Antakya
Antakya | |
|---|---|
Clockwise from top:View overlooking Antakya,St. Paul Church,Habib-i Neccar Mosque,Church of Saint Peter,Antakya Ulu Mosque | |
 Flag  Emblem of Antakya Metropolitan Municipality | |
 Map showing Antakya District in Hatay Province | |
  Antakya | |
| Coordinates:36°12′09″N36°09′38″E/ 36.20250°N 36.16056°E | |
| Government | |
| Area | |
| • Total | 703 km2(271 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 67 m (220 ft) |
| Population (2022)[1] | |
| • Total | 399,045 |
| Area code | 0326 |
| Website | www |
Antakya(Turkish pronunciation:[ɑnˈtɑkjɑ];Local Turkish:Anteke[2]), modern form ofAntioch(Ancient Greek:Ἀντιόχεια,romanized:Antiókheia;Armenian:Անտիոք,romanized:Andiok;Latin:Antiochia), is a municipality and the capitaldistrictofHatay Province,Turkey.[3]Its area is 703 km2,[4]and its population is 399,045 (2022).[1]It is the capital of Hatay Province, the southernmost province of Turkey. The city is located in a well-watered and fertile valley on theOrontes River,about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from theLevantine Sea.
Today's city stands partly on the site of the ancientAntiochia(Ancient Greek:Ἀντιόχεια,Antiókheia,also known as "Antioch on the Orontes" ), which was founded in the fourth century BC by theSeleucid Empire.Antioch later became one of theRoman Empire's largest cities, and was made the capital of the provinces ofSyriaandCoele-Syria.It was also an influential early center ofChristianity;[5]the New Testament asserts that the name "Christian" first emerged in Antioch.[6]The city gained much ecclesiastical importance in theByzantine Empire.Captured byUmar ibn al-Khattabin the seventh century, the medievalAntakiyah(Arabic:أنطاكية,ʾAnṭākiya) was conquered or re-conquered several times: by the Byzantines in 969, theSeljuksin 1084,[7]theCrusadersin 1098,[8]theMamluksin 1268,[9]and eventually theOttomansin 1517,[8]who would integrate it to theAleppo Eyaletthen to theAleppo Vilayet.The city joined theHatay Stateunder theFrench Mandatebefore joining theTurkish Republic.
On 6 February 2023, the city was heavily damaged by twopowerful earthquakeswith their epicentre inKahramanmaraş.Some of the historical sites, including theChurch of St Paul,have been destroyed.[10]The earthquakes destroyed several neighbourhoods in the city and left thousands homeless. The death toll in Hatay Province, which includes Antakya, was estimated at over 20,000.[11]
History
[edit]
Antiquity
[edit]Humans have occupied the area of Antioch since theChalcolithic(6th millennium BCE), as revealed byarchaeologicalexcavations ofAlalakh,among others.[citation needed]
The Macedonian KingAlexander the Great,after defeating theAchaemenid Empirein theBattle of Issusin 333 BCE, followed theOrontessouth intoSyriaand occupied the area. The city of Antioch was founded in 300 BC, after the death of Alexander, by theSeleucid emperorSeleucus I Nicator.[citation needed]It played an important role as one of the largest cities in the Seleucid,Roman,andByzantineempires. The city swapped hands between the Byzantines and theSasanian Empirein the3rd century.It was the battleground for the253 siege of AntiochwhenShapur Idefeated the Roman army and the laterBattle of Antioch (613)where the Persians were successful at capturing the city for the last time. It was a key city during the earlyhistory of Christianity,in particular that of theSyriac Orthodox Church,theAntiochian Orthodox Churchand theMaronite Church,as well as during thespread of Islamand theCrusades.
Biblical era
[edit]From "The Acts of the Apostles", Chapter 11 Verse 26
“And when he had found him, he brought him unto Antioch. And it came to pass, that a whole year they assembled themselves with the church, and taught much people. And the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch.”
Rashidun period
[edit]
In 637, during the reign of the Byzantine emperorHeraclius,Antioch was conquered by theRashidun Caliphateduring theBattle of the Iron Bridge.The city became known in Arabic asأنطاكية(ʾAnṭākiya). Since theUmayyad Caliphatewas unable to penetrate theAnatolianplateau, Antioch found itself on the frontline of the conflicts between two hostile empires during the next 350 years, so that the city went into a precipitous decline. After the demise of Umayyad rule, Antioch became part of theAbbasidempire (except for a brief rule of theTulunids[12]),IkhshididsandHamdanids.
In 969, the city was reconquered for theByzantineEmperorNikephoros II PhokasbyMichael Bourtzesand thestratopedarchesPeter.It soon became the seat of adux,who commanded the forces of the localthemesand was the most important officer on the Empire's eastern border,[citation needed]held by such men asNikephoros Ouranos.In 1078,Philaretos Brachamios,an Armenian hero, seized power. He held the city until theSeljuk Turkscaptured it from him in 1084. TheSultanate of Rumheld it only fourteen years before the Crusaders arrived.[13]
Crusader era
[edit]
The Crusaders'Siege of Antiochbetween October 1097 and June 1098 during theFirst Crusaderesulted in its fall. The Crusaders caused significant damage, including a massacre of its population, both Christian and Muslim.[14]Following the defeat of Seljuk forces arriving with the aim to break the siege only four days after its capture by the crusaders,Bohemond Ibecame its overlord.[14]It remained the capital of the LatinPrincipality of Antiochfor nearly two centuries.
In 1268 it fell to theEgyptianMamlukSultanBaybarsafteranother siege.Baibars proceeded to massacre the Christian population.[15]In addition to suffering the ravages of war, the city lost its commercial importance because trade routes toEast Asiamoved north following the 13th-centuryMongolconquests. Antioch never recovered as a major city, with much of its former role falling to the port city ofAlexandretta(İskenderun). An account of both cities as they were in 1675 appears in the diary of the English naval chaplainHenry Teonge.
Ottoman city
[edit]![[icon]](/translate/en.wikipedia.org?u=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3AWiki_letter_w_cropped.svg&t=hv){kind=small} | This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(July 2015) |
The city was initially the centre of theSanjakof Antakya, part of theDamascus Eyalet.It was laterly centre ofSanjakof Antakya inAleppo Eyalet.It was finally kaza centre inSanjak of Aleppo,part ofAleppo Vilayet.
In 1822 (andagain in 1872), Antakya was hit byan earthquakeand damaged. When Egyptian generalIbrahim Pashaestablished his headquarters in the city in 1835, it had only some 5,000 inhabitants. Supporters hoped the city might develop thanks to theEuphratesValleyRailway,which was supposed to link it to the port of Sueida (nowSamandağı), but this plan never came to fruition. This scheme is the subject ofLetitia Elizabeth Landon's poem
Antioch.(1836) in which she reflects of the superiority of trade and commerce over war and conflict. The city suffered repeated outbreaks ofcholeradue to inadequate infrastructure for sanitation.[13]Later the city developed and rapidly resumed much of its old importance when a railway was built along the lower Orontes Valley.
French Mandate and Turkish annexation
[edit]Antioch was part of theSanjak of Alexandrettaduring theMandate for Syria and the Lebanon,until it was made theHatay Statein 1938, after Turkish pressure.[16]AnArab nationalistnewspaper in the city, run byZaki al-Arsuzi,was shut down by the Turks.[citation needed]On May 30, 1938, an Arab was killed during a riot by a Turkish crowd.[17]On 7 July 1938, the Turkish army entered Antioch.[17]The annexation of the Hatay State by Turkey in 1939, creating theHatay Province,caused an exodus of Christians andAlawitesfrom Antioch east to the French Mandate.
The district Antakya was created in 2013 from part of the former central district of Hatay.[18][19]
Demographics
[edit]Language
[edit]A British traveller visiting Antakya in 1798 reported that generally, Turkish was spoken, while, by contrast, the prevalent language inAleppoat the time was Arabic.[20]Most Alawites and Armenians spoke Turkish as a second language.[21]
Religion
[edit]In 1935,TurkishandArabMuslims made more than 80% of the population.
| Religion | Population (Percentage) |
|---|---|
| Sunni Muslims | 19,720 (58%)[22] |
| Alawites | 8,670 (25.5%)[22] |
| Christians | 4,930 (14.5%)[22] |
| Others | 680 (2%) |
| Total | 34,000 (100%)[22] |
Antakya was home to one of the most ancient Jewish communities for over 2,200 years.[23]
Recent history
[edit]
Mount Habib-i Neccar (Habib An-Najar inSura al-Yassin36:13) and the city walls which climb the hillsides symbolise Antakya, making the city a formidable fortress built on a series of hills running north-east to south-west. Antakya was originally centred on the east bank of the river. Since the 19th century, the city has expanded with new neighbourhoods built on the plains across the river to the south-west, and four bridges connect the old and new cities. Many of the buildings of the last two decades are styled as concrete blocks, and Antakya has lost much of its classic beauty.[citation needed]The narrow streets of the old city can become clogged with traffic.
Antakya is a provincial capital of considerable importance as the centre of a large district. The draining ofLake Amikand development of land have caused the region's economy to grow in wealth and productivity. The town is a lively shopping and business centre with many restaurants, cinemas and other amenities. This district is centred on a large park opposite the governor's building and the central avenueKurtuluş Caddesı.The tea gardens, cafes and restaurants in the neighbourhood ofHarbiyeare popular destinations, particularly for the variety ofmezein the restaurants. TheOrontes Rivercan be malodorous when water is low in summer. Rather than formal nightlife, in the summer heat, people will stay outside until late at the night to walk with their families and friends, and munch on snacks.
Its location near the Syrian border makes Antakya more cosmopolitan than many cities in Turkey. It did not attract the mass immigration of people from eastern Anatolia in the 1980s and 1990s that radically swelled the populations of Mediterranean cities such asAdanaandMersin.BothTurkishandArabicare still widely spoken in Antakya, although written Arabic is rarely used. A mixed community of faiths and denominations co-exist peacefully here. While almost all the inhabitants areMuslim,a substantial proportion adhere to theAleviandAlawitetraditions, in 'Harbiye' there is a place to honour the saintHızır.Numerous tombs of saints, of bothSunniandAlawite,are located throughout the city. Several smallChristian communitiesare active in the city, with the largest church being St. Peter and St. Paul on Hürriyet Avenue.[24]With its long history of spiritual and religious movements, Antakya is a place of pilgrimage for Christians. The Jewish community of Antakya had shrunk to 14 members in 2014.[25][26]In 2023, the last Jew in the city announced that he was leaving the city after adevastating earthquake.[27]
It has a reputation in Turkey as a place for spells, fortune telling, miracles and spirits.[citation needed]
Local crafts include a soap scented with the oil ofbay tree.
2023 earthquakes
[edit]
On 6 February 2023, Antakya suffered heavy damage as a result of amajor earthquake.[28]Many parts of the city were totally destroyed.[29]As of 7 February, the BBC reported that at least 1,200 buildings in the city center and the districts of Kırıkhan and İskenderun were razed. Officials said "almost all" houses in the Cebrail District had collapsed.[30]Many historical sites, including churches and mosques, were destroyed,[31]St. Paul's Churchbeing one of them.[32]The historicAntakya SynagogueandHatay State Assembly Buildingwere also destroyed.[33][34]
In the aftermath, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan promised to an immediate reconstruction of the affected areas. During a visit to the city in September 2023,The New York Timesreported that heavily buildings were still being demolished and no large-scale reconstruction works were observed. Many damaged buildings remained standing but abandoned while survivors continue to live in tents. Hatay's mayor, Lutfu Savas, said only half of the estimated 38,000 buildings registered to be dismantled had been fulfilled. In Gülderen, there were ongoing works to build 2,300 apartment units in 122 blocks.[29]
Geography
[edit]Antakya is located on the banks of theOrontes River(Turkish:Asi Nehri), approximately 22 km (14 mi) inland from theMediterraneancoast. The city is in a valley surrounded by mountains, theNur Mountains(ancient Amanos) to the northwest and Mount Keldağ (Jebel Akra) to the south, with the 440 m high Mount Habib-i Neccar (the ancientMount Silpius) forming its eastern limits. The mountains are a source of a greenmarble.Antakya is at the northern edge of theDead Sea Riftand vulnerable to earthquakes.
The plain ofAmikto the north-east of the city is fertile soil watered by the Orontes, theKarasuand theAfrinrivers; the lake in the plain was drained in 1980 by a French company. At the same time channels were built to widen the Orontes and let it pass neatly through the city centre. The Orontes is joined in Antakya by the Hacı Kürüş stream to the north-east of the city near the church of St Peter, and the Hamşen which runs down from Habib-i Neccar to the south-west, under Memekli Bridge near the army barracks. Flora includes thebay treesandmyrtle.
Composition
[edit]There are 95neighbourhoodsin Antakya District:[35]
- Açıkdere
- Akasya
- Akçaova
- Akcurun
- Akevler
- Akhisar
- Aksaray
- Alaattin
- Alahan
- Alazı
- Altınçay
- Anayazı
- Apaydın
- Arpahan
- Aşağıoba
- Avsuyu
- Aydınlıkevler
- Bağrıyanık
- Barbaros
- Biniciler
- Bitiren
- Boşin
- Bozhüyük
- Büyükdalyan
- Cebrail
- Cumhuriyet
- Demirköprü
- Derince
- Dikmece
- Doğanköy
- Dutdibi
- Ekinci
- Emek
- Esenlik
- Esentepe
- Fevziçakmak
- Gazi
- Gazipaşa
- General Şükrü Kanatlı
- Gökçegöz
- Gülderen
- Güllübahçe
- Günyazı
- Güzelburç
- Habib-i Neccar
- Hacı Ömer Alpagot
- Haraparası
- Hasanlı
- Havuzlar
- İplik Pazarı
- Kantara
- Karaali
- Karaalibölüğü
- Kardeşler
- Karlısu
- Kisecik
- Kışla Saray
- Kocaabdi
- Küçükdalyan
- Kuruyer
- Kuyulu
- Kuzeytepe
- Madenboyu
- Mansurlu
- Maraşboğazı
- Maşuklu
- Melekli
- Meydan
- Narlıca
- Odabaşı
- Oğlakören
- Orhanlı
- Ovakent
- Paşaköy
- Saçaklı
- Saraycık
- Saraykent
- Şehitler
- Serinyol
- Şeyhali
- Şirince
- Sofular
- Suvatlı
- Tahtaköprü
- Tanışma
- Üçgedik
- Ulucami
- Ürgenpaşa
- Üzümdalı
- Uzunaliç
- Yaylacık
- Yenicami
- Yeşilova
- Zenginler
- Zülüflühan
Climate
[edit]Antakya's climate is classified ashot-summer Mediterranean(Köppen:Csa) or dry-summerhumid subtropical(Trewartha:Cforwet Cs). The city experiences hot, dry summers, and mild, wet winters; though its higher altitude allows for lower temperatures than the coast.
Highest recorded temperature:45.2 °C (113.4 °F) on 13 August 2023
Lowest recorded temperature:−11.8 °C (10.8 °F) on 14 January 1950
| Climate data for Antakya (1991–2020, extremes 1940–2023) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.5 (68.9) |
26.6 (79.9) |
30.5 (86.9) |
37.5 (99.5) |
42.5 (108.5) |
43.2 (109.8) |
44.6 (112.3) |
45.2 (113.4) |
43.5 (110.3) |
39.2 (102.6) |
32.5 (90.5) |
25.1 (77.2) |
45.2 (113.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.5 (54.5) |
14.9 (58.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
23.0 (73.4) |
27.0 (80.6) |
29.7 (85.5) |
31.6 (88.9) |
32.5 (90.5) |
31.4 (88.5) |
28.2 (82.8) |
20.3 (68.5) |
13.9 (57.0) |
23.7 (74.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.2 (46.8) |
9.9 (49.8) |
13.6 (56.5) |
17.4 (63.3) |
21.6 (70.9) |
25.1 (77.2) |
27.6 (81.7) |
28.3 (82.9) |
26.1 (79.0) |
21.5 (70.7) |
14.3 (57.7) |
9.5 (49.1) |
18.6 (65.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) |
5.9 (42.6) |
9.1 (48.4) |
12.6 (54.7) |
16.9 (62.4) |
21.3 (70.3) |
24.4 (75.9) |
25.2 (77.4) |
21.7 (71.1) |
16.2 (61.2) |
9.8 (49.6) |
6.2 (43.2) |
14.5 (58.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −11.8 (10.8) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
1.5 (34.7) |
7.7 (45.9) |
11.6 (52.9) |
15.9 (60.6) |
15.4 (59.7) |
7.9 (46.2) |
2.3 (36.1) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
| Averageprecipitationmm (inches) | 198.4 (7.81) |
165.2 (6.50) |
142.9 (5.63) |
101.9 (4.01) |
80.9 (3.19) |
30.9 (1.22) |
16.0 (0.63) |
17.5 (0.69) |
41.6 (1.64) |
76.6 (3.02) |
99.6 (3.92) |
182.0 (7.17) |
1,154.2 (45.44) |
| Average precipitation days | 15.11 | 13.21 | 13.17 | 8.98 | 5.54 | 2.15 | 0.6 | 0.64 | 3.35 | 7.2 | 8.93 | 13.5 | 92.4 |
| Averagerelative humidity(%) | 74.0 | 69.9 | 67.4 | 67.1 | 66.7 | 67.3 | 69.7 | 69.9 | 66.0 | 64.0 | 66.5 | 74.8 | 68.6 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 105.4 | 130.0 | 186.0 | 219.0 | 282.1 | 321.0 | 344.1 | 319.3 | 276.0 | 217.0 | 150.0 | 102.3 | 2,652.2 |
| Mean dailysunshine hours | 3.4 | 4.6 | 6.0 | 7.3 | 9.1 | 10.7 | 11.1 | 10.3 | 9.2 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 3.3 | 7.3 |
| Source 1:Turkish State Meteorological Service[36] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2:NOAA(humidity)[37] | |||||||||||||
Education
[edit]Mustafa Kemal University,abbreviated as MKU, has several faculties including Engineering and Medicine, while having a campus called Tayfur Sökmen located in Serinyol district 15 km (9.3 mi), north of Antakya (centrum). Established in 1992, currently more than 32,000 students enrolled at the university.[38]
Besides the campus in Serinyol, MKU has its faculties spread out in all main districts of the province including Altınözü, Antakya, Belen, Dörtyol, Erzin, Hassa, İskenderun, Kırıkhan, Reyhanlı, Samandağ and Yayladağı.
Main sights
[edit]
The long and varied history has created many architectural sites of interest. There is much for visitors to see in Antakya, although many buildings have been lost in the rapid growth and redevelopment of the city in recent decades.
- Hatay Archaeology Museumhas the second largest collection ofRomanmosaicsin the world.
- The rock-carvedChurch of St Peter,with its network of refuges and tunnels carved out of the rock, a site of Christian pilgrimage. There are also tombs cut into the rock face at various places along the Orontes valley.
- Old market district: It offers plenty of traditional shops, where you can explore what you have not seen before. It is exactly in the city centre, you are in when you see the signUzun Çarşı Caddesi.
- The seedyGündüz cinemain the city centre was once used as parliament building of theRepublic of Hatay.
- The waterfalls at theHarbiye/ Daphne promenade.
- TheOttomanHabib'i Neccar Mosque,the oldest mosque in Antakya and one of the oldest inAnatolia.
- The labyrinth of narrow streets and old Antakya houses. This district is the oldtown in fact.
- Vespasianus Titus Tunnel-Samandagı. It is approximately 35 km. far from the centre.
- Beşikli Cave and Graves (the antique city of Seleukeia Pierria)
- St. Simon Monastery
- Bagras (Bakras) Castle,which was built in antiquity and restored many times in later centuries (particularly during theCrusades,when it was a stronghold of theKnights Templar), served as a watchtower on the 27 km (17 mi) mountain road fromİskenderun(Alexandretta) to Antakya (Antioch).
- The panoramic view of the city from the heights of Mount Habib-i Neccar
- St. Paul Orthodox Church
With its rich architectural heritage, Antakya is a member of theNorwich-basedEuropean Association of Historic Towns and Regions.[39]The Roman bridge (thought to date from the era ofDiocletian) was destroyed in 1972 during the widening and channelling of theOrontes.[citation needed]
-
Antakya Yeni Camii Exterior -
Antakya Habib-i Neccar Camii Interior -
Antakya Habib-i Neccar Camii Exterior -
Antakya Sarimiye Mosque Minaret -
Antakya Ulu Cami Entrance to courtyard -
Antakya Ulu Cami -
Antakya Ulu Cami -
View of the river in the 1780s, byLouis-François Cassas. -
Medina gate in the 1780s, byLouis-François Cassas. -
Ruins of the Seleucus palace in the 1780s, byLouis-François Cassas. -
Mosaics of Eros are standing on the wings of two Psyches and whipping them on inHatay Archaeology Museum -
Dionysus mosaic inHatay Archaeology Museum
Transport
[edit]The city is served fromHatay Airport.
Sports
[edit]Antakya has one male professionalfootballclub,Hatayspor,who play in theSüper Lig.There is also a female professional team calledHatay Büyükşehir Belediyesi.Hatay Büyükşehir Belediyespor,a woman's basketball team, is also present, and plays in theTurkish Women's Basketball League.
Cuisine
[edit]The cuisine of Antakya is renowned. Its cuisine is consideredLevantinerather thanTurkish.The cuisine offers plenty of meals, where beef and lamb are mainly used. Popular dishes include the typical Turkishkebab,served with spices and onions in flat unleavened bread, with yoghurt asali nazikkebab, oruk, kaytaz böreği and katıklı ekmek. Hot, spicy food is a feature of this part of Turkey, along withTurkish coffeeand local specialties. Here are some savoury foods:
- İçli köfteand otherorukvarieties: varieties of the Arabickibbeh,deep-fried balls ofbulgurwheat stuffed with minced meat; or baked in ovens in cylinder-cone shape. Saç oruğu is made of the same ingredients, however in circular shape.
- Kaytaz böreği:It is patty that is made of wheat, beef, tomato and onion.
- Katıklı ekmek:Ingredients in Katıklı Ekmek usually consist of wheat, traditional pepper (paste), spices such as sesame and theme, çökelek or cheese. It looks like an ancestor of pizza. Not a lot of restaurants serve it, however it can be found in old-market that is located in the centre and Harbiye.
- Pomegranatesyrup, used as a salad dressing, calleddebes ramman,a traditionalLevantine Arabicdressing.
- Semirsek,a thin bread with hotpepper,minced meat or spinach filling
- Spicy chicken, a specialty of Harbiye
- Za'atar(Zahter) a traditionalLevantine Arabicpaste of spiced thyme, oregano, and sesame seeds, mixed with olive oil, spread on flat (calledpideor in English pita) bread.
- Freshchick peas,munched as a snack.
- Hirise,boiled and pounded wheat meal.
- Aşur,meat mixed with crushed wheat, chickpea, cumin, onion, pepper and walnut
- Hummus- the chick-pea dip
- pureedfava beans
- Patlıcan salatası:Patlıcan salatası or babaganoush, made of baked and sliced aubergines that mixed with pepper and tomato. It is usually served with pomegranate syrup.
- Taratur:Known also as Tarator, made of walnuts, 'tahin', yoghurt and garlic.
- Süzme yoğurt:A type of yoghurt that its water content is removed with traditional methods.
- Ezme biber:It is made of pepper and walnuts.
- Surke- driedcurdsserved in spicy olive oil
- Çökelek- the spicy sun-dried cheese
- Eelsfrom the Orontes, spiced and fried inolive oil
- Sweets/desserts
- Künefe- a hot cheese,kadaif-based sweet. Antakya is Turkey'skünefecapital; the pastry shops in the centre compete to claim being kingsTurkish:kralof the pastry.[citation needed]
- Müşebbek- rings of deep fried pastry.
- Peynirli irmik helvası- Peynirli İrmik Helvası is a dessert that is made of semolina, sugar and traditional cheese that is the same as used in künefe. It is served warm, especially in restaurants in the region Harbiye, rather than künefe shops that are located in the centre.
Twin towns
[edit]Antakya istwinnedwith:
Aalen,Germany (since 1995).
Notable people
[edit]- Alexandros(1st century BC) Greek sculptor
- George of Antioch
- Ignatius of Antioch,Patriarch of Antioch
- John Chrysostom(349–407) Patriarch of Constantinople
- Saint Luke,first century AD, Christian evangelist and author of theGospel of St. LukeandActs of the Apostles
- Yağısıyan,Seljukidgovernor of the city up to its capture by the Crusaders
- Selâhattin Ülkümen-Righteous among the nations
- Tayfur Sökmen- The president of theRepublic of Hatayduring its existence between the years 1938 and 1939.
References
[edit]- ^ab"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports"(XLS).TÜİK.Retrieved19 September2023.
- ^Nakib, Bülent (2004).Antakya ağzı: dilbilgisi ve sözlük(in Turkish). Hatay Folklor Araştırmaları Derneği. p. 43.
Anteke: Antakya adının Antakya ağzında söyleniş biçimi
- ^Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi,Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^"İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri".General Directorate of Mapping.Retrieved19 September2023.
- ^"The mixture of Roman, Greek, and Jewish elements admirably adapted Antioch for the great part it played in the early history of Christianity. The city was the cradle of the church." — "Antioch,"Encyclopaedia Biblica,Vol. I, p. 186 (p. 125 of 612 inonline.pdf file.Warning:Takes several minutes to download).
- ^"Acts 11:26 - The Church at Antioch".Bible Hub.
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- ^Cecilia Gaposchkin, M. (17 January 2017).Invisible Weapons: Liturgy and the Making of Crusade Ideology.ISBN9781501707971.
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External links
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| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
- Antakya
- Antakya District
- Populated places in Hatay Province
- Çukurova
- Archaeological sites in Hatay Province
- Populated places along the Silk Road
- Crusade places
- Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey
- Seleucid colonies in Anatolia
- Holy cities
- New Testament places
- Roman sites in Turkey
- Populated places established in the 4th century BC
- Jewish communities in Turkey
- 300s BC establishments
- Arab settlements in Turkey
- Aleppo vilayet
- Populated places destroyed by earthquakes
- Districts of Hatay Province
- Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey