Jump to content

Anglo

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, seeAnglo (disambiguation).
Not to be confused withAngelo.

Anglois a prefix indicating a relation to, or descent fromEngland,English culture,theEnglish peopleor theEnglish language,such as in the termAnglosphere.It is often used alone, somewhat loosely, to refer to people ofBritishdescent inAnglo-America,theAnglophone Caribbean,South Africa,Namibia,Australia,andNew Zealand.It is used inCanadato differentiate between French-speaking Canadians (Francophones), located mainly inQuebecbut found across Canada, and English-speaking Canadians (Anglophones), also located across Canada, including in Quebec. It is also used in theUnited Statesto distinguish theLatinopopulation from the non-Latino white majority.

Anglo is aLate Latinprefixused to denoteEnglish-in conjunction with anothertoponymordemonym.The word isderivedfrom Anglia, the Latin name for England and still used in the modern name for its eastern region,East Anglia.It most likely refers to theAngles,aGermanicpeople originating in the north GermanpeninsulaofAngeln,that is, the region of today's Lower Saxony that joins theJutlandPeninsula. (There are also various hypotheses for the origin of the name 'Angeln'.) The first recorded use of the word in Latin is in Tactitus'sGermania,where he mentions the "Angles" as aSuebiantribe living near the Elbe.Bedewrites that the Angles came from a place called Angulus "which lies between the province of theJutesand theSaxons."Anglia and England both meanland of theEnglish.

It is also often used to refer toBritishin historical and other contexts after theActs of Union 1707,for example such as in theAnglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824,where in later years agreement was between the British government and the Dutch, not an English government. Typical examples of this use are also shown below, where non-English people from the British Isles are described as beingAnglo.

Anglois not an easily defined term. For traditionalists, there arelinguisticproblems with using the word as an adjective or noun on its own. For example, the purpose of the-oending is to enable the formation of a compound term (for exampleAnglo-Saxonmeaning of English andSaxonorigin), so there is only an apparent parallelism between, for example,Latinoand Anglo. However, asemantic changehas taken place in many English-speaking regions so that in informal usage the meanings listed below are common. The definition is changed in each region which defines how it is identified.

Specialized usage

[edit]

Africa

[edit]
See also:British diaspora in Africa

The termAnglo-Africanhas been used historically toself-identifyby people of mixedBritishand African ancestry born in theUnited Statesand inAfrica.[1][2][3][4]The Anglo-AfricanandThe Weekly Anglo-Africanwere the names of newspapers published byAfrican AmericanabolitionistRobert Hamilton (1819–1870) inNew Yorkduring theAmerican Civil Warera.[5][6][7]The Anglo-Africanwas also the name of a newspaper published inLagos(now part ofNigeria) from 1863 to 1865. It was founded and edited by Robert Campbell (1829–1884), aJamaicanborn son of aScottishfather andMulattomother.[8][9]The term has also been used historically to describe people living in theBritish Empirein Africa.[10][11]The Anglo-African Who's Who and Biographical Sketch-Bookpublished inLondonin 1905 includes details of prominentBritishandAfrikanerpeople in Africa at that time.[12]

Australia

[edit]
Main article:Anglo-Celtic Australian

In Australia,Anglois used as part of the termsAnglo-AustralianandAnglo-Celtic,which refer to the majority of Australians, who are of English, Scottish,Welshand Irish descent.[13]

Canada

[edit]

InCanada,and especially inCanadian French,Anglophoneis widely used to designate someone whosemother tongueis English, as opposed toFrancophone,which describes someone whose mother tongue is French, and toAllophone,which describes someone whose mother tongue is a language other than English or French.Anglo-Métisis also sometimes used to refer to an ethnic group.

Israel

[edit]

Jewish immigrants makingAliyahto theState of Israelare sometimes referred to asAnglos.[14]

Scotland

[edit]

InScotland,and in related cultures, the termAnglo-Scot,sometimes shortened toAnglo or Anglos,is used to refer to people with some permutation of mixed Scottish-English ancestry, association and/or birth; such as English people of Scottish descent, Scottish people of English descent, or heavilyAnglicisedmembers of theScottish nobilitywho are indistinguishable from English members of theBritish upper classand speak with aReceived Pronunciation,or other elite Southron accent.

A great number of Anglo-Scots have made their mark in the fields of sport, politics, law, diplomacy, theMilitary history of the United Kingdom,medicine, engineering, technical invention,maritime history,geographical exploration, journalism and on the stage and screen. The London-born writerIan Flemingbeing one such example of this mixed ancestry and hisJames Bondcharacter being the preeminent fictional example of theAnglo-Scot.

At the same time, however,John Lorne Campbell,whose decades long work as a collector alongside his wife, AmericanethnomusicologistMargaret Fay Shaw,preserved countless works ofCanadian GaelicandScottish Gaelic literature,Hebridean mythology and folklore,andScottish traditional musicthat would otherwise have been lost, wasalsoan Anglo-Scot. Campbell was raised to speak only Received Pronunciation English as anArgyllshirelandlord at the height of theBritish Empire,but his decision as a young adult to reject the traditionallypro-Englishand pro-Empire politics of his family in favor ofScottish nationalism,decolonisation,and fighting for the survival of his threatened ancestralheritage languageofScottish Gaelic,may well be said to have changed the course of modernScottish history.[15]The modern Gaelicliteraryandlanguage revivals,as well as the growing use ofimmersion schoolsin both Scotland andNova Scotiaare his legacy.

The termAnglo-Scotis often used to describe Scottish sports players who are based in England or playing for English teams, or vice versa. This is especially so in football, and notably so inRugby union,where theAnglo Scotswere a Scottish non-native select provincial District side that competed in theScottish Inter-District Championship.

United States

[edit]

In many parts of the United States, especially those with high Latino populations, the term "Anglo" is applied to white Americans who are not ofLatinoorigin.[16]"Anglo", is short for "Anglo American",[citation needed][dubious–discuss]is used as a synonym fornon-Latino whites;that isEuropean Americans,most of whom speak the English language, even those who are not necessarily of English or British descent.[17]Some non-Latino whites in the United States who speak English but are not of English or British ancestry do not identify with the term "Anglo" and find the term offensive.[citation needed]For instance, someCajunsin southernLouisianause the term to refer to white people who do not haveFrancophonebackgrounds.Irish Americans,the second largest self-identified ethnic group in the United States followingGerman-Americans,also sometimes take umbrage at being called "Anglo".[citation needed]

Countries with significant populations

[edit]

Although conceptions of "Anglo" identity vary from country to country, the below table provides estimates of native English-speaking "white" populations by country.

Country Population estimate Percent of total Data year
United States 189,243,127[18][a] 58% 2019
United Kingdom 52,231,377[19][20][21][22][b] 83% 2011
Canada 18,361,495[23][c] 53% 2016
Australia 17,407,420[24][25][d] 74% 2016/2020
Ireland 3,561,533[26][27][28][29][e] 76% 2016
New Zealand 3,261,930[30][31][f] 69% 2018
South Africa 1,651,262[32][g] 3% 2011
Spain 268,957[33][h] 1% 2020
Israel 227,000[34][i] 4% 2015
France 145,900[35][j] >0% 2017
Total 286,360,001

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^"Non-Hispanic White alone" Americans born in the U.S., U.K., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, or Ireland.
  2. ^White: British and White:Irish population.
  3. ^European Canadians excluding Quebec.
  4. ^"White" Australians excluding immigrants from Italy, Germany, and Greece.
  5. ^"White" Irish less Irish speakers and immigrants from non-native-English-speaking European countries.
  6. ^"European" New Zealanders less immigrants from the Netherlands and Germany.
  7. ^"White" native English speakers.
  8. ^British immigrants to Spain.
  9. ^Israelis of U.S., U.K., Canadian, Australian, or New Zealand origins.
  10. ^British immigrants to France.

References

[edit]
  1. ^Moses, Wilson Jeremiah (1988).The Golden Age of Black Nationalism, 1850–1925.New York: Oxford University Press. p. 32.ISBN0-19-520639-8.A startling feature in the rhetoric of black institutional leadership on the eve of the Civil War was the popularity of the term, 'Anglo-African.'... By 1900, 'Anglo-African' had been replaced by 'Afro-American' and such variants as 'Euro-African', and 'Negro-Saxon'.
  2. ^Rogers, Joel Augustus (1996).World's Great Men of Color.Vol. 2. New York: Touchstone. p. 148.ISBN9780684815824.The festival was to be given at Gloucester with Coleridge-Taylor himself conducting the three choirs. As it was advertised that the conductor was an Anglo-African, the audience expected a white man. What was its surprise to see instead a dark-skinned Negro, quick-moving, slight of build, with an enormous head of high, thick, frizzly hair, broad nostrils, flashing white teeth, and a winning smile.
  3. ^Lee, Christopher J (2009). "'A generous dream, but difficult to realize': the making of the Anglo-African community of Nyasaland, 1929–1940 ". In Mohamed Adhikari (ed.).Burdened by race: Coloured identities in southern Africa.Cape Town: UCT Press. p. 209.ISBN978-1-91989-514-7.Because the area had only been colonised in the 1890s, the Anglo-African community of Nyasaland during the 1930s, for the most part, consisted of first-generation persons of 'mixed' racial descent. This is reflected in their preference of the term 'Anglo-African' over 'coloured' and 'half-caste'. Although all three were used, 'Anglo-African' had the advantage of emphasising their partial descent from colonists.
  4. ^Milner-Thornton, Juliette Bridgette (2012).The Long Shadow of the British Empire: The Ongoing Legacies of Race and Class in Zambia.New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 11.ISBN978-0230340183.At different historical junctures in Northern Rhodesia's racialized landscape, persons of mixed descent were categorized accordingly: 'half-caste,' 'Anglo-African,' 'Indo-African,' 'Euro-African, 'Eurafrican,' and 'Coloured.'
  5. ^"About The Anglo-African".Library of Congress.Retrieved28 June2013.
  6. ^Coddington, Ronald S. (2012).African American Faces of the Civil War: An Album.Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 274.ISBN9781421406251.
  7. ^Jackson, Debra (2008)."A Black Journalist in Civil War Virginia: Robert Hamilton and the Anglo-African".Virginia Magazine of History and Biography.116(1): 42–72. Archived fromthe originalon 1 May 2013.Retrieved3 July2013.
  8. ^Echeruo, Michael J. C. (2001). "The Anglo-African, the 'Woman Question', and Imperial Discourse". In Dubem Okafor (ed.).Meditations on African Literature.Westport, Conn.: Greenwood. pp. 119–132.ISBN0313298661.
  9. ^James, Winston (2004). "The Wings of Ethiopia: The Caribbean Diaspora and Pan-African Projects from John Brown Russwurm to George Padmore". In Geneviève Fabre; Klaus Benesch (eds.).African Diasporas in the New and Old Worlds: Consciousness and Imagination.Amsterdam: Rodopi. pp. 135–148.ISBN90-420-0870-9.
  10. ^"United Australia: Public opinion in England as expressed in the leading journals of the United Kingdom".Sydney: Charles Potter, Government Printer. 1890.Retrieved16 July2013.'I do see a time when the South African colonies may be brought together into one great Anglo-African people.'
  11. ^Africanus (December 1918).The adjustment of the German colonial claims – Dedicated to the American and British delegates of the peace conference.Bern. p. 7.Retrieved15 July2013.Sir Harry Johnston, the former Governor General of Central British Africa said after the conquest of German East Africa in the 'Daily News':... Another well known Anglo-African and Colonial politician E. D. Morel in an article in the 'Labour Leader' entitled 'The Way Out' writes as follows:...'{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)Harry Johnston(1858–1927) andE. D. Morel(1873–1924) are referred to asAnglo-Africansin this publication.
  12. ^Wills, Walter H.; Barrett, R. J., eds. (1905).The Anglo-African Who's Who and Biographical Sketch-Book.London: George Routledge & Sons, Ltd.Retrieved26 June2013.But we may perhaps claim that, incomplete as it is, it contains many records of Anglo-Africans which are not readily available in any similar work of reference, and it is only necessary to add that we hope to remedy its sins of omission and commission in future editions.
  13. ^"Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia".1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 1995.Australian Bureau of Statistics. January 1995.
  14. ^"Anglo File -- Israel News".Haaretz Daily Newspaper.Archived fromthe originalon 26 October 2011.
  15. ^Ray Perman (2013),The Man Who Gave Away His Island: A Life of John Lorne Campbell,Birlinn Limited.Pages 1-140.
  16. ^"Anglo – Definitions from Dictionary.com; American Heritage Dictionary".Lexico Publishing Group, LLC.Archivedfrom the original on 15 March 2008.Retrieved29 March2008.
  17. ^Barber, Marian Jean (2010).How the Irish, Germans, and Czechs Became Anglo: Race and Identity in the Texas-Mexico Borderlands PhD dissertation.Austin: University of Texas.OCLC876627130.
  18. ^"IPUMS USA".usa.ipums.org.Retrieved20 June2022.
  19. ^"Office of National Statistics; 2011 Census Key Statistics".webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk.Retrieved7 September2021.
  20. ^"2011 Census: Ethnic Group, local authorities in England and Wales".webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk.Retrieved15 December2021.
  21. ^"2011 Census: Key Results from Releases 2A to 2D".Scotland's Census.Retrieved15 December2021.
  22. ^"Table DC2206NI – National Identity (Classification 1) by Ethnic Group".Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency.
  23. ^Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (8 February 2017)."Census Profile, 2016 Census - Canada:" Ethnic Origin Population — European origins "".www12.statcan.gc.ca.Retrieved6 August2019.
  24. ^"Australian Human Rights commission 2018"(PDF).
  25. ^"Table 5.1 Estimated resident population, by country of birth(a), Australia, as at 30 June, 1996 to 2020(b)(c)".Australian Bureau of Statistics.Retrieved24 April2021.
  26. ^"Chapter 6: Ethnicity and Irish Travellers"(PDF).2017.Archived(PDF)from the original on 14 April 2017.
  27. ^"Ethnicity – CSO – Central Statistics Office".www.cso.ie.Retrieved25 August2021.
  28. ^Eurobarometer -Europeans and their languages
  29. ^"Population Usually Resident and Present in the State and Actual and Percentage Change 2011 to 2016 by Sex, Nationality, Age Group, CensusYear and Statistic - StatBank - data and statistics".Archived fromthe originalon 20 October 2019.
  30. ^"2018 Census population and dwelling counts | Stats NZ".www.stats.govt.nz.Retrieved24 September2019.
  31. ^"2018 Census totals by topic – national highlights | Stats NZ".Archived fromthe originalon 23 September 2019.
  32. ^"Census 2011: Census in brief (PDF). Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 2012. p. 21"(PDF).
  33. ^"Población (españoles/extranjeros) por País de Nacimiento, sexo y año".Instituto NAcional de Estadística.Retrieved28 April2021.
  34. ^"Table 2.8 – Jews, by country of origin and age"(PDF).Israel Central Bureau of Statistics.Retrieved11 March2019.
  35. ^"Immigrés par pays de naissance détaillé".Insee.fr(in French). 28 November 2014.Retrieved1 September2017.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anglo&oldid=1250448631"