. asked Vela to write a translation of the lyrics.[4]After discovering that Selena had sampled her song, Pretenders' vocalistChrissie Hyndeprevented the band from releasingAmor Prohibidoand demanded a translation from Vela before she approved arights agreement.[4]At the time of Hynde's refusal, the band had $475,000 (1994 USD) of pre-sale copies in a warehouse that included "Fotos y Recuerdos".[6]Noticing it was the shortest track onAmor Prohibido,musicologist James Perone felt that "Fotos y Recuerdos" had "stripped some of the edge [sic] off of Hynde's text but retained the basic premise of [ "Back on the Chain Gang" ] ".[35]Perone complemented A.B.'sarrangementas "an example of [his] universal Latin approach."[35]

Composition

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"Amor Prohibido"
15-second sample of "Amor Prohibido" in which the lyrics of forbidden love between two people of differentsocial classescan be heard; critics found its lyrics to be ambiguous and theLGBT communityinterpreted them to be about prohibited love betweensame-sex couples.[36][37]
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Amor Prohibidocontains a more diverse collection of musical styles than Selena's previous work, ranging fromrancheratohip-hop music.[38][39]Music critics believe it is an album of various genres accessible to both traditional and contemporary Latin music fans.[40][41]Jeff Young, then-EMI Latin's sales director, labeledAmor Prohibidoas "Pop International", which Mark Schone ofNewsdaybelieved was a ploy by the company to broaden Selena's appeal.[42]Musicologist Matt Doeden found the album as having "a new sound" whose aim was to appeal to a broad audience.[43]Perone found the mixture of compositions on the album to be rock anddance music,[44]and according to Frank Hoffman in theEncyclopedia of Recorded Sound,the album exhibited the band's broad range of styles.[45]Newsweekfound the music inAmor Prohibidoto have combinedhouse music,cumbia,rock,dancehall,andnew wavethat was modernized in a kaleidoscopic form that embodied postmodern maelstrom of the mid-'90s.[12]Amor Prohibidodiverged from Selena's "stock-in-trade contemporary Tex-Mex sound."[46]Mario Tarradell ofThe Dallas Morning News,however, believed the title track and "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom" contained Selena's cheerful and enthusiastic personality that were prevalent in previous recordings.[47]The album's musical influences includesalsa,funk,R&B,[43]bubblegum pop,[48]teen pop,pop ballads,[46]techno,[11]a fusion ofreggaeand dancehall,[49]rock,polka,conjunto,[50]flamenco,mariachi,[51]corridos,[11]andTejano cumbia.[52]Tejano cumbia is used heavily throughoutAmor Prohibido.Author Ed Morales noticed its representation of the "cumbia sound" already established by Tejano bandLa Mafia,[53]thoughDonald Clarkefound Selena's delivery to be more of a modernizedsynthesizer-rich sound.[54]WhileAmor Prohibidois a cross-cultural musical fusion,[11]it remains an authentic Tejano recording,[53][55][56]which uses a minimalist style that was quintessential in early 1990s Tejano music.[53]

Selena called the recordings onAmor Prohibidoas "love songs[or songs about] getting your heartbroken ".[19]Lyrically, the title track "Amor Prohibido" encapsulates thesocial dividebetween a poverty-stricken woman and the man of unreachable rank with whom she has fallen in love.[57]The lyrics have been analyzed by authors, musicologists, and critics, who found them relevant to issues facing theLGBT community.[36][37]They are ambiguous, and have been interpreted to portray prohibited romance betweensame-sex couples,[37][58]modern society's views of romantic relationships,[53][59]and toRomeo & Juliet.[60]A review inThe Monitorfelt that the lyrics portrayed the forbidden love that Selena and Pérez hid from her overbearing father.[61]Musically, the titular song is "an emotional uptempo ballad" which showcases the singer's "passionate side".[46]In "Cobarde", the protagonist calls her partner a "coward" upon learning on his inability to face her after feeling reticent about his affair.[44]Two other tracks, "Ya No" and "Si Una Vez", delve into heartaches of failed relationships with the protagonist in the former song angrily refusing to take back a cheating partner.[44]Selena's vocals were called "strong [and] raspy" in "Si Una Vez".[62]Suzette particularly liked because Selena gave "that attitude" in the song.[34]

"Tus Desprecios" has a storyline typical of mariachi recordings, concerning dysfunctional and volatile relationships.[39]The track uses the traditional Tejano conjunto (small band) style and includes a trilling accordion motif.[14]On the day Selena recorded the song, she was suffering from abronchitisepisode.[63]Perone wrote that the song showed Selena's ease with pop, Latin, and Tejano styles.[39]Writing forThe Miami Herald,Mario Tarradell described "Tus Desprecios" and "Si Una Vez" as having a more traditional Tejano sound than the rest of the tracks onAmor Prohibidobut found them riddled with synthesizers anddigital processing.[64]Another track, "No Me Queda Más", uses the identical style of ranchera songs, with the female singer agonizing over the end of a relationship.[65][66]The lyrics explore anunrequited lovein which a woman wishes the best for her former lover despite her own agony.[57][66]Jose Felicianoexpress his take on the song, noting a sense of sorrowfulness in the lyrics, while finding cognitive parallels to Selena's life, and noticed a comparison of compositions that are typically recorded byPedro Infante.[67]Selena's voice was admired for being powerful and emotive, while her vocals were found to have been subdued and solemn and were sung in a desperate and emotional way.[57][66][68]Hispanicmagazine praised Selena's vocal interpretations in "No Me Queda Más", citing the singer's ability to tackle such a song reserved for established musicians twice her age.[46]

"Bidi Bidi Bom Bom"
"Bidi Bidi Bom Bom" draws on music fromthe Caribbean,features lusher arrangements and less driven,treblysynthesizers than the first four songs onAmor Prohibido.[44]It has since become one of her most recognizable recordings.[12]
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Joe Nick Patoski ofThe New York Times,recognized the melody of "Fotos y Recuerdos" from the Pretenders' new wave sound,[69]that played on arock en españolgroove surrounded withorgansand percussions which "transcend[ed] traditional Tejano sounds."[70]He also noticed that Pérez's lead guitar emulated the style of the Pretenders'James Honeyman-Scott.[69]Newsweekpraised Pérez' guitar solos and the lyrics on "Fotos y Recuerdos" which explored forbidden romance,[12]with the singer "cherishing memories of a relationship".[70]John LaFollette ofThe Monitorcalled Selena's simultaneous appeals tomulticulturalismand commerce in the song "as American as apple pie."[61]The track supplements rock and house rhythms withsynth-drivenstringsandlayersofpercussion,[45]includingsteel drumsunder a cumbiabeat.[35][66][71]Perone located suggestions ofJamaica,Cuba,andTrinidad and Tobago.[35]"Techno Cumbia" featured Selena rapping under a cumbia beat supplemented withcongas,hi-hats,techno samples,[19]andEBM.[12]Patoski acclaimed the band's new take on the cumbia rhythm, updated vocal samples, drums inspired fromNew Orleans,andhorn chartstaken fromsocafrom the Caribbean.[14]"Techno Cumbia" was praised as the first successful case of a cumbia-rap prototype in the industry.[46]"Bidi Bidi Bom Bom", which also draws on music from the Caribbean, features lusher arrangements and less driven,treblysynthesizers than the first four songs onAmor Prohibido.[44]Infused with cumbia and reggae,[72]itsonomatopoeictitle and its nonsensical lyrics suggests the sound of Selena's heart palpitating whenever she thought of her husband.[Note 3]Critics praised the song's catchiness and noted a sense of conviviality in the track.[73][74][75]"Bidi Bidi Bom Bom" is musically similar to "El Chico del Apartamento 512"; Perone noted a recurring theme of attraction to a young man.[44]The latter song'shookis more accessible to listeners with limited Spanish than that of "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom".[44]In "El Chico del Apartamento 512", called a "sunny pop anthem",[46]the protagonist is hit on by several men whom she has no interest in, except for the song's "boy in apartment 512". She finds enough courage to knock on his door to find it answered by a woman who asks if she is searching for her brother.[44]To Perone, the song's lightness represents a relief from the heartbreak and despair elsewhere on the album.[44]

Release and promotion

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Amor Prohibidowas released in the United States on March 22, 1994.[Note 4]The release followed a recording contract with EMI Latin's pop divisionSBK Records,who aimed Selena tocrossoverinto mainstreamAmerican popmusic, in November 1993.[81]After this news reachedBillboardmagazine,Amor Prohibidowas given a spotlight feature in its album reviews which called its release a continuation of her "torrid streak."[50]While Mark Holston ofHispanicmagazine, wrote that the album's release reinforced her reputation as one of the leading Hispanic singers of the 1990s.[46]With EMI Latin's president Jose Behar requesting enhancements to their commercial appeal,[82]the band gave Argentine arrangerBebu Silvettithe song "No Me Queda Más" to be reworked into a pop-style track for its single release in October 1994.[33]Amor Prohibidowas subsequently re-released with a red sticker indicating that it included a "new version" of the song.[83]In aBillboardinterview, Behar said that "No Me Queda Más" was "internalized" without affecting the originality of its recording.[82]During the twenty-year celebration of Selena releasing music,Amor Prohibidowas repackaged and was made available for physical anddigitalpurchase on September 22, 2002.[83]The limited edition version included Selena's duet withthe Barrio Boyzzon their 1994 single "Donde Quiera Que Estés",music videos for" Amor Prohibido "and" No Me Queda Más ", as well as spokenliner notescontaining commentary and recollections of each track provided by the singer's family, friends, and her band.[83]

After featuring on "Donde Quiera Que Estés", Selena went on a mini-tour with the Barrio Boyzz that enabled her to visit New York City,Argentina,Puerto Rico,theDominican Republic,andCentral America,where she was not well known.[84][85]In September 1994, Selena sold out the 10,000 seatsD.C. ArmoryinWashington, DC,with mostly Central Americans in attendance.[86]Daniel Bueno, who organized the event, toldThe Washington Postthat Central Americans loathe Tejano music and thought that the addition of reggae andtropical musicinto her repertoire had helped her appeal to Central Americans.[86]Nelly Carrion, a journalist for theWashington Hispanic,expressed how the audience resonated emotionally towards Selena's performance and stressed how people were desperate to touch Selena, forcing her act to be suspended.[86]Selena made several appearances on television and in live shows to promoteAmor Prohibido.Most notably, her performance at theHouston Astrodomeon February 26, 1995, has been called one of her best.[87]The event was critically praised for breaking attendance records set bycountry musicmusiciansVince Gill,Reba McEntire,andGeorge Strait.[88][89]Her performance in the Astrodome was emulated byJennifer Lopezin her role as the singer in the1997 biopic.[90]The singer appeared at theCalle Ocho Festivalin Miami, with an estimated 100,000 in attendance breaking previous audience records.[88][91]Her performance on a November 1994 episode ofSabado Gigantewas ranked among the most memorable moments in the show's 53-year history.[92]Selena performed "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom", "No Me Queda Más", "El Chico del Apartamento 512", and "Si Una Vez" on theJohnny Canales Show,which was later released as part of the host's "favorite songs" on DVD.[93]Selena's performance of "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom" on July 31, 1994, atSix Flags AstroWorldwas the subject of a video released by theHouston Chroniclefor their segment "On This Forgotten Day".[94]Ramiro Burr, ofBillboard,called the singer's tour for her album a "tour de force".[95]The concerts established Selena as one of Latin music's most successful contemporary acts.[96]

Singles

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Tracks released from the album continued the singer's streak of US number-one singles. The title track, "Amor Prohibido", was the album'slead singlereleased on April 13, 1994.[97]The song peaked at number one on theBillboardHot Latin Songschart the week ending June 11 – her first number one as a solo artist – and remained atop the chart for nine consecutive weeks becoming themost successful US Latin single of 1994.[98][99]"Amor Prohibido" was certified 7× platinum by theRecording Industry Association of America(RIAA) denoting sales of 420,000 digital units.[100]"Bidi Bidi Bom Bom" followed in July, reaching the top of the chart in its eleventh week on October 29, it remained at number one for four consecutive weeks,[101]and was certified 9× platinum by the RIAA for sales of 540,000 digital copies.[100]"No Me Queda Más" was released in November peaking at number one for seven nonconsecutive weeks.[102]The single fared better in 1995, remaining entrenched in the top ten on the Hot Latin Songs chart for twelve consecutive weeks,[103]earning it the title ofBillboard'smost successful US Latin single that year.[98]The track was certified quadruple platinum by the RIAA for digital sales of 240,000 units.[100]The album's final single "Fotos y Recuerdos", released in January 1995, peaked at number one following theshooting death of Selenaon March 31, 1995.[104]At the time of her death, the song was at number four.[105]"Fotos y Recuerdos" peaked and remained atop the Hot Latin Songs chart for seven weeks,[106]finishing the year as the second most played track in the US trailing "No Me Queda Más".[98]The song was certified platinum by the RIAA for digital sales of 60,000 copies.[100]Although not released as singles fromAmor Prohibido,"Techno Cumbia" was certified platinum by the RIAA for sales of 60,000 digital units, "El Chico del Apartamento 512" was certified double platinum for selling 120,000 copies, while "Si Una Vez" received a triple-platinum certification for 180,000 copies sold.[100]

Mario Tarradell ofThe Dallas Morning Newswrote that the singles fromAmor Prohibidoelevated Selena to success on Latin radio whose promoters had not previously taken the singer seriously.[107]"Bidi Bidi Bom Bom" was ranked number 54 on theDallas Observer's list of the Best Texas Songs of All-time.[108]The song was listed as an honorable mention onBillboard's top ten list of best Tejano songs of all-time, while "No Me Queda Más" ranked ninth.[109]Lisa Leal ofKVTVsaid that "No Me Queda Más" and "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom", continue to be popular with fans and are Spanish-language counterparts ofthe Beatles' 1965 single, "Yesterday",in fan popularity.[110]Author Kristine Burns also considered that the two aforementioned singles aided the growth of Selena's fan base.[111]"Bidi Bidi Bom Bom" was the most-played song fromAmor Prohibidoon Mexican radio,[65]and remains aLatin popandAmerican popstandard.[70]"Fotos y Recuerdos" has been recognized as the singer's "best-known dance tracks",[70]while "Amor Prohibido" was popular on radios across Spanish-speaking countries.[112]"Techno Cumbia", considered a stable in the 1990s for family gatherings in South Texas,[70]is believed by musicologists to have spearheaded a new style of music.[Note 5]Following the 16th anniversary of the album's release, a readers poll inThe Monitorsaw participants choosing "No Me Queda Más" and "Fotos y Recuerdos" as their top picks, saying they "loved the feeling and musicianship in those two songs."[30]Three tracks onAmor Prohibidoranked amongBillboard's Greatest Hot Latin Songs of All-Time list in 2016, including "No Me Queda Más" at number 13, "Fotos y Recuerdos" at number 29, and "Amor Prohibido" at number 46.[116]The majority of the recordings found onAmor Prohibidohave been named Selena'ssignature songsincluding the title track,[117]"Bidi Bidi Bom Bom",[57]"Fotos y Recuerdos",[118]and "Si Una Vez".[117]

Critical reception

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Reviews

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Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[119]
Entertainment WeeklyB[120]
The MonitorA[61]
Pitchfork9.1/10[121]
San Antonio Express-NewsA[122]
Spin[123]

The vast majority of contemporary reviews were positive. Critics atThe New York Timesoverwhelmingly praised the album: Peter Watrous felt it stayed honest to her "country, working-class constituency"[124]and Greg Kot praised its "contemporary snap",[125]while Joe Nick Patoski hailedAmor Prohibidoas a "watershed" recording from a supergroup at the top of its game.[14]Others, such asAllMusic'sStephen Thomas Erlewine,musicologist James Perone, and music editor Mario Tarradell panned the album initially before coming to viewAmor Prohibidopositively. Tarradell called Selena "Miss Mexican Lite" and criticized the lack of songs true to regional Mexican music,[64]before calling the album "delightfully infectious".[48]Perone felt the album sounded dated, despite providing ample evidence of the singer's appeal,[44]whereas Erlewine characterizedAmor Prohibidoas "slightly uneven" and praised Selena's success at recording the weaker material. Erlewine would later describeAmor Prohibidoas Selena's strongest album, and an effective introduction to her work that highlighted her successful interpretation of the Tejano sound.[76]Walter Martinez fromLatin Styleopined thatAmor Prohibidocontained tracks that deviated from regional Mexican or Tejano music.[126]In response to Martinez's observation, Selena explained that she and the band experimented withAmor Prohibido,but songs like "Cobarde" still encompassed elements of Tejano andnorteñomusic. Selena attributed her success to the diverse genres that she and the band explored in their albums while maintaining a "Mexicano"essence. WithAmor Prohibido,Selena noted that the album possessed a pop ambiance, influenced by her exposure to both English and Spanish music during her formative years. She concurred that the album is not strictly "hard-core Tex-Mex or Mexican", which she perceived as a key factor in her and her band's success, as their distinctive sound strayed from tradition.[126]

The album's sound received positive reviews. Described by author Ed Morales as a "subtle evolution",[53]and byThe Dallas Morning Newsas "delightfully infectious, hummable [and] ultra radio-friendly",[48]the tracks were summarized and praised byThe Monitoras "romantic, charming and ebullient."[61]Billboardcharacterized the album's sound to be transparent for those unfamiliar with its musical diversity,[51]while theHouston ChroniclemarveledAmor Prohibido's ability at retaining its innovative sound well into the 21st century;[127]a sound which was "light years ahead" of the singer's contemporaries.[128]The singer's "seductive alto" was described as at a peak of expression.[61]TheSan Antonio Express-Newscollectively praised the band as being at their "creative peak", while A.B.'s production was highlighted by theRolling Stonewho labeled it the "Selena sound" that would have made the singer a dominant force on the music charts had it not been for her death.[49]Amor Prohibidohinted of a "pop potential",[129]an opinion echoed by author Matt Doeden, who felt that the recording exhibited Selena's potential to become the genre's first pop musician.[43]

Many critics foundAmor Prohibidoto have been Selena's best work,[12][53][130][131]calling it her band's "crowning achievement."[129]Other reviews called the work the singer's "blockbusteralbum ",[132][133]her signature album,[134]a "career-defining" release,[135]her "most interesting" and "sleekest" record,[123][120]a "desert island album" for fans,[136]calling it a "notch up" in her career,[137]a "landmark",[138]a "victory" recording,[139]a "sultry, regional anthem."[140]and an "overnight sensation".[141]

Recognition

[edit]

At the time of its release,Amor Prohibidowas regarded as very popular in Hispanic communities,[44]albeit one that exemplified a generational split within the Tejano market at the time.[14]Musicians found contemporary Tejano more sophisticated and noticed that it was unnecessary to explore their roots to have successful recordings.[14]A.B.'s musical production of fusing and blending urban musical compositions inAmor Prohibido,revolutionized Tejano music.[28][142]WithAmor Prohibido,Selena brought Tejano music to unprecedented levels of mainstream success.[48][51][87][143]The album was considered one of the first Latin recordings that were enjoyed in the United States during the 1990s Latin explosion,[12]a period known as the golden age ofLatin musicwhich was fueled by the singer's death in 1995.[144]Amor Prohibidopopularized Tejano music among a younger and wider audience than at any other time in the genre's history.[11][145][146]The album was instrumental in popularizing Tejano music and has been credited for "[putting] Tejano music on the map."[11]Amor Prohibidowas called the first record many young Hispanic females bought "with lyrics in the language [their] blood is rooted in."[147]WithAmor Prohibido,Selena provided a voice and exhibited the experiences ofLatinos in the United States.[11]At the time of its release, the album was aimed to surpass limitations in the music industry, ultimately becoming "an ageless cultural symbol".[11]

After the album's release, Selena was considered "bigger than Tejano itself", and was credited for tearing down barriers in the Latin music market.[11][143]Amor Prohibidoestablished Selena as a figure in American pop music.[12]Critics felt the recording elevated Selena among the leading females in the Latin music sector and established her as a leading performer among young singers with mainstream appeal.[148][149]Mario Tarradell ofThe Dallas Morning Newsbelieved Selena had "conquered the Latin pop landscape",[150]while Herón Márquez called it a "landmark success".[151]In a November 1994Billboardissue,Amor Prohibidowas named, among other Latin recordings, as an example to show thatAmerican Latinoswere able to sell albums in English-speaking markets across the US that had historically overlooked Latin music.[148]According to Gisela Orozco of theChicago Tribune,Selena became the most successful Tejano musician following the album's release.[152]Amor Prohibidowas played in its entirety at the 25th anniversary of the D.C. Latino Festival in July 1995, which followed her death in March of that year.[153]

The album appeared on Tom Moon's list of the1,000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die: A Listener's Life List(2008).[154]TheSeattle Post-IntelligencerincludedAmor Prohibidoon its list of the best-produced albums of 1994,[155]while theHouston Pressplaced it on its list of the best Texas albums of the past 30 years.[156]Amor Prohibidowas ranked ninth out of ten on Latin music critic Mario Tarradell's list of the best Latin music albums of the 1990s.[157]BuzzFeed rankedAmor Prohibidonumber 22 on its list of the "35 Old-School Latino Albums You Probably Forgot About".[158]Billboardmagazine rankedAmor Prohibidoamong the most essential Latin recordings of the past 50 years,[51]and included it on its list of the top 100 albums of all-time.[159]In 2017,NPRrankedAmor Prohibidoat number 19 on their list of the 150 greatest albums made by women, the highest-ranking album by a female Latin artist, and ninth highest-ranking recording by a woman of color.[11]Music and media outlets,BuzzFeed,Billboard,andApple Music,commemorated the album's 25th anniversary in March 2019.[160]Other media outlets, such asEntertainment Tonightand theHouston Chrionicle,interviewed Jennifer Lopez,Ally Brooke,Cierra Ramirez,Natti Natasha,Anitta,Farina,Angela Aguilar,Becky G,andKam Franklinon their take ofAmor Prohibidoand the singer's impact on their careers.[128][160]In an interview withBillboard,Mexican singerDanna Paolaspoke about howAmor Prohibidowas the first album she ever bought.[161]American soul singer Kam Franklin called the record as "one of the greatest albums of all time".[128]In the updated edition ofRolling Stonemagazine'sThe 500 Greatest Albums of All Time,the album ranked at number 479.[162]

Accolades

[edit]

Selena dominated the1995 Tejano Music Awards,winning every category in which she was eligible.[163]Amor Prohibidowon theTejano Music Award for Album of the Year – Orchestra,[163]while the title track won Record of the Year andSingle of the Year.[164]"Bidi Bidi Bom Bom" wasSong of the Year,while "Techno Cumbia" received the award for Best Crossover Song.[164]Amor Prohibidoreceived a nomination forBest Mexican-American Albumat the37th Annual Grammy Awards.[163]Music criticChuck Philips,believed Selena was "thepolitically correctcandidate "to win the Grammy," with all the heavy media coverage she [had] received in the last two years [1992-94] ".[165]At thePremio Lo Nuestro 1995,the album wonBest Regional Mexican Albumand its titular single wonRegional Mexican Song of the Year.[166]At the second annualBillboardLatin Music Awardsin 1995, it won Regional Mexican Album of the Year, Female and its namesake song won Regional Mexican Song of the Year while "No Me Queda Más" received the award for Music Video of the Year.[38]Amor Prohibidowas nominated for Album of the Year at the 1995 Desi Entertainment Awards, while the title track was nominated for Spanish-language Song of the Year.[167]At the 1995 Pura Vida Hispanic Music Awards, music industry professionals voted for that year's Best Album for which they awarded toAmor Prohibidoalong with "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom" which took Music Video of the Year and Song of the Year honors.[168]

Commercial performance

[edit]

Chart history

[edit]

Amor Prohibidodebuted at number three on the USBillboardTop Latin Albumschart the week ending April 9, 1994.[169]The following week it rose to number two and received the greatest jump in sales for that week.[169]In an interview withBillboard,A.B. was frustrated that the album had yet reached number one. He explained that they were limited in their capabilities with Tejano music and spoke about his excitement whenAmor Prohibidofinally topped the chart, saying the event "was a big thing [for us]."[10]Amor Prohibidopeaked at number one in its tenth week, becoming the second album to place first on the newly formed Top Latin Albums chart displacing Cuban singerGloria Estefan'sMi Tierrafrom the top spot.[170]Sales were so vigorous it nearly entered the USBillboard200and became the first Tejano record to peak at number one on the Top Latin Albums chart.[171]The event marked Selena as the "hottest artist in the Latino market."[171]The following week, the album entered theBillboard200 chart at number 183, becoming the first record by a non-crossover act to do so since Mexican singerLuis Miguel's albumAries(1993).[172]The album also became the first recording by a Tejano singer to chart on theBillboard200.[173]Mario Tarradell ofThe Dallas Morning Newscalled the event "groundbreaking" and namedAmor Prohibidoas one of the most popular Latin recordings of 1994.[48]Amor ProhibidoandMi Tierraswitched back and forth between the first and second positions on the Top Latin Albums chart for five consecutive weeks.[174]

On July 16, the album debuted at number 18 on the USBillboardHeatseekers Albumschart and ranked number one in the South Central United States region.[175]By May 1994,Amor Prohibidohad outsold other competing Tejano albums and lead the list of best-selling Tejano records of 1994.[176]Amor Prohibidobecame the singer's third consecutive album to outsell men in the Tejano market who historically were unchallenged by women.[177][178]By June 1994,Amor ProhibidooutsoldZZ TopandWillie Nelson's recent releases in the state of Texas.[179]Within 19 weeks of its release, the album outsold her previous recordings.[180]It was selling 2,000 units a week in Mexico,[181]while Selena was growing a following inCanadafollowing the release ofAmor Prohibido.[182]By November 1994 a report byBillboardshowed the singer was one of the top-selling acts in Mexico.[148]Amor Prohibidofinished 1994 as thefourth best-selling US Latin albumand the best-selling regional Mexican album.[101]After 48 weeks at number one on the USBillboardRegional Mexican Albumschart,Amor Prohibidowas displaced byBronco'sRompiendo Barreras.[183]The recording became the second Tejano album to reach year-end sales of 500,000 copies, a feat that previously had only been accomplished by La Mafia.[166]Despite this, Nielsen Soundscan reported that the recording actually sold 184,000 units by April 1995.[184][Note 6]According to Behar, sales figures Nielsen Soundscan provides do not include sales in small shops specializing in Latin music.[185][186]Before Selena was murdered in March 1995, the album remained in the top five on the Top Latin Albums chart for 53 consecutive weeks.[184]Album sales in the four weeks preceding her death were slightly above 2,000 units a week.[187]In the week immediately before her death,Amor Prohibidosold 1,700 units.[188]In Mexico,Amor Prohibidosold 400,000 units by April 1995,[104]and subsequently received a gold certification.[189]

Posthumous commercial performance

[edit]

Media attention had helped increased sales ofAmor Prohibidoas well as her back catalogue.[184]As a result, EMI Latin increased the production of the singer's albums at their Los Angeles, California, and Greensboro, North Carolina plants.[190]In the hours immediately after her death, it was the most requested album by people in music stores looking for her work.[191]AnAustin, Texasmusic retailer expressed howAmor Prohibidosold more units in the first month following her death "than it did the entire year it was out."[192]This was echoed by a music wholesaler in Manhattan, who constantly sold out of Selena's albums the same day they received them, telling the local newspaper that "It used to be just the Mexicans [in Manhattan]. Now everybody likes her."[42]InMcAllen, Texas,music shops reported that people bought the singer's earlier works thanAmor Prohibido,citing that "most fans already have her latest [album]".[193]Music stores in Washington, DC, reportedly sold out ofAmor Prohibidowithin days of her murder.[86]The album reached number one for the fifth time on April 15, 1995, with sales of 12,040 units - a 580% increase over the previous week.[184]The record subsequently re-entered theBillboard200 chart at number 92 and at number one on the Regional Mexican Albums chart.[184]The album sold an additional 28,238 units (a 136% increase) and rose to number 36 on theBillboard200 chart.[187]Amor Prohibidopeaked at number 29 during its fifth week on theBillboard200.[194]The event was "a rare feat" for a non-English album in the United States.[195]The album jumped from number 20 to number six on the list of the best-selling albums inSouthern Californiain the week following her death.[196]The recording eventually ranked second on their list of the best-selling albums in the state.[197]In a June 1995 report,Amor Prohibidowas the second best-selling record in Puerto Rico.[198]Amor Prohibidoand her 1992 studio albumEntre a Mi Mundo,rose 1,250% in sales in the eight weeks following her murder.[199]The album helped increase local record shops in Texas who were "selling more than when [Selena] was alive".[200]Amor Prohibidoremained at number one on the Top Latin Albums chart for 16 weeks following her death until the release of her crossover albumDreaming of Youreplaced it on August 5.[201]The album remained behindDreaming of Youfor seven weeks.[202]By the end of 1995,Amor Prohibidoranked second toDreaming of Youfor the best-selling Latin album for that year,[203]and remained the best-selling regional Mexican recording for three consecutive years.[204]

After 98 weeks the album dropped from the top five on the Top Latin Albums chart,[205]though it remained within the top ten for 12 additional weeks.[206]Amor Prohibidoholds the record for most weeks at number one on the Regional Mexican Albums chart at 97 weeks,[207][208]and is the only album to reach number one in four different calendar years.[Note 7]Amor Prohibidobecame the ninth best-selling Latin album of 1996,[204]and ranked as the second best-selling Latin catalog album of 1997,[211]while in 1998 it placed third.[212]Billboard's revised catalog criteria made it ineligible for the Top Latin Albums and Regional Mexican Albums chart on January 18, 1997. The album was removed from the list and began charting on the newly formed Latin Catalog Albums chart positioned at number two.[213]Since 1997, the album has spent 13 nonconsecutive weeks at number one on the Top Latin Catalog Albums chart including three weeks in 2010.[214]Following another revision to its Latin albums charts,Billboardremoved its two-decade-long ban of catalog albums in its chart beginning with the February 11, 2017 list;Amor Prohibidore-entered the Top Latin Albums and Regional Mexican Albums chart after 20 years.[215][216][217]Still popular today,Nielsen SoundScanreported thatAmor Prohibidowas the ninth best-selling Latin record of 2016.[218]After its revision,Amor Prohibidoreclaimed the number one position on the Regional Mexican Albums chart in May 2017.[210]Amor Prohibidowas the first album by a woman to claim the top position sinceJenni Rivera'sPaloma Negra Desde Monterrey(2016).[219]Amor Prohibidobecame thelast album by a womanto claim the top spot until Rivera's daughterChiquis Riveradebuted atop the chart in March 2018.[220]As of 2018, the album has spent twenty weeks atop the Top Latin Albums chart, which is the ninth most weeks an album has spent at number one.[221]Amor Prohibidohas spent 111 weeks within the top ten of the Top Latin Albums chart, which is the second most weeks behind American singerRomeo Santos'Formula, Vol. 2(2014).[222]

In May 1995, theRecording Industry Association of America(RIAA)certifiedthe album gold, for shipments of 500,000 units.[223]Within three weeks, it was certified platinum for increments of one million units.[224]Amor Prohibidobecame the first Tejano record to receive a platinum certification.[188]TheSydney Morning Heraldcalled the event "an achievement" for a Spanish-language album which was not "the music industry's language of choice."[140]By June 1995, it had sold 1.5 million units in the US,[Note 8]of which 100,000 were sold in Puerto Rico alone.[198]In March 2011, the RIAA updated its certification ofAmor Prohibidoas double Diamond during an unveiling of theUnited States Postal Service'sforever stampshonoring Selena and several other Hispanic/Latino Americans.[231]The album was remastered for its 30th anniversary, selling 11,000 units across multiple configurations. It debuted at number four on the USTop Album Saleschart on the week ending July 20, 2024, achieving its highest peak position.Amor Prohibidodebuted atop the USTop Vinyl Albumschart, marking her second number-one title in this category, and debuted at number 20 on the USTop Catalog Albumschart, and returned to theBillboard200 chart at number 69.[232][233]As of March 2024,the album has been certified 41× platinum (Latin), denoting 2.46 millionalbum-equivalent unitssold.[100]Amor Prohibidois the second-highestcertified Latin album in the United Statestrailing only her posthumous albumDreaming of You(1995).[234]Amor Prohibidois the fourthbest-selling Latin album of all-time in the USwith over 1.246 million copies sold as of October 2017.[235]The album has sold over 2.5 million copies worldwide.[236]The recording has been ranked as the best-selling Tejano album of the 1990s,[130]and the best-selling Tejano album of all-time.[141][188][237]

Track listing

[edit]

Credits adapted from the liner notes ofAmor Prohibido.[4]

No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Amor Prohibido"
2:49
2."No Me Queda Más"Ricky Vela
  • Quintanilla III
  • Silvetti
3:17
3."Cobarde"José Luis BorregoBorrego2:50
4."Fotos y Recuerdos"
Quintanilla III2:33
5."El Chico Del Apartamento 512"
  • Quintanilla III
  • Vela
Quintanilla III3:28
6."Bidi Bidi Bom Bom"
  • Selena
  • Astudillo
Quintanilla III3:25
7."Techno Cumbia"
  • Quintanilla III
  • Astudillo
Quintanilla III3:43
8."Tus Desprecios"
  • Quintanilla III
  • Vela
Quintanilla III3:24
9."Si Una Vez"
  • Quintanilla III
  • Astudillo
Quintanilla III2:42
10."Ya No"
  • Quintanilla III
  • Vela
Quintanilla III3:56
Total length:35:27
2002 re-release bonus tracks
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
11."Donde Quiera Que Estés"(duet withBarrio Boyzz)
4:29
12."Spoken Liner Notes" (commentary recollections provided by Selena's family, friends, and her band.)Nir SeroussiSuzette Quintanilla24:02
13."Amor Prohibido" (music video)
  • Selena
  • Quintanilla III
  • Astudillo
Sean Roberts2:50
14."No Me Queda Más" (music video)VelaRoberts3:49

Credits and personnel

[edit]

Credits adapted from the liner notes ofAmor Prohibido.[4]

Instruments
Technical and production credits

Charts

[edit]

Weekly charts

[edit]

Year-end charts

[edit]
Chart (1994) Position
US Top Latin Albums[101] 4
US Regional Mexican Albums[101] 1
Chart (1995) Position
USBillboard200[203] 164
US Top Latin Albums[203] 2
US Regional Mexican Albums[203] 1
Chart (1996) Position
US Top Latin Albums[204] 6
US Regional Mexican Albums[204] 1
Chart (1997) Position
US Latin Catalog Albums[211] 2
Chart (1998) Position
US Latin Catalog Albums[212] 3
Chart (2012) Position
US Latin Catalog Albums[243] 6
Chart (2013) Position
US Latin Catalog Albums[244] 17
Chart (2014) Position
US Latin Catalog Albums[245] 14
Chart (2015) Position
US Latin Catalog Albums[246] 4
Chart (2016) Position
US Latin Catalog Albums[247] 4
Chart (2017) Position
US Top Latin Albums[248] 32
US Regional Mexican Albums[249] 9
US Latin Catalog Albums[250] 3
Chart (2018) Position
US Top Latin Albums[251] 76
US Latin Catalog Albums[252] 6
Chart (2019) Position
US Latin Catalog Albums[253] 5

Certifications and sales

[edit]
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Mexico (AMPROFON)[254] 3× Gold 400,000[104]
United States (RIAA)[100] 41× Platinum (Latin) 1,246,000[235]
Summaries
Worldwide 2,500,000[236]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Amor Prohibidois the final studio release by Selena, however, herDreaming of Youstudio album was released after her death in July 1995.
  2. ^According to A.B. the entire production ofAmor Prohibidotook six months to complete before it was released in March 1994, which translates to September 1993.[4]According to Chris Pérez, the band performed the original English version of "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom" at their Nuevo Leon concert that September 1993. He explicitly said that he did not remember the exact date for which the band began production ofAmor Prohibido.Though he expressed that the day after their Nuevo Leon concert, the band began production ofAmor Prohibidowith the finishing touches to "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom" into a Spanish-language Tejano cumbia song.[15]Biographer Joe Nick Patoski wrote that the date of the Nuevo Leon concert was September 16, 1993.[16]
  3. ^Authors Prampolini and Pinazzi (2013) and Patoski (2020) wrote their interpretation of "Bidi Bidi Bom Bom" as the sound of a heart palpitating when a person longs to be the protagonist's object of affection. They called the title "onomatopoeic" and its lyrics as "nonsensical".[52][70]However, in aSabado Giganteinterview, Selena said that the palipations were of her own whenever she thought of her husband Chris Pérez.[26]
  4. ^According to music-authoritativeAllMusic,Amor Prohibidowas released on March 13, 1994,[76]though Ramiro Burr of theSan Antonio Express-Newswrote that the album was released on March 14, 1994,[77]however, this contradicts the re-released liner notes in 2002 where the album was said to have been released on March 27, 1994.[4]Newspapers at the time of its release, place the street date in April 1994,[78][79]with the earliest promotional ad running for the album was inThe Galveston Daily Newson April 15, 1994.[80]
  5. ^According toSan Antonio Express-NewsandBillboardLatin music correspondent, Ramiro Burr found Selena to have "established one of the early templates for pop-cumbia-rap fusions".[113]Ed Morales found "Techno Cumbia" to have marked Selena's "work with a different accent".[114]Matt Doeden found the song to be a "new style" of music altogether,[43]while Herón Márquez wrote that it "signaled a new style of Tejano music."[115]
  6. ^Nielsen Soundscan previously reported thatAmor Prohibidosold 200,000 units in the United States in November 1994.[148]
  7. ^In March 2005,Billboardreported thatAmor Prohibidoremained the only album to reach number one on the Regional Mexican Albums chart in three different calendar years.[209]AfterBillboardremoved its ban of catalog titles in its Latin music charts in February 2017,Amor Prohibidoclaimed the top spot of the Regional Mexican Albums chart that May.[210]
  8. ^According to Patoski,Amor Prohibidosold 1.5 million copies by June 1995, a source he obtained fromTimemagazine.[225]While Behar, then-president of EMI Latin, said the album "nearly sold" that amount by November 1995.[226]According toNielsen SoundScan,Amor Prohibidohas sold 1.246 million copies as of October 2017.The company, at one point in the 1990s, did not include sales from retail giants such asWal-Mart.[227]According toLeila Cobo,"many" shops that specializes in Latin music are not reported to Nielsen.[228]Additionally, Nielsen SoundScan does not include sales from malls (i.e.,FYE), discounted or sale priced CDs below 50% of the suggestedlist price,bulk purchases by a single individual,[229]mom and pop shops,[185]small retailers without electroniccash registers,and nontraditional outlets such asflea marketsanddrugstoresare not reported to SoundScan.[230]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Moreno & Ramirez 2016.
  2. ^"RIAA".Recording Industry Association of America.
  3. ^Patoski 1996,p. 120.
  4. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxQuintanilla 1994.
  5. ^Arrarás 1997,p. 49–50.
  6. ^abcdFlores 2015.
  7. ^abcBeamer 1995.
  8. ^Malone 2003,p. 158.
  9. ^Tarradell 1997.
  10. ^abcRamirez 2015.
  11. ^abcdefghijkDiaz-Hurtado 2017.
  12. ^abcdefghAnon. 2018,p. 40.
  13. ^abPérez 2012,p. 238.
  14. ^abcdefPatoski 1996,p. 125.
  15. ^abPérez 2012,pp. 226–228.
  16. ^Patoski 1996,p. 103.
  17. ^abDel Toro 2005,p. 23.
  18. ^abcdePérez 2012,p. 232.
  19. ^abcdeJames 1994.
  20. ^Patoski 1996,p. 105.
  21. ^abPatoski 1996,p. 106.
  22. ^Arrarás 1997,p. 66.
  23. ^Anon. & 2008 (a).
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  77. ^Burr & 1994 (c),p. 1F.
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  79. ^Burr & 1994 (b),p. 2H.
  80. ^Anon. & 1994 (e),p. 25.
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  83. ^abcErlewine & n.d. (b).
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Works cited

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