Ante Trumbić
Ante Trumbić | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Foreign Minister of Yugoslavia | |
| In office 7 December 1918 – 22 November 1920 | |
| Preceded by | Stojan Protić |
| Succeeded by | Milenko Vesnić |
| 23rdMayor of Split | |
| In office 1906–1907 | |
| Preceded by | Vinko Milić |
| Succeeded by | Vicko Mihaljević |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 17 May 1864 Split,Kingdom of Dalmatia,Austrian Empire |
| Died | 17 November 1938(aged 74) Zagreb,Kingdom of Yugoslavia |
| Political party | Croatian Party of Rights(–1905) Croatian Party (1905–1918) Croatian Community (1924–1926) Croatian Peasant Party(1926–1938) |
| Alma mater | University of Zagreb University of Vienna |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Profession | Attorney at law |
Ante Trumbić(17 May 1864 – 17 November 1938) was aYugoslavandCroatianlawyer and politician in the early 20th century.
Biography
[edit]Trumbić was born inSplitin theAustriancrownlandofDalmatiaand studied law atZagreb,ViennaandGraz(with doctorate in 1890). He practiced as a lawyer, and then, from 1905 as the city mayor of Split. Trumbić was in favor of moderate reforms in Austro-Hungarian Slavic provinces. That included the unification of Dalmatia withCroatia-Slavoniademanded by theRijeka ResolutionTrumbić helped draw up.
After theassassination in SarajevoofArchduke Franz Ferdinandand the invasion of Serbia by Austria-Hungary, Trumbić became the prominentYugoslav nationalistleader during World War I, and led theYugoslav Committeethat lobbied the Allies to support the creation of an independent Yugoslavia.[1]Trumbić negotiated withSerbian Prime MinisterNikola Pašićto have theKingdom of Serbiasupport the creation of a Yugoslav state, which was delivered at theCorfu Declarationon 20 July 1917 that advocated the creation of a united state of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes that would be led by the SerbianHouse of Karađorđević.[1]Trumbić led the Yugoslav Committee delegation at the conference in 1918 that produced theGeneva Declaration.
In 1918, he became foreign minister in the first government of theKingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.At the Versailles conference after World War I, Trumbić had to represent Yugoslav concerns in the face ofItalianterritorial ambitions in Dalmatia (temporarily settled in 1920, but raised again withBenito Mussolini).
In spite of his support for a united Yugoslavia, Trumbić opposed the1921 constitutionover his belief that it was too centralized and allowed Serb hegemony over Yugoslavia.[1]Trumbić was one of 35 representatives to vote against the constitution amid a wide boycott of the National Assembly by opposition parties.[2]Trumbić grew steadily disillusioned with the Yugoslav government over time which he saw as Serb-dominated.[1]He was elected for the last time in the1927 electionson the list of theCroatian Blocrepresenting Zagreb together withAnte Pavelić (1869–1938).
In 1929, claiming to bring an end to the ongoing bickering between the Serbian and the Croatian representatives within the kingdom, KingAlexander of Yugoslaviastaged a coup d'état and banned all political parties, and removed the individual nationalitiesSerbandCroatfrom the bigger picture. He renamed the landYugoslavia,and abrogated the constitution to establish a royal dictatorship. Trumbić was by now in retirement in Zagreb. King Alexander's division of Croatia-Slavonia and Dalmatia into oblasts and then intobanovinas,countered all previous reforms Trumbić had sought. In a September 1932 interview withThe Manchester GuardianTrumbić wondered whether Croatia should separate from the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and pursue a union with Austria.[3]In November 1932 Trumbić edited theZagreb Points,a series of demands put forth by the Peasant-Democratic coalition to counter Serbian hegemony.[4]
With the arrest of Croatian Peasant Party leaderVladko Mačekin April 1933 Trumbić andJosip Predavecbecame the caretaker heads of the party.[5]With Predavec's assassination on 14 July, Trumbić was essentially the head of the party in Maček's absence.
According to Henri Pozzi, Trumbić later regretted the end of Austria-Hungary,[6]as the South Slav state he had helped to create proved incapable of his intended reforms.
References
[edit]- ^abcdSpencer Tucker.Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social, and Military History.Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO, 2005. pp. 1189.
- ^Sabrina P. Ramet,The three Yugoslavias: state-building and legitimation, 1918–2005.Indiana University Press, 2006. (p. 57)
- ^Bernd Jürgen Fischer,Balkan strongmen: dictators and authoritarian rulers of South Eastern Europe.Purdue University Press, 2007. (p. 79)
- ^Ljubomir Antić (2004)."Prvih sto godina Hrvatske seljačke stranke".Hrvatski iseljenički zbornik(in Croatian).Croatian Heritage Foundation.Archived fromthe originalon 21 May 2011.Retrieved29 June2010.
- ^Alex N. Dragnich,The first Yugoslavia: search for a viable political system.Hoover Press, 1983. (p. 95)
- ^Henri Pozzi,Black Hand over Europe (La Guerre Revient...).F. Mott and Co, 1935.
External links
[edit]
- 1864 births
- 1938 deaths
- Lawyers from Split, Croatia
- People from the Kingdom of Dalmatia
- Party of Rights politicians
- Croatian Peasant Party politicians
- Foreign ministers of Yugoslavia
- Representatives in the Yugoslav National Assembly (1921–1941)
- Mayors of Split, Croatia
- Yugoslavism
- Lawyers from Austria-Hungary
- Yugoslav lawyers